chemical reactions & chemical equations. chemical reactions a process involving a substance or...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Reactions&
Chemical Equations
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Chemical Reactions
A process involving a substance or substances changing into a new substance or substances
Chemical Change
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Chemical ReactionsEvidence of a chemical reaction
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Chemical ReactionsEvidence of a chemical reaction
1) A permanent color change
2) A gas is produced
3) Energy is exchanged
4) A precipitate is produced
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Chemical EquationsA statement using chemical formulas to describe the identities and relative amounts of reactants and products involved in the chemical reaction
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Reactant(s) Product(s)
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MgCO3 MgO + CO2
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MgCO3 CO2 + MgO
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MgCO3 (s) MgO (s) + CO2(g)
Phases of Components
(s) = solid
(l) = liquid
(g) = gas
(aq) = aqueous
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Physical Change Vs.
Chemical Change
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Physical Change Chemical Change
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Physical Change Chemical ChangePhase Changes
Dissolving
Mixing
Breaking
Separating
Filtering
Rearrange Atoms
New Substances form
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Did a chemical change occur?
1. Permanent Color Change Occurs
2. Precipitate Formed
3. Gas is Released
4. Energy is Exchanged – Temperature
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Chemical Reaction Demonstration1. Permanent Color Change
CuSO4 (Aq) + Zn (s) ZnSO4 (Aq) + Cu (s)
Blue Gray Clear Black
The Zn and Cu are Switching, this is known as a single replacement Reaction.
2. Gas is Produced
HCl (l) + Zn (s) ZnCl (Aq) + H2 (g)
3. Energy is Exchanged
Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)
Rapid Oxidation
4. Precipitate is Formed
Pb(NO3)2 (Aq) + K2CrO4 (Aq) KNO3 (Aq) + PbCrO4 (s)
Clear Bright Yellow
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Practice Exercise #1
1. Define Chemical Reaction2. How do we know a chemical reaction has
taken place?3. What is a Chemical Equation and Why do
we use them?4. What are the initial constituents of a
chemical reaction? What are the end products called?
5. What do the following symbols stand for?s l g aq
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Types of Chemical Equations
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Synthesis
• Putting things together• Also known as Direct Combination.
2 Na + Cl2 = 2 NaCl
4 Al + 3 O2 = 2 Al2O3
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Decomposition
• Breaking things down/Taking apart
• AKA Analysis
2 KClO3 = 2 KCl + 3 O2
3 MnO2 = Mn3O4 + O2
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Single Replacement
• Replacing one element in a compound with another element.
2 Al + 6 HCl = 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
2 NaBr + Cl2 = 2 NaCl + Br2
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Double Replacement
• Switching one element from a compound with another element from a different compound.
2 AgNO3 + MgCl2 = 2 AgCl + Mg(NO3)2
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
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Others
• Combustion– Rapid Oxidation
– XXXX + O2 CO2 + H2O
• Oxidation– Add Oxygen (Combustion)
• Reduction
• Acid – Base Neutralization
• Etc……
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HW
• Due Monday
• Read & outline page 249-255
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Exothermic Reactions
• Release or give off heat.
• Heat is a byproduct of the reaction.
• Temperature increases as the bonds between products are formed.
• Examples– Combustion, Respiration, Oxidation
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Endothermic Reactions
• Take in or absorb Heat from the surroundings.
• Temperature decreases as the reaction progresses.
• Heat is used to break bonds of reactants.– Decomposition or Analysis Reactions
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Oxidation
• Removing Electrons
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Reduction
• Adding Electrons
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Rate of Reaction
• Reactions occur at different speeds.
• The time it takes for reactants to become products.
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Catalysts
• They speed up reactions without being affected themselves.– They stay the same– Enzymes in living organisms.
• Lowers activation energy– The amount of energy needed to start a reaction.
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Speeding Up Reactions
• Temperature, Energy, Pressure, Surface Area, Concentration, Collisions, Catalyst.
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Measuring Rates of Reactions
• Measure Reactants
• Measure Products
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BalancingChemical Equations
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Reactant(s) Product(s)
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MgCO3 (s) MgO (s) + CO2(g)
Phases of Components
(s) =
(l) =
(g) =
(aq) =
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1 MgCO3 (s) 1 MgO (s) + 1 CO2(g)
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1 MgCO3 (s) 1 MgO (s) + 1 CO2(g)
Reactants Products
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1 MgCO3 (s) 1 MgO (s) + 1 CO2(g)
5 atoms 5 atoms
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H2 + O2 H2O
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2 H2 + 1 O2 2 H2O
H2 + H2 + O2 H2O + H2O
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2 H2 + 1 O2 2 H2O
H2 + H2 + O2 H2O + H2O
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Ca + Cl2 CaCl2
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Na + Cl2 NaCl
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Fe2O3 Fe + O2
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AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl
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FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2
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4 FeS2 + 11 O2 2 Fe2O3 + 8
SO2
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NH4OH + Ni(NO3)2 NH4NO3 + Ni(OH)2
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NH4OH + Ni(NO3)2 NH4NO3 + Ni(OH)2
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Na2CO3 + Fe(NO3)3 Fe2(CO3)3 + NaNO3
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Na2CO3 + Fe(NO3)3 Fe2(CO3)3 + NaNO3
3 Na2CO3 + 2 Fe(NO3)3 Fe2(CO3)3 + 6 NaNO3
Balanced!!!
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H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O
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NH4OH + H3PO4 (NH4)3PO4 + H2O
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Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O
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C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O