Chapter 7Management and

Leadership

Ms. BaumgartnerBusiness Essentials

Think About it….• Who do you know who is a leader?

• Parents• Teachers• Friends• Boss• Preacher/minister• Coach• Team mates

Who is a Manager?• Management

• The process of accomplishing goals of a company through effective use of people and resources

• Make things happen in a business• The entrepreneur who develops the idea for

the business is a manager

The 5 Management Functions• Planning (analyze info, set goals, make decisions)

• Organizing (identify and arrange work needed to achieve goals and how to complete it)

• Staffing (find, prepare and pay employees)

• Implementing (direct and lead people to accomplish planned work)

• Controlling (makes sure the business does it’s part accomplishing its goals)

3 Levels of Management• Top Management (EXECUTIVES)

• Set long term plans/directions, held accountable for profitability, spend time planning and controlling activities (CEO, President, VP)

• Spend most time planning/controlling activities

• Mid-Management (MID-MANAGERS)• Focus on specific parts of a company• They spend a lot of time organizing and staffing

(Marketing Mgr, Operations Mgr, Customer Service Mgr)

• Supervisors• Evaluate work of employees, focus on implementing, usually have

other non-mgt duties• First level of management; responsible

Management by Others• Even if you are not a manager, you will still

complete work that seems like a management function

• You might help train someone new• Might be asked to be a group leader• You can develop managerial skills and decide if you

are interested in being a manager someday

Different Management Styles• Management can be difficult – it’s not always easy

to get along with everyone• Backgrounds, personalities, experiences

• Managers approach this challenge and other tasks in different ways based on their management style

• Management style is the way a manager treats and directs employees• 2 types (on next slide) for different kinds of managers

Different Management Styles• There are 2 very different leadership styles often

used by managers:• Tactical management – manager is directive and

controlling; monitors employees closely• Strategic management – less directive and

involve employees in decision-making process; work without direct supervision

• The combined use of tactical and strategic management known as mixed management

7-1 Assessment Questions1. T/F An entrepreneur who starts a new business is not considered to be a

manager2. Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 functions of management?

1. Planning2. Implementing3. Producing4. Controlling

3. Which level of management spends most of its time completing planning and controlling activities?

1. Top management2. Mid management3. Supervisors4. Team management

What is a Leader?• One of the most important responsibilities is

managing people• Managers are often good at managing things

but not as good at managing people• Good leaders are hard to find

The Importance of Leadership• Managers are responsible for the success or

failure of a business.• Managers are the people who are responsible

for making sure that resources are used effectively, so that the business is successful

The Importance of Leadership• People are the most important resource of a

business• The cost of hiring, training, and paying

employees is usually 1 of a business’ highest expenses

• Managers must involve employees and find ways to meet employee needs as well as business needs

The Importance of Leadership• Managers must also be effective leaders• Leadership is the ability to motivate

individuals and groups to accomplish important goals

• Leaders must have effective human relations skills (getting along with others)

The Importance of Leadership• It takes skills to get people with different

backgrounds and personalities to work well together

• “Leaders are born and not made”—agree?• Leaders should possess:

• Understanding• Initiative• Dependability• Objectivity

See Figure 7-2 on pg.157

The Importance of Leadership• Some people are born leaders, others are able

to learn to lead by doing the following:• Study leadership (books, courses to take)

• Participate in organizations & activities (clubs, teams)

• Practice leadership at work (be dependable, honest, helpful)

• Observe leaders (in leadership positions at work or school)

• Work with a mentor (sibling, teacher, coach to learn from)

• Do a self-analysis and ask for feedback (good/bad)

Importance of Human Relations• Managers and leaders must be able to work well

with others• Human relations is the way people get along

with each other• The important human relation skills of managers

are:• Self-understanding (understand your own strengths and weaknesses)• Understanding others (recognize similarities/differences in people for stronger team)• Communications (can be classified in several ways—next slide)• Team building (combined skills of whole team is better than 1 person alone)• Developing job satisfaction(help people like their job more = happier = better work)

Types of Communication• Formal: has been established and already approved

• Informal: common ways to communicate but not “official”

• Internal: occurs between managers, employees or groups

• External: occurs between company and customers (outsiders)

• Vertical: (move up and down between management and employees)

• Horizontal: (communication at the same level—mgr to mgr)

• Oral: (spoken communication)

• Written: (incl notes, emails, reports, letters)

Influencing People• Effective leaders must be able to influence

others into making a decision. • Influence is the ability of a person to affect

the actions of another person or people• There are several kinds of influence a leader

can use:

Influencing People• Position influence – the ability to get others to accomplish

tasks because a LEADER says so• Reward influence – the ability of the leader to give or

withhold rewards (money or job benefits) to get people to do or not do something

• Expert influence – when group members recognize that the leader has special expertise in the area

• Identity influence – having personal trust and respect for the leader—so you listen to what they say

Influencing People• There are 2 types of influence in an

organization – formal influence and informal influence• Formal influence – an elected leader—supposed

to be the leader; in charge because of role• Informal influence – someone who naturally

emerges as a leader from a group

7-2 Assessment1. It is often said that the most important resource of a business is:

1. Cash2. Technology3. Customers4. People

2. T/F Research has proven that effective leaders are born, not made3. The way people get along with each other is known as

1. Human relations2. Influence3. Management style4. Communications

4. A person who is not a manager but is still able to get a group focused and organized is using

1. Tactical management2. Strategic management3. Formal influence4. Informal influence

Importance of Ethical Behavior• Is it okay for an employee to call in sick if they are

not sick?• Would you cheat on a test to ensure a higher grade?• Do you believe a mgr should ever lie to an employee

or ignore unsafe working conditions to save money?

• Individuals and organizations develop reputations based on their actions and the decisions they make.

• You can identify people and businesses that are not trustworthy vs ones that are

What is Ethical Behavior?• Ethics are the principles of conduct governing

an individual or a group.• Ethical business practices: make sure

company is practicing highest level of conduct within company and with customers

• Ethical behavior is made up of 2 parts: • actions of individuals • the results of those actions.

Ethical Behavior (cont.)

It is lawful? Is it consistent with company policies?It does not harm someone while helping someone else

If the actions and results become public, will it embarrass the company?

Consider these before deciding if something is ETHICAL or not:

Preparing an Organization to Make Ethical Decisions

• Mgrs must create an atmosphere where employees know they are expected to act ethically.

• Employees are supported when making right decisions.

• Company Mission Statement describes why the business exists and what it believes in

• Have a statement of core values – the important principles that will guide decisions and actions of the company

What Can the Manager Do?

• Managers should always model ethical behavior….remember actions speak louder than words!!!!• Treat each employee with respect• Reject decisions that would damage the

reputation of the business.

7-3 Assessment1. Which of the following is NOT a standard of ethical behavior:

1. It should be lawful2. It should not benefit someone while harming someone else3. It should not give the company a competitive advantage4. It should not result in embarrassment for the company

2. T/F Managers are responsible for the ethical actions of businesses3. Important principles that guide decisions and actions in a company are:

1. A mission statement2. A business plan3. Ethical behavior4. Core values

Chapter Assignments• Chapter 7 Assessmt: 4, 5, 11-24 (Def & Ans)• Chapter 7 Study Guide

Any Questions?

“A leader is one who knows the way,

goes the way, and shows the way.”