chapter 9: using verbs correctly
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Chapter 9: Using Verbs Correctly. The Principal Parts of a Verb Regular verbs Irregular verbs Verb tense Active and Passive Voice Special Problems with Verbs Sit and Set Lie and Lay Rise and Raise. The Principal Parts of a Verb. 4 principal parts: Base form (infinitive form) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9: Using Verbs Correctly
• The Principal Parts of a Verb• Regular verbs• Irregular verbs
• Verb tense• Active and Passive Voice• Special Problems with Verbs• Sit and Set• Lie and Lay• Rise and Raise
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The Principal Parts of a Verb
• 4 principal parts:– Base form (infinitive form)– Present participle– Past– Past participle
Base form: workPresent participle: (is/are) workingPast: workedPast participle: (has/have) worked
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Regular verbs
• Verbs are regular when their past and past participle forms are made by adding –d or –ed to the base form.
Common mistakes with regular verbs:1. He use to work at Supercuts. 2. Who was suppose to bring Harold?3. Several people nearly drownded in the flood.
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Irregular verbs• Verbs are irregular when their past and past
participle forms are created by doing something other than adding –d or –ed.
Examples:Base form: Past: Past participle:ring rang (has/have) rungmakemade (has/have) madebring brought (has/have) broughtRemember: brang and brung and considered slang. Don’t use them in formal/academic writing.
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Common mistakes with irregular verbs:1. I have went to the shopping mall.– The past form doesn’t need a helping verb
2. I seen all her movies.– The past participle form needs a helping verb
3. The right fielder throwed the ball home.– Don’t add –d or –ed to the base form
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Exercise 2, p. 193
• Use your boards• Provide the correct past or past participle
form of the base word in parenthesis
Ex: Nobody knew why he (do) that.A: did#1: Did you say the telephone (ring) while I was in the shower?A: rang
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Verb tense• The tense of a verb shows the time of an
action or a state of being• There are six tenses:– present– past– future– present perfect– past perfect– future perfect
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The perfect tenses: Present perfect(have/has)
Used to show existing or happening sometime before now; may be continuing now, too.
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Present perfect examples
• I have written letters.• I have seen that movie.• I have completed my assignment.
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The perfect tenses: Past perfect (had)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the past.
Examples:• I had already done my homework when the teacher
halved the assignment.• I had read the book three times before I heard we
were reading it for PACK again.
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The perfect tenses: Future perfect (will/shall have + past participle)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the future.
Examples:• I will have seen and graded your projects by the time
Spring Break begins.• We will have lost forty pounds by the time we finish
the Insanity Workout regimen.
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Progressive/continuous aspects• Our language makes no distinction between
progressive and continuous tense (some languages do!)
• This is not another tense, just another version of the 6 previous tenses
• These include some form of be + the present participle form of a verb (-ing)
Cantonese(Literal English)
English Translation
Progressive我 (I) 著 (wear) 緊(PROG) 衫 (clothes) 。(.)
I am putting on clothes.
Continuous我 (I) 著 (wear) 住(CONT) 衫 (clothes) 。(.)
I am wearing clothes.
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Progressive/continuous examplesBase verb: Write
Present progressive: am/is/are writing
Past progressive: was/were writing
Future progressive: will/shall be writing
Present perfect progressive: has/have been writing
Past perfect progressive: had been writing
Future perfect progressive: will/shall have been writing
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Tense shift – DON’T DO IT WITHOUT A GOOD REASON• Maintain a consistent tense in your writing.Problems to fix:1. When we were comfortable, we begin our
homework.2. Suddenly the great door opened, and an
uninvited guest comes into the dining hall.Check this one:3. Lisa plays basketball now, but last year she
was on the softball team.
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No partner work today
LH 32-33:• Start here• Finish as homework
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Active and passive voice• Active voice verbs express actions done by a
subject– Using active voice helps to make your writing
direct and forceful• Passive voice verbs express actions done to a
subject– Using passive voice structure often makes writing
sound weak and awkward, but is useful when you don’t know who performed an action
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Active and passive voice examplesActive: The librarian has formed a book club.Passive: A book club was formed by the librarian.
Active: The student completed her homework.Passive: The homework was completed by the student.
Active: Lucy had planted those marigolds.Passive: Those marigolds had been planted by Lucy.
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Passive voice: Good for whodunnits
Ex: The flowers were left on the doorstop sometime this afternoon.
Ex: The robbery was committed between one and three in the morning.
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Exercise 5, p. 201
• Use your boards• Decide if a sentence is active or passive
Ex: Jared’s birthday dinner was paid for by his uncle.A: passive#1: Trees were being blown over by the wind.A: passive
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Special verb problems: Sit and set
• Sit: “to rest in an upright, seated position” or “to be in a place” (intransitive- no object)
• Set: “to put something in a place” (transitive – has a direct object)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:Sit (is) sitting sat (have) satSet (is) setting set (have) set
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Sit or set?Examples: • Let’s sit under the tree. (no object)• Let’s set our backpacks under the tree. (object = backpacks)• The tourists sat on the bench. (no object)• The tourists set their cameras on the bench. (object =
cameras)
We had just _______ down when the phone rang.
We had just _______ down our books when the phone rang.
sat
set
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Exercise 6, p. 202
• Use your boards• Pick the correct word in the parenthesis • If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (sit/set) the serving platter on the table.A: set (platter)#1: Has he (sat/set) anything down here?A: set (anything)
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Special verb problems: Lie and Lay
• Lie: “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in a place” (intransitive- no object) (like sit)
• Lay: “to put something in a place” (transitive – has a direct object) (like set)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:Lie (is) lying lay (have) lainLay (is) laying laid (have) laid
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Lie or Lay?Examples: • The napkins are lying next to the plates. (no object)• The servers are laying extra napkins beside every plate.
(object = napkins)• The soldiers lay very still while the enemy passed. (no object)• The soldiers laid a trap for the enemy. (object = trap)
Rip Van Winkle had _______ asleep for twenty years.
Rip Van Winkle had _______ his knapsack on the ground.
lain
laid
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Exercise 7, p. 204
• Use your boards• Complete the sentence with the correct form of lie
or lay• If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Leo (laid/lay) the USB drive by the computer.A: laid (USB drive (or drive))#1: After the race, Andretti (laid/lay) his helmet on the car.A: laid (helmet)
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Special verb problems: Rise and Raise
• Rise: “to go up” or “to get up” (intransitive- no object)
• Raise: “to lift up” or “to cause (something) to rise” (transitive – has a direct object) (like set)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:Rise (is) rising rose (have) risenRaise (is) raising raised (have) raised
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Rise or Raise?Examples: • My neighbors rise very early in the morning. (no object)• My neighbors raise their shades very early in the morning.
(object = shades)• Sparks rose from the flames of the campfire. (no object)• The breeze raised sparks high into the air. (object = sparks)
The senators have _______ from their seats to show respect.
The senators have _______ a number of important issues.
risen
raised
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Exercise 9, p. 206
• Use your boards• Complete the sentence with the correct form of rise
or raise• If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (raise/rise) your hand if you’re finished.A: raise (hand)#1: The steam was (rising/raising) from the pot of soup.A: rising