CHAPTER FIVE

INFRASTRUCTURES

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

CHAPTER FIVE

INFRASTRUCTURES

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

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CHAPTER OVERVIEW

SECTION 5.1 – MIS INFRASTRUCTURE• The Business Benefits of a Solid MIS Infrastructure• Supporting Operations: Information MIS Infrastructure• Supporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure

SECTION 5.2 – BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURES• MIS and the Environment• Supporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS

Infrastructure

SECTION 5.1

MIS INFRASTRUCTURES

SECTION 5.1

MIS INFRASTRUCTURES

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Explain MIS infrastructure and its three primary types

2. Identify the three primary areas associated with an information MIS infrastructure

3. Describe the characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure

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THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

MIS infrastructure – Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets• Hardware• Software• Network• Client• Server

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THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

Supporting operations• Information MIS infrastructure

Supporting change• Agile MIS Infrastructure

Supporting the environment• Sustainable MIS infrastructure

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SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

Backup and recovery plan Disaster recovery plan Business continuity plan

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Backup and Recovery Plan

Backup – An exact copy of a system’s information

Recovery – The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure• Fault tolerance• Failover• Failback

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Backup and Recovery Plan

Disaster recovery plan - A detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood

Disaster recovery cost curve - Charts (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time

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Backup and Recovery Plan

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Backup and Recovery Plan Hot site - A separate and fully equipped

facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business

Cold site - A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster

Warm site – A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

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Business Continuity Plan

Business continuity planning (BCP) - A plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption

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Business Continuity Plan

Emergency – a sudden unexpected event requiring immediate action

Emergency preparedness – ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner

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Business Continuity Plan

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Business Continuity Plan Business impact analysis – Identifies all critical

business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them

Technology failure – occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage

Incident – Unplanned interruption of a service

Incident management – the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected

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SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure• Accessibility• Availability• Maintainability• Portability• Reliability• Scalability• Usability

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Accessibility

Accessibility - Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system

Web accessibility – Allows people with disabilities to use the Web

Administrator access – Unrestricted access to the entire system

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Availability Availability – Time frames when the

system is operational

Unavailable – Time frames when a system is not operating and cannot be used

High availability – System is continuously operational at all times

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Maintainability

Maintainability – How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes

Organizations must watch today’s business, as well as tomorrow’s, when designing and building systems

Systems must be flexible enough to meet all types of business changes

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Portability

Portability – The ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms

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Reliability Reliability - Ensures a system is

functioning correctly and providing accurate information

Reliability is another term for accuracy when discussing the correctness of systems within the context of efficiency IT metrics

Vulnerability – a system weakness that can be exploited by a threat

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Scalability

Scalability - How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth

Performance - Measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction

Capacity planning - Determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance

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Usability Usability – The degree to which a

system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use

Serviceability – How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability

SECTION 5.2

Building Sustainable MIS Infrastructures

SECTION 5.2

Building Sustainable MIS Infrastructures

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

4. Identify the environmental impacts associated with MIS

5. Explain the three components of a sustainable MIS infrastructures along with their business benefits

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MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Moore’s Law - Refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months

Sustainable, or “green,” MIS - Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment

Corporate social responsibility - Companies’ acknowledged responsibility to society

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MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Three Primary Side Effects Of Businesses’ Expanded Use Of Technology

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Increased Electronic Waste

Ewaste - Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices

Sustainable MIS disposal - Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle

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Increased Energy Consumption

Energy consumption – The amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems

Huge increases in technology use have greatly amplified energy consumption

The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as 10 percent of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an automobile

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Increased Carbon Emissions

Carbon emissions – Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems

When left on continuously, a single desktop computer and monitor can consume at least 100 watts of power per hour

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SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE

The components of a sustainable MIS infrastructure include

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Grid Computing

Grid computing - A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem

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Virtualized Computing

Virtualization - Creates multiple “virtual” machines on a single computing device

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Virtualized Computing

Data center – A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems

Sustainable data centers

• Reduces carbon emissions

• Reduces required floor Space

• Chooses Geographic location

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Cloud Computing

Cloud computing - A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction

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Cloud Computing

Multi-tenancy – The cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers

Single-tenancy – Each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system

Cloud fabric – The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy

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Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing

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LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW

Now that you have finished the chapter please review the learning outcomes in your text