developing a liveable and sustainable urban living … · developing a liveable and sustainable...
TRANSCRIPT
Developing A Liveable And Sustainable Urban Living For All
MYANMAR INFRASTRUCTURES SUMMIT
1ST OF APRIL, 2015
Observations
World population expected to exceed 9 000 000 000 by 2050
More than 50% of the population will live in cities by 2050
Consequences of cities’ growth in developing countries:
Urban explosion over short period of time Unplanned urban patterns Social
problems Environmental and health problems
Introduction Myanmar will face environmental and social challenges:
Climate change Sprawling slums Urbanwater pollution Chaotic traffic and
frightened pedestrians Air pollution and lack of green spaces Poverty and inequity
Congestion in Jakarta
(Indonesia)Traffic congestion cost the city up to US$ 5.2 billion in
2011(Jakarta
Transportation Agency)
What is a sustainable city? Sustainable cities are defined as
those that are environmentally friendly
Green cities are something more!
What is a sustainable city?
Concepts associated with sustainable cities
Eco-district
Urban planning aiming to integrate objectives of "sustainable development" and reducethe ecological footprint of the project.
Industrial ecology
Industry can be a man-made ecosystem that operates in a similar way to naturalecosystems, where the waste or by product of one process is used as an input intoanother process.
Circular economy
Alternative to a traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose) in which we keepresources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them whilst inuse, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of each service life.
Urban farming
Industry that produces, processes and markets food and fuel, within a town, applyingintensive production methods, using and reusing natural resources and urban wastes, toyield a diversity of crops and livestock. (Smith et al.)
What is a sustainable city?
Environmental and social benefits
Job creationPoverty
reduction and social equity
Improvementof quality of
life
Reducingpollution and
improvingpublic health
Ecosystemservices and risk
reduction
What is a sustainable city?
Economic benefits
Reducedcongestion costs
Ex. For Curitiba (Brazil),reduced congestion meansmuch less fuel is wasted intraffic jams: only US$930,000
Agglomerationeconomies
Lower infrastructure and operating costs
Ex. At similar capacity levels, bus rapidtransit (BRT) offers significant costssavings compared to traditional metro. InBogota (Colombia) infrastructure cost forBRT is US$ 0.34 per passenger instead US$2.36 for metro rail
Smart city & sustainable urban planning
The 5Ds strategy relies on five dimensions:
ensityiversityesign
estination accessibilityistance to transit
Urban sprawl : low-density, dispersed, single-use, car dependent (USA)
D
Implementation of urbanplanning
Develop a collectivevision of the futurecity, shared bygovernment andmajor stakeholdersof the civil society
Design a strategicplan to orchestrateurban developmentand chooseappropriatedinstitutional,regulatory and fiscalmeasures
Transition, conception and implementation
Climate Change
Climate change’ massive impact on Myanmar
Increase in temperatures
Shortening of monsoon
Droughts
Sea level rise
Decrease in agricultural productivity
Increase in extreme weather and disasters
Need of mitigation infrastructures
Opt for a low-carbon development (green tech & efficiency)
Threats:
Solution =
Climate change’ mitigation infrastructures
Improving drainage and floods evacuation
“Climate proofing” infrastructures with a legal framework: cyclone &earthquake safety buildings
Promote energy conservation in the residential and commercial building
Coastline protection
Storm-drainage systems
Water supply and treatment plants with protective physicalimprovements
Flood barriers and tsunami-prevention facilities
Waste
Waste issueLimited waste sorting in Myanmar (Dry/ Wet waste)
Citizen initiative: waste collect
Lack of services
Opportunities:
Waste can be a resourceDevelopment or installation of aggregation andsorting facilities in communal bins (glass, plastic,food, metal, paper). Use of these wastes to recycleor produce energy.
Implementation of volume based waste feesystem for non recycled materials (private bins)
Waste infrastructures
Creating of waste treatment plant and/or recycling plant at city andtownship level (SME)
Developing collecting trucks adapted to inner township street size
Developing bins in the streets, building collectors (organic, glass, paper,cardboard, plastics…) and use these wastes to recycle or produceenergy
Implementation of volume based waste fee system for the non recycledmaterials (private bins)
Water
WaterImprove water supply and provideclean water for all
Prevent drinking water form wastecontamination
Community management
Sewage and sanitation system
Remove and drain water fromflooding: flood control andprevention schemes
Upgrading and replacement ofpipes contributes to net savings of20% of potable water
Early warning flood systems
Water infrastructures Sewage waters need to be
collected and should not be released into the
environment(rivers, sea, farmings)
Septic tanks, drain field or one sitetreatment unit
To be connected through pipes to asewage treatment plant
Detention basins to remove waterfrom inundated area
Rain water harvesting: Storm water isre-used for toilet flushing, washing-machines and irrigation in gardens
Buildings
BuildingsSustainable tropical building design principles are the application of the previous parts:
Energy and emissions
Passive design measures to maximise
natural ventilation, cooling and lighting
Maximal energy
efficiency
Renewable energy
generation systems
Public transport access to the
building
Water and wastewater
Maximal water
efficiency
Alternative water sources
to reduce potable water consumption
Indoor environment
quality
Air-handling and
temperature control systems
Access to natural light
for work area
Waste and construction
materials
Material with lower embodied
energy and environmental
impacts
Maximal reuse and recycling of
construction and demolition waste
Adequate space for recycling,
waste storage and composting
Buildings solutions
Heat Tinted windows, roof garden, natural ventilation system, insulation
Energy Photovoltaic and solar panels to exploit the important radiation, efficient air-conditioning
Water Solar hot water, rain water tanks, recycled water, management of storm water(rain gardens, retaining storm water on site)
Waste Composting devices to use important amount of food wastes, recycling bins
Materials Recycled, low ecological impact
Natural disaster resilience
Sustainable buildings both reduce their energy consumption and produce their own energy
= Climate proofing
Transports
TransportsReinvent public transportation system
BTR, tram/light train, electric vehicles, shared-car, water way, cycling and walking lines …
Strategy:
Avoiding or reducing trips (promote access insteadof mobility)
Shifting to more environmentally-friendly modes oftransport
Improving the efficiency of all modes of transports
Multimodality integrate a variety of transport option
Ex. Hamburg “Green network” , Medina of Fez-El-Bali largest car-free zone in the world
E-rickshaws, India
Car-sharing (Auto Lib’), Paris, France
Transports infrastructures
Creating car-free zone
Promoting non-motorized transport (cycling lines, pedestrian paths…)
BRT
Tram/light train (reducing train weight, regenerative braking, higherefficiency propulsion system)
Cycle path in Australia BRT in Bogota
Links with national and international transportation networks
Roads
Ports/ Jetty
Railway Airports
Implementationtools
Key concepts
GREEN BELT
MULTI-MODALITY
NATURE MIX
Financial toolsCooperationNorth/South
and South/South
Developmentfunds
PPP
Crowdfunding
The key is COOPERATION!
Involving all stakeholders in master planning and its implementation (private sector, public sector and civil
society)
Engaging and involving civil society
Establish participatory process in urban development project
Singapore
Energy & CO2
• Energy reductionand efficiencystrategy
• More than 80% ofelectricity fromnatural gas
• Waste to energy :anaerobic digestion(800t/d)
Land use andbuilding
• Land planningbecause of landconstraints
• 66 m2 of greenspace/person,increasing
• Policies forecoefficiency inbuildings
Transports
• Huge publictransport network :59% of trips inmorning peak hoursin public transport
• Road pricing
• Vehicle quotasystem
• Subsidies for smalland fuel efficientcars
Waste
• Power generationwith organic wastes
• 65% of wastesrecycled withrecycling bins
• 63% of peopleparticipation inrecycling
Water
• Treatment of wastewater: 1/5 of watersupply
• Awarenessprograms for waterefficiency
• Sanitation for allresidents
• Separate networksfor used water andrain water
Environmentalgovernance
• Interministerialcommittee onsustainabledevelopment sinceJanuary 2008
Thank you!
Our upcoming events
Conferences « Green transports in Yangon and Mandalay: Yes wecan! »
8th may, Mandalay, Mandalay University
11th may, Yangon, YCDC City Hall
Conference « Green Building, Smart Design and Eco-Materials »
15th June, Yangon, YCDC City Hall
« A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars. It’s where the rich use public transport »
Gustavo Petro, Mayor of Bogota, September 2012