chapter01 overview

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TRNG H CNG NGH THNG TIN

KHOA K THUT MY TNH

He ieu Hanh

(Operating Systems)

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He ieu Hanh

Thi gian:

- L thuyt: 45 tit

- Thc hnh: 30 tit

im s:

- im thi gia k: 30%

- im thc hnh: 20%

- im thi cui HK: 50% Khoa K thut my tnh

GV: ThS. H L Hoi Trung

Email: [email protected]

https://sites.google.com/site/trunghlhitu/he-dhieu-

hanh/hk2-2013-2014

Module

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Ti liu tham kho

1. Trn Hnh Nhi, L Khc Nhin n. Gio trnh h iu hnh. Trung tm pht trin cng ngh thng tin-HQG.HCM, 2005.

2. Nguyn Ph Trng. Gio trnh h iu hnh. H Cn Th, 2005.

3. Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne. Operating System Concepts. Nineth edition, John Wiley & Sons,2013

4. Mark E. Russinovich and David A. Solomon, Microsoft Windows Internals, 4th Edition, Microsoft Press, 2004.

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Ni dung mn hc

Chng 1: Tng quan v h iu hnh

Chng 2: Cu trc H iu hnh

Chng 3: Qun l tin trnh (Processes)

Chng 4: nh thi CPU

Chng 5: ng b ha tin trnh

Chng 6: Tc nghn (Deadlocks)

Chng 7: Qun l b nh

Chng 8: B nh o

c thm tiu lun:

Chng 9: H thng qun l tp tin

Chng 10: H thng qun l nhp/xut

Chng 11: Bo v v an ton h thng

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Hnh thc thi

Thi gia k:

Thi t lun & trc nghim.

ng.

Thi gian lm bi 60-75.

Ni dung thi t chng 1 chng 4. Trong ti liu s 3 chng 1- 2 chim 15%

Thi cui k:

Thi t lun & trc nghim.

ng.

Thi gian lm bi 75-90.

Ni dung Chng 1 chng 8. trong chng 1 4 chim 15%

Bi tp ln

1. https://sites.google.com/site/trunghlhitu/he-dhieu-hanh/project-mini

2. Thc hnh v

nh ngha H iu Hnh?

Hc ci g? Ti sao phi hc HH

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MiniProject

ti 01: Hin thc cc gii thut xp lch CPU: FCFS, SJF, SJF (preemptive & non-preemptive), priority, Round Robin. S dng giao din,minh ha chy tng bc ca cc gii thut

ti 02: o thi gian thc thi ca cc process -ca mi loi process (thi gian trong lc thc thi, thi gian trong lc ch s kin I/O)

ti 03: BootLoader

ti 04: Bin dch 1 kernel c cc chc nngtheo yu cu trn kin trc my ch nh.

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MiniProject

ti 05: Vit 1 system call thm vo h iuhnh.

ti 06: Hin thc c ch giao tip gia cc process vi nhau.

ti 07: Hin thc c ch blocking trong qu trnh giao tip gia cc process

ti 08: Hin thc c ch ng b ca cc process trong h iu hnh Pintos

ti 09: Ci tin Thread trong h iu hnhPintos.

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MiniProject

ti 10: Ci tin cc process chy ch

ngi dng trong h iu hnh Pintos

ti 11: Xy dng b nh o cho h iu

hnh Pintos.

ti 12: Xy dng h thng File cho h iu

hnh Pintos.

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Computing Devices Everywhere

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Chng I:

Tng quan h iu hnh

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1.1. Tong quan

Gii thieu

nh ngha he ieu hanh

Cau truc he thong may tnh

Cac chc nang chnh cua he ieu hanh

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nh ngha

He ieu hanh la g?

Chng trnh trung gian gia phan

cng may tnh va ngi s dung, co

chc nang ieu khien va phoi hp

vec s dung phan cng va cung cap

cac dch vu c ban cho cac ng

dung.

Muc tieu

Giup ngi dung de dang s dung

he thong.

Quan ly va cap phat tai nguyen he

thong mot cach hieu qua.

Phan cng

He ieu Hanh

Cac ng dung

Ngi dung

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nh ngha (tt)

Hnh cua Dror G. Feitelson

System

Physical devices

Microprogramming

Machine language

Operating system

Compilers EditorsCommand

interpreter

Banking

system

Airline

reservationWeb browser Application programs

Hardware

System programs

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Cac thanh phan cua he thong

User

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Cac thanh phan cua he thong (tt)

Phan cng (hardware)

Bao gom cac tai nguyen c ban cua may tnh nh CPU, bo nh, cac

thiet b I/O,...

He ieu hanh (operating system)

Phan phoi tai nguyen, ieu khien va phoi hp cac hoat ong cua cac

chng trnh trong he thong.

Chng trnh ng dung (application programs)

S dung tai nguyen he thong e giai quyet mot van e tnh toan nao o

cua ngi s dung, v du: compilers, database systems, video games,

business programs.

D lieu

Cu trc ca h thng

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Cac chc nang chnh cua OS

Phan chia thi gian x ly va nh thi CPU

Phoi hp va ong bo hoat ong gia cac processes

(coordination & synchronization)

Quan ly tai nguyen he thong (thiet b I/O, bo nh, file cha d

lieu,)

Thc hien va kiem soat access control, protection

Duy tr s nhat quan (integrity) cua he thong, kiem soat loi va

phuc hoi he thong khi co loi (error recovery)

Cung cap giao dien lam viec cho users

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Cc dng HH

Same machine, different operating systems:

IBM PC: DOS, Linux, NeXTSTEP, Windows, SCO Unix

DEC VAX: VMS, Ultrix-32, 4.3 BSD UNIX

Same OS, different machines: UNIX

PC (XENIX 286, APPLE A/UX)

CRAY-Y/MP (UNICOS - AT&T Sys V)

IBM 360/370 (Amdahl UNIX UTS/580, IBM UNIX AIX/ESA)

Windows NT, XP, 2000, 2003

Intel i386 (i486 an NT 4.0), Alpha, PowerPC, MIPS, Itanium

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1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH

Di gc loi my tnh

H iu hnh dnh cho my MainFrame

H iu hnh dnh cho my Server

H iu hnh dnh cho my nhiu CPU

H iu hnh dnh cho my tnh c nhn (PC)

H iu hnh dnh cho my PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)

H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit

H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)

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Di gc s chng trnh c s dng cng lc

H iu hnh n nhim

H iu hnh a nhim

Di gc ngi dng (truy xut ti nguyn cng lc)

Mt ngi dng

Nhiu ngi dng

Mng ngang hng

Mng c my ch: LAN, WAN, ...


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Di gc hnh thc x l

H thng x l theo l

H thng chia s

H thng song song

H thng phn tn

H thng x l thi gian thc


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HE THONG X LY N CHNG

n chng- Tac vu c thi hanh tuan t.

- Bo giam sat thng trc,

- CPU va cac thao tac nhap xuat,

- X ly offline,

- ong bo hoa cac thao tac ben ngoai - Spooling

(Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line)

Nhap XuatMay tnh

chnh


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HE THONG X LY A CHNG

Bo x ly Ket thuc tac vu

Tac vuI/O

Nhieu tac vu san sang thi hanh cung mot thi iem.

Khi mot tac vu thc hien I/O, bat au tac vu khac.

Bo x ly va thiet b thi hanh toan thi gian.


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Multiprogrammed systems

Nhieu cong viec c nap ong thi vao bo nh chnh

Khi mot tien trnh thc hien I/O, mot tien trnh khac c thc thi

Tan dung c thi gian ranh, tang hieu suat s dung CPU (CPU utilization)

Yeu cau oi vi he ieu hanhnh thi cong viec (job scheduling):

chon job trong job pool tren a va nap

no vao bo nh e thc thi.

Quan ly bo nh (memory management)nh thi CPU (CPU scheduling)Cap phat tai nguyen (a, may in,)Bao ve


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HE THONG CHIA XE THI GIAN

He thong a nhiem (multitasking).

Lap lch CPU.

Thi gian chuyen oi gia cac tac vu rat ngan.

Bo x ly


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Time-sharing systems

Multiprogrammed systems khong cung cap kha nang

tng tac hieu qua vi users

CPU luan phien thc thi gia cac cong viec

Moi cong viec c chia mot phan nho thi gian CPU

(time slice, quantum time)

Cung cap tng tac gia user va he thong vi thi

gian ap ng (response time) nho (1 s)

Mot cong viec ch c chiem CPU khi no nam trong bo

nh chnh.

Khi can thiet, mot cong viec nao o co the c chuyen

t bo nh chnh ra thiet b lu tr (swapping), nhng bo

nh chnh cho cong viec khac.


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Yeu cau oi vi OS trong he thong time-sharing

nh thi cong viec (job scheduling)

Quan ly bo nh (memory management)

Virtual memory

Quan ly cac qua trnh (process management)

nh thi CPU

ong bo cac qua trnh (synchronization)

Giao tiep gia cac qua trnh (process communication)

Tranh deadlock

Quan ly he thong file, he thong lu tr

Cap phat hp ly cac tai nguyen

Bao ve (protection)


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HE THONG A X LY

Bo

x ly

Bo

x ly

Bo nh chnh

Hai hoac nhieu bo x ly cung chia se mot bo nh.

Master/Slave : mot bo x ly chnh kiem soat mot so bo x ly I/O


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He thong song song (parallel, multiprocessor, hay tightly-

coupled system)

Nhieu CPU

Chia se computer bus, clock

u iem

Nang xuat he thong (System throughput): cang nhieu

processor th cang nhanh xong cong viec

Multiprocessor system t ton kem hn multiple single-

processor system: v co the dung chung tai nguyen

(a,)

o tin cay: khi mot processor hong th cong viec cua

no c chia se gia cac processor con lai

HE THONG A X LY

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Phan loai he thong song song

a x ly oi xng (symmetric multiprocessor - SMP)

Moi processor van hanh mot identical copy cua he ieu

hanh

Cac copy giao tiep vi nhau khi can

(Windows NT, Solaris 5.0, Digital UNIX, OS/2, Linux)

a x ly bat oi xng (asymmetric multiprocessor)

Moi processor thc thi mot cong viec khac nhau

Master processor nh thi va phan cong viec cho cac

slave processors

(SunOS 4.0)

HE THONG A X LY

Symmetric Multiprocessing

Architecture

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HE THONG PHAN TAN

Nhieu may tnh lien ket vi nhau bang ng truyen thong ac biet.

Tng t he thong a x ly nhng khong chia xe bo nh.

Giao tiep mang

Bo x ly

Bo nh

He thong may tnh 1

Giao tiep mang

Bo x ly

Bo nh

He thong may tnh 2

Mang


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He thong phan tan (distributed system, loosely-coupled

system)

Moi processor co bo nh rieng, cac processor giao tiep qua cac kenh noi nh mang, bus toc o cao

Ngi dung ch thay mot he thong n nhat

u iem

Chia se tai nguyen (resource sharing)

Chia se sc manh tnh toan (computational sharing)

o tin cay cao (high reliability)

o san sang cao (high availability): cac dch vu cua he thong c cung cap lien tuc cho du mot thanh phan

hardware tr nen hong

HE THONG PHAN TAN

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He thong phan tan (tt)

Cac mo hnh he thong phan tan

Client-server

Server: cung cap dch vu

Client: co the s dung dch vu cua server

Peer-to-peer (P2P)

Cac peer (may tnh trong he thong) eu ngang hang nhau

Khong co c s d lieu tap trung

Cac peer la t tr

Vd: Gnutella

HE THONG PHAN TAN

Cluster

Asymmetric clustering (bt ng b)

Symmetric clustering (ng b)

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He thong thi gian thc

(real-time system)

He thong thi gian thc (real-time system)

S dung trong cac thiet b chuyen dung nh ieu khien cac th nghiem khoa hoc, ieu khien trong y khoa, day chuyen cong nghiep, thiet b

gia dung, quan s

Rang buoc ve thi gian: hard va soft real-time

Phan loai

Hard real-time

Han che (hoac khong co) bo nh phu, tat ca d lieu nam trong bo

nh chnh (RAM hoac ROM)

Yeu cau ve thi gian ap ng/x ly rat nghiem ngat, thng s

dung trong ieu khien cong nghiep, robotics,

Soft real-time

Thng c dung trong lnh vc multimedia, virtual reality vi

yeu cau mem deo hn ve thi gian ap ng

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Thiet b cam tay (handheld system)

Personal digital assistant (PDA): Palm, Pocket-PC

ien thoai di ong (cellular phones)

ac trng

Bo nh

Toc o processor thap (e t ton pin)

Man hnh hien th co kch thc nho va o phan giai thap.

Co the dung cac cong nghe ket noi nh IrDA, Bluetooth, wireless

Thiet b cam tay

(handheld system)

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1.3. LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA HE IEU HANH

The he 1 (1945 - 1955)- Thiet ke, xay dng, lap trnh, thao tac: eu do 1 nhom ngi

- Lu tren phieu uc lo

The he 2 (1955 - 1965)- Xuat hien s phan cong cong viec

- He thong s ly theo lo ra i, lu tren bang t

- Hoat ong di s ieu khien ac biet cua 1 chng trnh

The he 3 (1965 - 1980)-Ra i he ieu hanh, khai niem a chng

- HH chia se thi gian nh CTSS cua MIT

- MULTICS, UNIX

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1.3. LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA HE IEU HANH

The he 4 (1980 - )-Ra i may tnh ca nhan, IBM PC

- HH MS-DOS, MacOS (Apple Macintosh), MS Windows, OS/1

- Linux, QNX, HH mang,

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Operating Systems Evolution

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Windows And Linux Evolution

Windows and Linux kernels are based on foundations developed in the mid-1970s

1970 1980 1990 2000

1970 1980 1990 2000

(see http://www.levenez.com for diagrams showing history of Windows & Unix)

Todays Operating Systems:Computers Cheap

in thoi thng minh (Smartphones)

H Thng Nhng (Embedded systems)

Laptops

Tablets

My o (Virtual machines)

Data center servers

Tomorrows Operating Systems

Giant-scale data centers

Increasing numbers of processors per

computer

Increasing numbers of computers per user

Very large scale storage

Tng kt

nh ngha HH

Cc chc nng ca HH

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Tng kt

MainFrame

Server

CPU

My tnh c nhn (PC)

PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)

H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit

H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)

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Tng kt

H thng x l theo l

H thng chia s

H thng song song

H thng phn tn

H thng x l thi gian thc

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chapter01 overview

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