charging & billing -basic terms and concepts

Charging & Billing- Basic Terms and Concepts -

Dr. Hicham Aroudaki

Damascus, 8th May 2010

- Basic Terms and Concepts -

Content

� Understanding the terminology

� The overall billing process

� Charging scenarios � Charging scenarios

� Intelligent Network services

� Roaming related issues

� Signaling System #7

� What is CAMEL ?

What is billing ?

GSM

Network DataCustomer

Data

Invoice

Mr. John Smith

Monthly Fee $12.00

Usage 11MB $ 5.50

__________________

Total $17.50

Taxes 10% $ 1.75

__________________

Grand Total $19.25

Billing

� Manage customer data

� Collect data from the network

� Process both to create an invoice

Terminology – Wireless Networks

Charging: reporting of used services / resources

� The charging function collects information related to a chargeable events from several network nodes.

� The charging information generated by network nodes is structured in the form of � The charging information generated by network nodes is structured in the form of a Charging Data Record (CDR*) and transferred via standard protocols.

� The charging function is responsible for further processing and storing temporarily the generated CDRs, to correlate any partial records and transfer them securely to the billing function.

� The CDRs are transferred to the billing function via a transfer protocol such as FTAM (File Transfer, Access and Management), FTP, or TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol).


CDR: Charging Data Record- A formatted collection of information about a chargeable event / resource for use in billing (details of the call).

� Usual information on a CDR includes:� Usual information on a CDR includes:– Duration of call / context, Date & Time, Volume (PDP up- &

downlink)– Location of subscriber, Destination of call – Time Tariff Switch– Flat Rate indicator– Content class indicator, Quality of Service (Tele- & Bearer Service)– Access Point Name– GSM / UMTS indicator

� The CDR is stored until time of billing.

Intermediate Record Generation (1)

...depending on Call Duration:

Intermediate Record Generation (2)

...for In-Call-Modification:

Terminology - Wireless Networks

� Application of tariff(s) to the records.

� Gives the call a value to be charged at the time of billing (not including promotions, discounts, or taxes).

Rating: the act of determining the price to be charged for use of a resource.

promotions, discounts, or taxes).

� Rating parameters include:

– Service and Product

– User-defined Rate Period (peak, off peak, etc...)

– Unit Based Rating (events, minutes, kilobytes, distance etc...)

– Jurisdiction (local, national, network point, etc... )

– Content based

Rating

Rating

Roaming Calls

RatingEngine

Charging Files

Price Plans Ref Data

Rated Calls

Terminology - What is mediation ?

Me

dia

tion

De

vic

e

NSN Switch

Ericsson SwitchRating

Me

dia

tion

De

vic

e

Ericsson Switch

SMSC

MMSC

GGSN

CDRs in different binary formats

CDRs in ASCII format

Rating&

Billing

Terminology - What is ASN.1 ?

Abstract Syntax Notation No. 1

� International Standard for describing the syntax of information data defined by ITU.defined by ITU.

� ASN.1 is an abstract description languages for data structures.

� Encoding Rules describe the rules for encoding/decoding of data defined using ASN.1.

� BER (Basic Encoding Rules) is one of many possible endoding rules.

� BER is used for coding of Charging Records.

Relationship ASN.1-Binary Data

0 H‘E181A3C2

20 H‘0100C301

40 H‘50F1C708

En

co

din

g R

ule

s

BillingRecord ::=

[PRIVATE 1]

IMPLICIT SEQUENCE

{40 H‘50F1C708

60 H‘88611591

80 H‘15F0DD08

100 H‘88615911

120 H‘05DC0316

140 H‘2008D102

En

co

din

g R

ule

s

{

recordType

RecordType,

callTransactionType

CallTransactionType,

servedPartyIdentity

ServedPartyIdentity,

chargingTimeData

ChargingTimeData,


Billing: Transforming rated usage & other subscriber related features into money units, and bundling into an invoice.

� Calculates the charge for which the user will be billed.

� Collection of all rated calls that have been stored over the past 30 days.� Collection of all rated calls that have been stored over the past 30 days.

� Adding any promotions and discounts that are associated with the customer account (e.g. volume discount).

� In addition, taxes and credits are applied.

� Formatting and output of billing data according to desired record and/or file format.

Billing

FormatBilling Engine

Invoices

Rated CallsPrice Plans

Ref Data

InvoicesBills in intermediate

Format

� Discounts and Credits:

� Cross product discounts (bundling)

� Minimum guaranteed usage

� Volume discounts

� Commitment contracts


� When the billing job is complete, a file is created that includes all of the customer's information.

Invoicing: Transforming billing data into invoices.

� This file is sent to a print house to be converted to paper invoices.

� These invoices are then stuffed into envelopes, along with specific inserts targeted to the customer.


� In the case of roaming users, the accounting function is responsible for apportioning

Accounting: Calculation of inter-operator charges (how different operators get paid from one another according to a roaming agreement).

� In the case of roaming users, the accounting function is responsible for apportioning charges between the home environment, the serving network, and the user, and then calculating the portion that is due to each operator.

� The billing record concerning a roaming user is forwarded to its home network operator using the transferred account procedure (TAP) and a specific TAP format.

� The transfer of TAP records between the visited and the home mobile networks may be performed directly, or via a clearing house. Clearinghouses are independent business players responsible for TAP records creation and tariffing

� The calculation of apportioning revenue between the operators normally happens once per month.

Terminology- Telco & IP worlds

Overall process

NetworkProduct-, tariff-& discountadministration

Rating

CDR-CollectionData base

Product data

Tariff data

Usage dataC

usto

mer d

ata

Reminder

Customer admin. &information

Paymentmanagement

Billing

Rated usage data

Invoices

Tariff data

Discount data

Accounts

Custo

mer d

ata

Content



� Charging scenarios� Charging scenarios




� What is CAMEL ?

Call components

Five basic call components:• Originating call component• Terminating call component• Roaming call components• Call Forward call component• Transit call component

MSC�� PSTN�

MOC to PSTN, VMSC = GMSC

�� PSTN

MOCRecord

MSC A(VMSC)�� PSTN

MSC B(GMSC)

�

MOC to PSTN, VMSC <> GMSC

(VMSC)�� (GMSC)

MOCRecord

TRANSITRecord

MSC B(VMSC)

PSTNMSC A(GMSC)

��

HLR

�

MTC from PSTNVMSC <> GMSC

(VMSC)(GMSC)

MTCRecord

ROAMINGRecord

��

DiscardMTC Record

��

HLR

��

Mobile to Mobile Call(VMSC A <> VMSC B)

MSC BMSC A

MTCRecord

ROAMINGRecord

��A-Party B-Party

MOCRecord

PSTNMSC

(GMSC)

HLR

OtherPLMN

VLR�

MTC from PSTNRoaming B-Party

PSTN(GMSC)

ROAMINGRecord

��

PLMN

Roaming B-Party

PSTN

VMSC��

VLRRoaming

B-Party

�

MTC from PSTN,B-Party is foreign Roamer

OtherPLMN HLR

GMSC MTCRecord

MSC BMSC A ��

HLR

��

Call Forwarding Unconditionalto Mobile Subscriber

MSC BMSC A

MTCRecord

��A-Party

C-Party

ROAMINGRecord

Call Forw.Record

MOCRecord

��

HLR

��

Call Forwarding Conditionalto Mobile Subscriber

MSC B MSC CMSC A

MTCRecord

��A-Party

C-Party

Call Forw.RecordMOC

RecordROAMING

Record

ROAMINGRecord

Ticket correlation

010111011010

010111011010

010111011010

Tickets of MSC A

Tickets of MSC B

Tickets of MSC C

Billing Center

Content







� What is CAMEL ?

Intelligent Network Background

� Traditionally Services are provided in the switches

� Introduction of a new supplementary service requires:– the modification of the basic call process

– introduction of service program (logic)

– introduction of service data (e.g. translation tables)

LogicData Logic

Data

LogicData

LogicData

Service 1

Service 2

Service 3

LogicData

Service 2

Service 1Service 3

Service 1

Service 1

PLMN

Intelligent Network Definition

� "The Intelligent Network (IN) is a control architecture for telecommunication network services.

� Intelligence is taken out of the switch and placed in computer nodes that are distributed nodes that are distributed throughout the network.

� This provides the network operator with the possibility to develop and control services more efficiently.

� New services can be rapidly introduced into the network.

� Services are easily customized to meet customer's needs.

� Control unit in the switch executes the Basic Call Process (BCP), which provides basic switching capabilities, and triggers the execution of IN services by means of software hooks.

Some IN based services

� Abbreviated Dialling (ABD)

� Account Card Calling (ACC)

� Call Distribution (CD)

� Call Forwarding (CF)

� Call Rerouting Distribution (CRD)

� Premium Rate (PRM)

� Security Screening (SEC)

� Selective Call Forward on Busy/Don´t Answer (SCF)

� Split Charging (SPL)� Call Rerouting Distribution (CRD)

� Credit Card Calling (CCC)

� Destination Call Routing (DCR)

� Follow-me Diversion (FMD)

� Freephone (FPH)

� Malicious Call Identification (MCI)

� Mass Calling (MAS)

� Televoting (VOT)

� Terminating Call Screening (TCS)

� Universal Access Number (UAN)

� Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT)

� User-Defined Routing (UDR)

� Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Number translation service Free phone

0800 4567

022 84599

030 33445

Typical Use Cases� Service Hotline� Reservation Hotline� Information Hotline� :

Main Features� Single number� Reverse charging� Call forwarding on busy/no answer� Time dependent routing� Origin dependent routing� Call distribution� Subscriber-specific announcement� Authentication

A B

IN030 33445

040 77445x

Number translation serviceUniversal access number

Main Features

Typical Use Cases� Booking, Ordering Service� Mail Order Business� Ticket Line� :

Main Features� Single number� Split charging� Call forwarding on busy/no answer� Time dependent routing� Origin dependent routing� Selection code dep. routing� Call distribution� Subscriber-specific announcement

Televoting

!

Every 1000th caller will receive a price!

Typical Use Cases� Game Shows� TV / Movie Selections� Opinion Polls� :

Main Features� Mass-call / pre-counting� Split charging� Selection code dep. routing� Call selection –

Key Quota dependent routing� Counter snapshot

Prepaid Card Serive

IN Logic

Subscriber’s accounts

1The subscriber recharges (refills) his account with units MSISDN = 0944 222 333

own MSISDN = 0944 222 333

Call setup

2

Is there enough money on the account of subscriber with MSISD = 0944 222 333

3

There is money for a granted timeof 3 minutes and 47 seconds

4

Call setup5

6Answer

MSCMSCMSCMSC0

3

6

9

7

Start of timer

IN based services

� Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT)– This service provides personal mobility by enabling a user to initiate

any type of service and receive any type of call on the basis of a unique and personal network-independent number, across multiple networks, at any user-network access (fixed, moveable or mobile), irrespective of geographic location, limited only by terminal and irrespective of geographic location, limited only by terminal and network capabilities.

� Virtual Private Network (VPN)– This service permits to build a private network by using the public

network resources. The subscriber´s lines, connected on different network switches, constitute a virtual PABX, including a number of PABX capabilities, such as private numbering plan (PNP), call transfer, call hold, and so on.

IN based services

� Call Distribution (CD)– This service allows a subscriber to have incoming calls routed to

different destinations, according to an allocation law which may be real-time managed by the subscriber.

– Three types may exist: circular, percentage, hierarchical

� Call Rerouting Distribution (CRD)– This service permits the subscriber to have his incoming calls

encountering a triggering condition (busy, specified number of rings, queue overload or call limiter) rerouted according to a predefined choice: the calls may be rerouted to another destination number (including pager or vocal box), rerouted on a standard or customized

announcement, or queued.

IN based services

� Account Card Calling (ACC)– This service allows the caller to be automatically charged on a

telephone account subscribed with the network operator, for any type of outgoing call. The caller has to dial his card number and a PIN, of outgoing call. The caller has to dial his card number and a PIN, then the called number.

� Premium Rate (PRM)– This service allows to pay back a part of the call cost to the called

party, considered as an added value service provider.

Classical IN ArchitectureITU-T Recommendations Q.1205

SMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAF

SMFSMFSMFSMF

SCEFSCEFSCEFSCEF

SCEFSCEFSCEFSCEF

SCFSCFSCFSCFSDFSDFSDFSDF

SMAPSMAPSMAPSMAP SMPSMPSMPSMP SCEPSCEPSCEPSCEP

Functional Entities (FEs)CCF Call Control FunctionSCF Service Control FunctionSDF Service Data FunctionSRF Service Resource FunctionSSF Service Switching FunctionSMF Service Management FunctionSCEF Service Creation EnvironmentSMAF Service Management Access

Function

Functional Entities (FEs)CCF Call Control FunctionSCF Service Control FunctionSDF Service Data FunctionSRF Service Resource FunctionSSF Service Switching FunctionSMF Service Management FunctionSCEF Service Creation EnvironmentSMAF Service Management Access

Function

Physical Entities (PEs)Physical Entities (PEs)SCFSCFSCFSCF

SDFSDFSDFSDF

SDFSDFSDFSDF

SCFSCFSCFSCF

SDFSDFSDFSDF

SCPSCPSCPSCP

SDPSDPSDPSDP

ADADADAD

IPIPIPIP

SNSNSNSN

SSPSSPSSPSSP

Signaling NetworkSignaling NetworkSignaling NetworkSignaling Network

SRFSRFSRFSRF

SSFSSFSSFSSFCCFCCFCCFCCF

SCFSCFSCFSCFSSFSSFSSFSSF

CCFCCFCCFCCF SDFSDFSDFSDF

SRFSRFSRFSRF

Physical Entities (PEs)SSP Service Switching PointSCP Service Control PointSDP Service Data PointIP Intelligent PeripheralSMP Service Management PointSCEP Service Creation PointAD AdjunctSN Services NodeSSCP Service switching and control pointSMAP Service Access management Point

Physical Entities (PEs)SSP Service Switching PointSCP Service Control PointSDP Service Data PointIP Intelligent PeripheralSMP Service Management PointSCEP Service Creation PointAD AdjunctSN Services NodeSSCP Service switching and control pointSMAP Service Access management Point

Management, Provisioning & ControlManagement, Provisioning & Control

TransportTransportSignallingSignallingSignallingSignalling FEFE

Optional FEOptional FE

SSFSSFSSFSSFCCFCCFCCFCCF

Intelligent Network Terminology

Functional Entity Definition Related products

Call Control Access Function (CCAF) Provides the means for user to access the CCF; handles call setup, termination, hold-on etc... can also provide user with CLASS (Custom Local Area Signalling Services) properties

Service Switching Point (SSP), Network Access Point (NAP)

Call Control Function (CCF) Provides the means for establishing and controlling bearer services on behalf network users; the CCF refers to call and connection handling in classical sense

Service Switching Point (SSP)

Service Switching Function (SSF) Provides the means to recognise calls requiring IN service processing, and to interact with call processing and service logic on behalf of these calls

Service Switching Point (SSP)

on behalf of these calls

Service Control Function (SCF) Provides the logical control applied to a call requiring IN service and handles service related processing activities, e.g. analysis translattion, screenig, routing; in other words the SCF contains the IN service logic

Service Control Point (SCP), adjuct (AD), Service Node (SN)

Service Data Function (SDF) Handles the access to service-related and network data and provides a logical view of the data to the SCF

Service Control Point (SCP), adjuct (AD), Service Node (SN)

Specialised Resource Function (SRF) Provides end-user interaction with the IN-structured network through control over resources such as DTMF receivers, voice, recognation capabilities, protocol conversion, announcements etc.

Service Node (SN), Intelligent Peripheral (IP)

Service Management Function (SMF) Provides service provisioning deployment and management control; the SMF allows access to all IN functional entities for the transfer of information related to service logic and service data

Service Management System (SMS)

Service Creation Environment Function (SCEF)

provides the capability for the creation, verification and testing of new IN services

Service Creation Environment (SCE)

IN Classic architecture

SMP

Service / Subscriber Management

FTAM

Billing

SMPService Management Point:- Administration

VoMS

IN CommanderAlarm Management

HLR/AC MAP

SCP

BSS

MSSPMobile Service Switching Point:- Detects IN call and routes to SCP

MSSP

MSC/VLR

INAP/CAP

SCPService Control Point:- Service logic execution (PPS, VPN,..)- IN data base

Voucher Management System

Online

Customer Care

IN-Functional UnitsSCP (Service Control Point)

� Central Network Element for IN-Platform.

� It is usually triggered by the SSP using the appropriate INAP or CAP operation.

� Processing of SSP requests.

� Handle the call processing

� Contains and executes the service

SMP


FTAM

BillingBilling

VoMSVoMS


� Contains and executes the service logic & data.

� Routing of IN calls according to the control data of the service subscriber or service customer and the caller.

� Requesting the status and the location of mobile subscribers from HLR to provide sophisticated call routing.

� Direct dialogue only in case of ATI.

HLR/ACHLR/AC MAP

SCP

BSSBSS

MSSP

MSC/VLR

MSSP

MSC/VLR

INAP/CAP

VoMSVoMSManagement


Online

Customer CareCustomer Care

IN-Functional UnitsSSP (Service Switching Point)

� Serves as a gateway linking the Intelligent Network with the PSTN or PLMN and vice versa.

� Communication Between SSP and SCP is assured via the INAP protocol, and the CAMEL

SMP


FTAM

BillingBilling


INAP protocol, and the CAMEL for international roaming service.

� SSP recognizes an IN service request and forwards it to the SCP

� Triggering the IN (detecting a call as an IN call).

� Writing of charge tickets (AMA tickets) & if required IN AMA tickets.

HLR/ACHLR/AC MAP

SCP

BSSBSS

MSSP

MSC/VLR

MSSP

MSC/VLR

INAP/CAP

VoMSVoMSManagement


Online

Customer CareCustomer Care

USSD based recharging

*1818*12345678901234#

SCP

Voucher ID

Voucher OK, Recharge account, write ticket, send USSD

Voucher ID

HLR/AC

VoMS

Voucher

Online CommunicationTo VoMS

Recharging Rp. Xxxxxxx

successful,

Account balance Rp. Yyyyyyyyy,

Expired on <Date>

Voucher ID(12345678901234)Voucher status,

amount, Expiry Date

Sample IN Call

SCP Service Control Point

Online ChargingProcessing of

statistics information

Call setup to

Checking Account 4

3 Account ok !

Online Accountupdate

10

Service trigger

IN call routing Billing

Exchange(B-party)

MSC (A-party)

PLMN/ PSTN / ISDN

B-party(called party)

SSP Service Switching Point

A-party dials011 5555443

Call setup to destination no.

6

Generation of billing record9

Inquiry to SCP3

Detection of CSI 2

Call from service user

1

Normal call routing + setup

7

Account ok !Granted Time5

End of call8

On-line charging procedure

(1) Tariffing� Determination of actual tariff out

of tariff model� Calculation of the granted time

with respect to• current account• tariff switches

(3) On-line charging� SSP sends Report (ACR) :

� Information about call status�intermediate (every 30')�final (at call release)

� Call duration� Release cause

1

3

• tariff switches

(2) Apply Charging (AC) :� Based on Granted time, SSP controls used airtime

and releases call when used airtime = granted time

� Release cause1

2

Content







� What is CAMEL ?

Roaming - Basic Definition

PLMN-1

PLMN-2

Roaming - Complex Scenario

PLMN-1

PSTN-1

PLMN-2

PSTN-2

International Carrier

Roaming related terms

� Roaming agreement: In order that a subscriber is able to "latch" on to a visited network, a roaming agreement needs to be in place between the visited network and the home network.

� This agreement is established after a series of testing processes called IREG and TADIG testings..

� The Inter-Working Roaming Expert Group (IREG) specifies technical, � The Inter-Working Roaming Expert Group (IREG) specifies technical, operational and performance issues supporting international roaming.

� The IREG testing is to test the proper functioning of the established communication links between 2 operators.

� Many recommendations are dedicated to the different technologies:– IR24 (voice) – IR32 CAMEL – IR35 GPRS – IR27 video telephony


� The usage by a subscriber in a visited network is captured in a file called the TAP (Transferred Account Procedure) file and is transferred to the home network (CIBER (Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer) for CDMA.

� A TAP file contains details of the calls made by the subscriber (e.g. visited location, calling party, called party, time of call and duration, etc).

� The TAP files are rated as per the tariffs charged by the visited operator. The � The TAP files are rated as per the tariffs charged by the visited operator. The home operator then bills these calls to its subscribers and may charge a mark-up/tax applicable locally.


� The Transferred Account Data Interchange Group (TADIG) develops and maintains data interchange specifications, producing format specifications, testing procedures, supporting material and recommending transfer mechanisms, for TAP, RAEX (Roaming Agreement EXchange), AA.14 and IR.21. TADIG is also responsible for the requirements for the TTT (TAP Testing Toolkit).

� The TADIG testing is to check the billability of the calls.

Special Drawing Rights (SDR)

Composition of basket (value of 1 XDR)

January 2006 - December 2010

ISO Currency Weight Value

USDUSDUSDUSD US Dollar 44% $ 0.6320USDUSDUSDUSD US Dollar 44% $ 0.6320

EUREUREUREUR European Euros 34% € 0.4100

JPYJPYJPYJPY Japanese Yen 11% ¥ 18.4

GBPGBPGBPGBP British Pound 11% £ 0.0903

903.04.1841.0632.0GBP

SYP

JPY

SYP

EUR

SYP

USD

SYP

SDR

SYP+++=

Multi-operator Roaming RelationshipsMatrix Scenario

Operator

1

Operator

2

Operator

3

Operator

4

Operator

5

Operator

6

Operator

7

Operator

8

Multi-operator Roaming RelationshipsClearing House Solution

Operator

1

Operator

2

Operator

3

Operator

4

Operator

5

Operator

6

Operator

7

Operator

8

Clearinghouse

Function of a Clearing House

VisitedNetwork

HomeNetwork

ClearinghouseTAP files

1

CorrectTAP files

3

Validation report

2

Network Network1

TAP: Transferred Account Procedure

3

Payment for calls

5

Inter-PLMN invoice4

Content







� What is CAMEL ?

Why is signaling needed?

� To negotiate parameters of a session between two or more parties for a call– to locate the other parties (one is the initiator)– to figure out whether the other party wishes to communicate– to agree technical parameters for communication

� In circuit networks to reserve, to keep track of all circuit resources for the call and to release the resources after the calland to release the resources after the call

� In packet networks to reserve, keep track and release logical and physical resources for the session

– Ports, holes in Firewalls, media processors, processes– To manage Quality of Service

ISUP communication (MOC)

IAM: Initial Address Message

SAM: Subsequent Address Message

ACM: Address Complete

ANM: Answer

REL: Release

RLC: Release Complete

OSI vs. Signalling System 7

ISUP

Signalling System 7

MAP INAP

TCAP UserPart

MTP Level 2

MTP Level 1

SCCP

MTP Level 3

Part

L3

L2

L1

SS7 Protocol Components

TUP ISDN-UP

TCAP

INAP MAP OMAPDUP

Support of dialogs

Assemble of messages and their parameters for dialog between SSP and SCP (IN)

Assemble of messages and their parameters for dialog between exchanges

Assemble of messages and their parameters for dialog between MSC and HLR (and SCP and HLR)

MTP

SCCP

Signalling Network Functions

Signalling Link Functions

Physical / Electrical FunctionsLine Coding, Modulation, Multiplexing,Signal Levels

Transmission Fault Handling

Addressing and Routing

Enhanced inter-network Addressing and Routing; Segmentation; Connectionless and Connection-oriented services

Prepaid Card Service - Call flow

A-Party MSC/SSP

request (CdPA, CgPA)

SCP

Invoke service logic:

Subscriber ok ?

Account ok ?

CdPA, CgPA Subscriber data?

VLR..., PPS-subscr.

IN-Trigger

SS7-

Comp.

Account ok ?

Tarif

Granted time, CdPA

Connection Setup

(CdPA, CgPA)

Voice connection

Release Release

Used time

ISUP

INAP

MAP

Content







� What is CAMEL ?

SCM (Service Class Mark)

� To distinguish between the services, SSP signals a number to the SCP called "Service Key".

� Service Class Mark SCM in HLR

� Combination of "SCP address" and "Service Key" leads to a data record in SSP called

MSC SSP

SCP

INAP

Key" leads to a data record in SSP called "Trigger Profile" (M-SSP).

� SCM is Siemens solution for IN –Dialogue.

� SCM is a special digit sequence.

� MSC: Prefixes SCM and routes the call to an M-SSP for IN handling

� SCM for MOC is put in front of numbers dialed, and SCM for MTC is put in front of the A number.

MSC SSP

IntegratedMSC / SSP

A (9999)

dials B(4444)

Problem with SCM

� Digit sequence of the SCM is up to the Network Operators only.

� Subscribed IN Services With SCM are only effective with in the Home-PLMN of the Subscribed subscriber.

Weakness of INAP:We have- German INAP- French INAP- Russian NAP- ….subscriber.

� Is not secured by the international standard.

� HLR can not send SCM in a foreign PLMN (Not identified in foreign PLMN or results of the digit analysis of the SCM in foreign PLMN will be unsure).

- ….

SCP

SSP

Guten Tag, …

Qu’est-ce que …?

They do not understand each other !

Roaming by Means of USSD based Callback

SSPMSC

2

3

MAP Dialogue

2

VLR

HLR

MS sends an USSD string MSC/VLR,

for example:

MS sends an USSD string MSC/VLR,

for example:

MSC/VLR relays USSD string towards HLR (in HPLMN)

MSC/VLR relays USSD string towards HLR (in HPLMN)

HLR receives USSD string and relays it to SCP

HLR receives USSD string and relays it to SCP

SCP returns response to HLR, HLR returns that

SCP returns response to HLR, HLR returns that MSC

Home

PLMN

Visited

PLMN

CSE

(SCP)

roaming

subscriber

SSP

GMSC

1

3

4

5

SINAP Dialogue

3

4

5

43

VLR

adaptedfunctionality

USSD relayfunction

USSDHandler

HLR

for example: ‘**135*00491715000102#’

SAC =135

CdPA=00491715000102

for example: ‘**135*00491715000102#’

SAC =135

CdPA=00491715000102

HLR returns that response to MSC/VLR, MSC/VLR returns response to MS

HLR returns that response to MSC/VLR, MSC/VLR returns response to MS

Call setup to A-PartyCall setup to A-Party

Call setup to B-PartyCall setup to B-Party

UCB charging scenarios

HPLMNHPLMN VPLMNVPLMN

A in HPLMN Calls B in VPLMNA in HPLMN Calls B in VPLMN


A in VPLMN Calls B in HPLMNA in VPLMN Calls B in HPLMN

CgPA (A) : National Leg

CdPA (B) : One International Leg

CgPA (A) : National Leg


AA

GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC

BB BB

GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC

AA

CgPA (A) : One International Leg + One National Leg

CdPA (B) : Nothing

CgPA (A) : One International Leg + One National Leg

CdPA (B) : Nothing

UCB charging scenarios

A in VPLMN Calls B in VPLMNA in VPLMN Calls B in VPLMN B in VPLMN Calls A in VPLMNB in VPLMN Calls A in VPLMN

CgPA (A) : Two International Legs

CdPA (B) : Nothing

CgPA (A) : Two International Legs

CdPA (B) : Nothing

BB


GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC

AA

CgPA (A) : One International Leg


CgPA (A) : One International Leg



BB

GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC

AA

Alternative solution (CAMEL)

CAMEL Aspects:

• Multi-vendor applications

HLR

HPLMN

CAMEL = Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic

applications

• International Roaming

• Standard Architecture

• MAP & INAP-Enhancements

SCPMSSP

VPLMN

IN Service supported

CAP

MSSPSSP

Roaming Camelsubscriber

Basic State Call Model

� Points in Call (PICs) represent a call processing state to the service logic, i.e. a running procedure in the basic call process.

� PICs are characterised by:– entry event

– exit event

DP

PIC

Entry

Event

exit event

– processing performed within the PIC

– information available at the exit of the PIC

� Detection Points (DPs) are points between the PICs at which the call processing may be suspended in order to invoke actions of the service logic, i.e. ask for new instructions resp. data before the call processing continues or send a notification to the service logic.

DP

PIC

Exit

Event

Basic State Call Model

Collected_InfoDP 2

O_Null & ...DP 10 O_Exception

O_Abandon

Analyze_Information Invalid_Information

CAMEL Ph 1

CAMEL Ph 2

CAMEL Ph 3

Routing & Alerting

O_Active

DP 7

DP 4

DP 5

DP 6

DP 9

O_AnswerO_Disconnect

Route_Select_Failure

O_Busy

O_No_Answer

O_routing_and_alerting_failure

O_active_failure

DP 3 Analyzed_Info

BCSM: Basic Call State Model

CAMEL Phase 2 International Roaming

SSPMSCVLRHome Visited

CSE(SCP)

2

CAP

Dialogue

Send Initial Detection

Point (IDP)

Send Initial Detection

Point (IDP)

MSCVLRHomePLMN

VisitedPLMN

Roaming

Subscriber

SSPMSCHLR

SSPGMSC

1

3

4

5

Subscriber dials

number

Subscriber dials

number

Receive ConnectReceive Connect

Connect to B-party via Gateway MSCConnect to B-party via Gateway MSC

charging & billing -basic terms and concepts

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