chapter 12 test review slides

Chapter 12 Test

Review slides

• Drive a state of arousal triggered by a physiological need; drives are psychological

• needs are physiological; they are physiological states that usually trigger motivational arousal

• Ex: hunger, sex, thirst

Drives and needs, 471

��

�� !"#!$%

& � �� ' ��%

��

��

� ��

� ��

� ��

Self-actualization needsNeed to live up to one’s

fullest and unique potential

Esteem needsNeed for self-esteem,

achievement, competence,and independence; need for

recognition and respect from others

Safety needsNeed to feel that the world is organized and

predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable

Belongingness and love needsNeed to love and be loved, to belong

and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation

Physiological needsNeed to satisfy hunger and thirst

(��)�� *

+ �� ,��-' �� %.

��' ��/�� %��' ��/��%

��

��

��

��

��

�� !��

0 � ��

�� %�� /�� %

0 � ��+ ��

� � �� !��"

�"��

�� #

�� 1& $�� $%�2 ��1& �� %� �� 1& ��' �� %

�� #

�� 3 + & $�� $%�2 ��3 + & �� %

Richard H

oward

Anorexia characteristics

# $��

# %��

# ��!��

# &��'�

of characteristics

# (!��)�� *��

# &��!��

# +��

# ��

# +��

# ,��

# ��-� ��.��

Anorexia on the rise

• Key factor: cultural ideals about beauty that increasingly promote thinness

Bulimia Nervosa

– disorder characterized by:– episodes of overeating, usually of highly caloric

foods, followed by vomiting– laxative use – fasting or… – excessive exercise

More on Bulimia

# ��

# ��

# /��

# +��!��

of bulimia characters

# $��

# &��!��

# ��

# ��0��

# ��-� ��.��

4��2 ��

!% (�� 5 � ��6�7 �� %

8% 9�� 6�:� ��' �� ' ��' ��%

;% 0 ��6� ' �� ' �� /�� ' ��' ��%

Sexual Motivation Research: Alfred Kinsey, 481

• 1948 Kinsey study findings:• Americans were found to

engage in enormous variation in sexual behavior

• But Kinsey’s research wasn’t conducted randomly…(sample error)

• Also, he asked leading questions (researcher bias)

• Major publications in 1948 and 1953

��!�� & ��123

��!�� 4��/��5��

�"��,��!�� 637889

��

��

��

� ��

Sexual Motivation Research: Physiology

< ��(�� < ��==

& �� /��/�� %

& ��

Cynthia Johnson/ Tim

e magazine

0 ��(�� < ��"�

5 �� %

!% 9�� 6�& �� %

8% ' �� 6�& �� ' ��' ��%�& �' �� %

;% 9� ��6�0 �� /�� /�� %

& �� (�� < ��"!

�� %

!% 5 �� 6�� $�� %

8% & � ��6�� %

& ��

& �� & ��

(�� < ��6�>��"!

< �� "�

? (�� @�� %

? 7 ��

? < �� 6�� ' ��

http://www.gluecksforschung.de/Hirnforschung/Anterior-Cingulate-Cortex.jpg

9��' ��4�' ��"=

9��' ��' ��' ��/��' ��/%�9��' �� /�� ,��' ��/%

��' ��-��' .��' ��/�� %$��' �� $�� ' ��%

��' �� #�8

��' �� %

!% ��%�& ��6�� )�� %

8% ( �� 6��' �� /��/�� %

;% �� 7 ��6��' �� ' ��$��' ��' ��$��' ��' ��%

�% ��6�5 ��' ��,��/��' �� A �� %

;*��/��#�;

5 �� ' ��6��!$�� 8$�� %�

��!�� # ��

��#��"$�

�+��

�$�� 0��

��

�$�� ,�� 37:2

��

1��(��6��/��#�=

2 ��@�� /��%�1�� )�� %

!% ��/�1��6��@��' ��/�� %

8% (��1��6�� %

Transformational leadership, 509

• Clearly communicating a vision goals leading to inspiration of others to follow the leader

• Challenges workers to move beyond their own interests for the sake of the group or team

How to write the essay for the Chapter 12 test

• The Theme is…”Opposing Tendencies.”• The human organism displays various reactions

that are characterized as opposing tendencies. Use a specific physiological or psychological mechanism to explain how both aspects of opposing processes apply to EACH of the following:

• Appetite, autonomic nervous system, color vision, and nerve firing

• Remember: no intro or conclusion; 2-3 sentences for each of the four oppositions should work.

Parts to your essay.

• Couple of sentences on each:• A. Appetite, • B. autonomic nervous system, • C. color vision, • D. nerve firing• Essay is worth 8 points

A. Appetite, see ch. 12

1 pt. For discussing how any of the following turn on and off hunger: hypothalamus, glucose, or drive reduction

2nd pt. For discussing how a specific mechanism regulates opposing tendencies:

Set point/metabolism or homeostasis, or drive reduction theory

B. Points 3 and 4

B. Autonomic nervous system, see Ch. 2Pt. 3 Describe how the sympathetic n.s. arouses our

body; give an example Pt. 4Describe how the parasympathetic n.s. calms

or counteracts the sympathetic; give example

C. Color vision: Points 5 and 6

• See chapter 5, p. 186-8• Pt. 5 for briefly describing the opponent

process theory or opponent color theory• Pt. 6 for listing and explaining an example

such as color afterimages, color blindness or opposing cells for particular colors

D. Nerve firing: points 7 and 8

• See chapter 2, Cognitive Neuroscience• Pt. 9: explain how a neuron fires through

depolarization, ion activation, or action potential

• Pt. 10: explain how the neuron polarizes or is inhibited from action

chapter 12 test review slides

Documents