chapter 6.ppt [read-only]...chapter 6 architectural lines and lettering introduction • drafting...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6
Architectural Lines and Lettering
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Introduction
• Drafting
– Universal graphic language
– Uses lines, symbols, dimensions, and notes to
describe a structure to be built
– Properly drawn lines are dark, crisp, sharp,
and of a uniform thickness
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Types of Lines
• Lines are the primary method of displaying images on architectural drawings
– Must accurately and clearly represent content
– There are a variety of types
• Each conveys a meaning
– Widths are thick or thin
– Guidelines are used to guide manual lettering
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Types of Lines (cont’d.)
• Object lines
– Define outline and characteristic features
• Specific thickness
– Presentations vary
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Types of Lines (cont’d.)
• Dashed lines (i.e., hidden lines)
– Show features not visible in the view or plan
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Types of Lines (cont’d.)
• Extension lines
– Show extent of dimension
• Dimension lines
– Show dimension length
– Terminate at related extension lines with
slashes, arrowheads, or dots
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Types of Lines (cont’d.)
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Types of Lines (cont’d.)
• Leader lines
– Thin, dark, and crisp
– Used to connect
notes to related
features
– Drawn freehand or
with irregular curve
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Types of Lines (cont’d.)
• Break lines
– Used to remove a portion of an object, show a
partial view, shorten a long object
– Also used to terminate features when extent is
clearly defined
– May be long or short
• Line techniques
– For additional information, refer to Student CD
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Types of Lines (cont’d.)
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Lettering
• Basic terminology:
– Composition
• Lettering spacing, layout, and appearance
– Justify
• To align text
– Lettering
• Traditional handmade letters and numbers
– Text
• Lettering using CADD
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Lettering (cont’d.)
• Basic terminology (cont’d.):
– Annotation
• Text, notes, dimensions, and text symbols
– Font
• Assortment of one size and style of lettering or text
– Text style
• Set of text characters (e.g., font, height, width)
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Lettering (cont’d.)
• Single-stroke lettering
– Single straight or
curved line
elements
• Makes text easy
and clear to read
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Lettering (cont’d.)
• Slanted lettering
– Slant to the right with an angle of 68° from
horizontal
• Uppercase slanted lettering is used for water
feature names in mapping
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Lettering (cont’d.)
• Lettering height
– Minimum should be 1/8" (3 mm)
• Some companies use 5/32" (4 mm)
– All dimension numerals, notes, and other
lettered information should be the same
• Except titles, drawing numbers, and captions
– Height of fraction numbers should be the same
as other lettering associated with the fraction
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Lettering (cont’d.)
• Lettering legibility
– Lettering should be dark, crisp, and sharp
• Reproduction quality
– Spaces should be uniform
• Some letters will require spacing farther apart (e.g.,
I, N, or S versus L, A, or W)
• Minimum recommended space between letters is
1/16" (1.5 mm)
– Notes should be lettered horizontally
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Lettering (cont’d.)
• Rules for lettering and text numeral applications:
– Foot units are followed by foot symbol ('), and inch units are followed by inch symbol (″)
– Inches and fractions are used for values less than 12 inches (e.g., 6″)
– Metric values in architectural drafting are
generally in millimeters
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Lettering (cont’d.)
• Rules (cont’d.):
– When metric values are used on a
predominantly foot and inch drawing, the
abbreviation “mm” follows the metric value
– Metric unit names are lowercase
• Except proper names
– Vertical text is used for unit abbreviations
– Leave a space between a numeral and an
abbreviation
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Lettering (cont’d.)• Rules (cont’d.):
– Do not leave a space between a unit
abbreviation and its prefix
– Do not use plural unit symbols
– Use the plural of spelled-out metric
measurements
– Millimeters (mm) are assumed
• Hints for professional lettering
– For additional information, refer to Student CD