chemical reactions. cornell notes title your notes: chemical reactions notes add topics and...
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Chemical Reactions
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Cornell Notes
Title your notes: Chemical Reactions Notes Add topics and summary after re-reading the
notes.
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Metabolism An incredibly large
number of chemical reactions happen in your body every second of your life.
Metabolism is a term used to describe all of the chemical reactions in a person’s body.
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Reactants and Products
In chemical reactions, molecules are changed in some way. The beginning molecule(s) are the reactants and the resulting molecule(s) are the products.
R E A C T A N T S P R O D U C T S
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This is an example of a chemical reaction:
H2O2 H2O + O2
Hydrogen is broken down Water and Oxygen
Peroxide in your cells into
R E A C T A N T S P R O D U C T S
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Hydrogen peroxide is made in your cells all the time. However, it is toxic if it is not quickly broken down into water and oxygen, which are not toxic.
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Chemical reactions don’t happen spontaneously though. Every chemical reaction requires a certain amount of energy in order for it to happen.
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For a chemical reaction to take place, it has to “get over the hump,” as far as energy is concerned.
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The amount of energy a chemical reaction requires is called its activation energy. A chemical reaction will not occur until it has this amount of energy. The activation energy corresponds to the top of the “hump” on the graph.
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Label graph
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The activation energy of most chemical reactions is too high for them to happen on their own. Luckily your body has enzymes to help.
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Enzymes are proteins your body has that work by binding to a specific molecule and lowering its activation energy. The graph below represents the chemical reaction from above with an enzyme lowering its activation energy:
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The “hump,” or activation energy, has been lowered so not as much energy is required for it to occur.
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For example, your body has an enzyme called catalase that helps the cells break down hydrogen peroxide so it doesn’t poison you.
CATALASE
+
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When the activation energy is lowered, the chemical reaction happens much faster. Another word for an enzyme is a catalyst.
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A catalyst speeds something up (enzymes speed up chemical reactions).