chapter 7 test review study slides
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7 Test Review
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Circadian rhythm
Biological functions that operate on anapproximately 24 hour cycle
Connected to the light and dark cycle of
time (the sun)
Changes to a 25 hour cycle when light and
dark cues are deprived
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Paradoxical sleep
REM sleep is called this because thenervous system is active, but the voluntary
muscle systems barely move
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2,400
2,700
2,600
2,500
2,800
Spring time change
(hour sleep loss)
3,600
4,200
4000
3,800
Fall time change
(hour sleep gained)
Less sleep,more accidents
More sleep,fewer accidents
Monday before time change Monday after time change
Accidentfrequency
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Why do we sleep?
Benefits1. Tissue restored
2. Energy conserved3. Growth hormone released bypituitary
gland, a pea sized structured at the base of
the brain
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Responding to insomnia
Relax Drink glass of milk before bedtime
DO NOT
Sleep later than usual
Exercise before bedtime
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4
3
2
1
Sleep
stages Awake
Hours of sleep
REM
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Freuds theory
Manifest Contentremembered story line
Latent Contentunderlying, uncensored
meaning that is symbolicDreams are the royal road to
the unconscious mind
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Does everyone dream?
Those who have sleep disorders may notexperience dreaming
Those who claim not to dream would report
them if they were awoken during REM
sleep
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Age regression
A therapist hypnotizes a subject and bringshim or her back to an earlier experience in
their life.
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Age regression example
In 1949, Robert True regressed patients toprevious birthday experiences, using
hypnosis.
82 percent correctly remembered the day of
the week their birthday fell on
He asked them in ways that gave the subjectclues about what the correct answer was.
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Ernest Hilgards Dividedconsciousness hypnosis theory
Hidden Observer Hilgards term
describing a
hypnotized subjectsawareness of
experiences, such as
pain, that gounreported during
hypnosis
http://www.coe.uga.edu/chds/counselingpsych/echd9600projects/eminentpsychologists/hilgardmug_160.jpg
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HYPNOSIS THEORIES
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SmallLarge
Drug dose
Little
effect
Big
effect
Drugeffect
Response tofirst exposure
After repeated
exposure, moredrug is needed
to producesame effect
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Addiction=disease?
Addictions can be overcome; you dontalways need therapy
There are many more controlled users of
drugs than addicts; about 10 percent
become addicted
Viewing addiction as a disease canundermine confidence needed to fight it.
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Alcohol
Slows the brain activity Increases harmful tendencies
Low amounts relax the drinker lowering
inhibitions
Large amounts slow reaction time and
reduce skill level Impairs memory
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Drug Use: social causes
1. Feelings of meaninglessness 2. Stress
3. Failure in life
4. Culture: lower rates among Amish andAfrican Americans than whites
5. Peer culture (most powerful for teens)
6. Beliefs about what others are thought tobe doing
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Stopping/preventing drug usage
1. More likely to quit if peers stop or you leave thegroup (modify peer associations)
2. Education about long term effects
3. Inoculate from peer pressure teaching refusalstrategies
4. Improving the self esteem of those more likelyto try drugs
5. It is nearly impossible to predict whether aspecific teen will experiment with drugs
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(From
HallucinationsbyR.K.Siegel.Copyright
1977ScientificAmerican,Inc.Allr
ightsreserved.)
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Essay
Explain how each concept would relate tothe development or continuation of a
smoking habit.
1. conformity
2. cognitive dissonance
3. incentive motivation 4. physiological addiction