chapter 7 - chemical formulas and chemical compounds hemoglobin
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Chapter 7 - Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
Hemoglobin
Monotomic IonsDefinition Steps in
Creating the Formula
How Do You Name It?
Example
Monatomic Ions
Ions formed from a single atom. Main group ions form to a noble gas configuration
No formulas—just ions!!
For cations: The elements name.For anions: The ending of the name is dropped and the ending –ide is added.
Cation Ex. Ca is calcium; Ca+2 is CalciumAnion Ex. F is flourine; F- is flouride
Binary Ionic CompoundsDefinition Steps in Creating
the Formula How Do You Name It?
Example
Binary Ionic Compounds
Compounds composed of two elements, the total charge must be equal to zero.
1. Write the symbols and charges of the ions side by side, cation first.Al3+ O2−2. Cross over the charges by using the absolute value of each ion’s charge as the subscript for the other ion. Make sure that the total charges now add up to zero.Al23+ O32−3. The reason for this is so that the number of electrons that are being given by the cation can be received by the anion(s). Al2O3
1. Use the name of the cation first2. Then use the anion name, but drop the ending and add –ideNote: You are basically just naming the monatomic ions separately and then putting them together
Al2O3Aluminum Oxide
EXAMPLE
• Write the formula for the binary ionic compounds formed between the following elements:
• Zinc and iodine• Sodium and sulfur• Aluminum and nitrogen• Name: AgCl• Name: CaCl2
Transition metals
DefinitionDefinition Steps in Steps in Creating the Creating the FormulaFormula
How Do You How Do You Name It?Name It?
ExampleExample
Transition Transition MetalsMetals
D-block D-block elementselements
Transition Transition metals can metals can have more have more than one than one charge (No charge (No formulas)formulas)
The name The name won’t change won’t change (ex. Fe=iron= (ex. Fe=iron= iron no matter iron no matter what the what the charge)charge)
PbClPbCl22
Lead (II) Lead (II) chloridechloride
Pb(SOPb(SO44))22
Lead (IV) Lead (IV) Sulfate Sulfate
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Write the formula and give the name for Write the formula and give the name for the compounds that form between:the compounds that form between:– Cu(2+) and Br (-)Cu(2+) and Br (-)– Sn(2+) and F(-)Sn(2+) and F(-)– Hg(2+) and S(2-)Hg(2+) and S(2-)
Name: Name:
-- CuO-- CuO
-- FeS-- FeS
Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
Definition Steps in Creating the Formula
How Do You Name It?
Example
Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions
Ionic compounds that use one or two positive or negative polyatomic ions to form ionic compounds
Another note: Are produced by the loss of hydrogen ions (H+) from oxyacids:
Sulfuric acid H2SO4
SulfateSO42−
You basically use the same steps as with putting two monatomic ions together.
THE TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE WILL BALANCE THE TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE.
Except in this case, you won’t be changing the editing of the oxyanion (it stays –ate, or –ite.)
Al+3 bonding with (SO3)-1
Gives you
Al(SO3)3 called
Aluminum Sulfate
EXAMPLE
Write the formula for: Copper (II) Sulfate Potassium Sulfide Potassium Perchlorate
Give the names for: Ca(OH)2
FeCrO4
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDSMOLECULAR COMPOUNDSDefinitionDefinition Steps in Creating Steps in Creating
the Formulathe Formula How Do You Name It?How Do You Name It? ExampleExample
Molecular Molecular CompoundsCompounds
MolecularMolecular
CompoundsCompounds
are covalently are covalently
bonded units. bonded units.
You will usually be You will usually be given the formula given the formula and then you can and then you can find the oxidation find the oxidation numbers of the rest numbers of the rest of the atoms from of the atoms from there, but you would there, but you would normally draw the normally draw the Lewis structureLewis structure
Two ways:Two ways:
1. The less 1. The less electronegative electronegative element is given first. element is given first. It is given a prefix (ex. It is given a prefix (ex. di, tri, etc.) only if it di, tri, etc.) only if it contributes more than contributes more than one atom to a one atom to a molecule.molecule.
Ex. CarbonEx. Carbon
2. The second element 2. The second element is named by is named by combining:combining:
a. a prefix indicating a. a prefix indicating the number of atoms the number of atoms contributed by the contributed by the element,element,
b. the root of the b. the root of the name of the second name of the second element, andelement, and
c. the ending c. the ending –ide.–ide. Ex. DioxideEx. Dioxide
Ex. CCl4Ex. CCl4
CarbonCarbon
TetrachlorideTetrachloride
Ex. P5O2Ex. P5O2
Penta-Penta-
PhosphorusPhosphorus
Dioxide Dioxide
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Name the following:Name the following: SOSO33
IClICl33 PBrPBr55
Write the formulas for:Write the formulas for: Phosphorus tetraiodidePhosphorus tetraiodide Dinitrogen trioxideDinitrogen trioxide
Binary AcidsBinary AcidsDefinitionDefinition Steps in Creating the Steps in Creating the
FormulaFormula How Do You Name It?How Do You Name It? ExampleExample
Binary Binary AcidsAcids
Consist of 2 Consist of 2 elements, elements, usually usually hydrogen hydrogen and one of and one of the halogensthe halogens
Will always Will always have one have one hydrogen hydrogen bonded to a bonded to a highly highly electronegative electronegative atom to formatom to form
In general, if the In general, if the anion ends in anion ends in ––ideide, ,
the acid name will the acid name will end in end in –ic –ic and and begin with the begin with the prefix prefix hydro-.hydro-.
Ex. HClEx. HCl
Hydrochloric Hydrochloric AcidAcid
EXAMPLEEXAMPLE
Write the formula for:Write the formula for: HIHI HFHF
Oxyacids
DefinitionDefinition Steps in Creating the Steps in Creating the FormulaFormula
How Do You Name It?How Do You Name It? ExampleExample
OXYACIDS Acids that Acids that contain contain hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and a oxygen, and a third element third element (usually a (usually a nonmetal).nonmetal).
Will always have Will always have one hydrogen one hydrogen bonded to a bonded to a negatively negatively charged group--charged group--likely a oxyanion likely a oxyanion (ex. NO(ex. NO33-) -)
If the anion ends in If the anion ends in -ate the acid name -ate the acid name will end as -ic. If will end as -ic. If the anion ends in -the anion ends in -ite the acid will end ite the acid will end as -ous.as -ous.
Sulfuric Sulfuric acid – acid – HH22SOSO44
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Write the formula for:Write the formula for: Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid
Name:Name: HH22SOSO44
SALTSDefinitionDefinition Steps in Creating the Steps in Creating the
FormulaFormula How Do You Name It?How Do You Name It? ExampleExample
SALTSSALTS An ionicAn ionic
compound compound
composed of composed of
a cation and a cation and
the anion the anion
from an acid. from an acid.
The oldThe old
definition was definition was
the product of the product of
an acid and a an acid and a
base reacting to base reacting to
form a salt and form a salt and
water:water:
HCl + NaOH → HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2ONaCl + H2O
The anion is The anion is named by adding named by adding the word the word hydrogenhydrogen or the prefix or the prefix bibi- to - to the anion name:the anion name:
HCO3−HCO3−
Hydrogen Hydrogen carbonate ioncarbonate ion
Bicarbonate ionBicarbonate ion
Ex. NaHCO3Ex. NaHCO3
SodiumSodium
bicarbonatebicarbonate
(baking(baking
soda)soda)