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Page 1: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds
Page 2: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Chapter 5

Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Page 3: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Capítulo 5

Comprendiendo Niños de Dos y Tres Años

Page 4: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Understanding Two-and Three-Year Olds

In this chapter, you will learn about physical development of two-year-olds cognitive development of two-year-olds social-emotional development of two-year-olds teaching two-year-olds physical development of three-year-olds cognitive development of three-year-olds social-emotional development of three-year-olds teaching three-year-olds

Page 5: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Comprendiendo Niños de Dos y Tres Años

En éste capítulo usted aprenderá sobre desarrollo físico de niños de dos años de edad desarrollo cognitivo de niños de dos años de edad desarrollo socio-emocional de niños de dos años educando a los niños de dos años desarrollo físico de niños de tres años de edad desarrollo cognitivo de niños de tres años desarrollo socio-emocional de niños de tres años educando a los niños de tres años

Page 6: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Objectives

Describe the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development of two-year-olds.

Explain how three-year-olds develop physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally.

Relate how the development of two-and three-year-olds will affect your role as a teacher.

Page 7: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Objetivos

Describir el desarrollo físico, cognitivo y socio-emocional de niños de dos años.

Explicar como se desarrollan físicamente, cognitivamente, socialmente y emocionalmente un niño de tres años.

Relacionar como le afecta en su rol como educador el desarrollo de los niños de dos y tres años de edad.

Page 8: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Terms to Know

language comprehension expressive language egocentric gender roles self-concept

Page 9: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Términos a Conocer

comprensión del lenguaje lenguaje expresivo egocentrismo rol o papel del género auto concepto o percepción interna

Page 10: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Physical Development of Two-Year-Olds

Two-year-old children continue to grow physically, but the rapid growth that occurred during infancy tapers off.

These are some characteristics of physical development of two-year-olds regarding gross motor development fine motor development self-help skills

Page 11: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Físico de Niños de Dos Años de

Edad Niños de dos años de edad continúan creciendo

físicamente pero el crecimiento rápido que ocurrió durante la infancia disminuye.

Estas son algunas de las características del desarrollo físico de un niño de dos años en cuanto a desarollo de las destrezas motoras primarias (desarrollo

del motriz grueso) desarollo de destrezas motoras finas (desarrollo del

motriz fino) destrezas de independencia

Page 12: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Gross Motor Development

Improved coordination and body control

More control in leg and foot muscles

Page 13: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo de las Destrezas Motoras

Primarias Mejor en

coordinación y control de su cuerpo

Mas control en los músculos de las piernas y los pies

Page 14: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Fine Motor Development

Finger dexterity and control

Hand preference Build with blocks

Page 15: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo de las Destrezas Motoras

Finas

Destreza y control con los dedos

Preferencia de manos Construye con

bloques

Page 16: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Cognitive Development of Two-Year-Olds

The two-year-old’s cognitive development focuses on three main areas: language comprehension skills expressive language skills math readiness skills

Page 17: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Cognitivo de Niños de Dos Años de

Edad El desarrollo cognitivo de niños de dos años de

edad se enfoca en tres áreas principales: destrezas en la comprensión de lenguaje destrezas en la expresión del lenguaje destrezas para la preparación en matemáticas

Page 18: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Language Comprehension Skills

Language comprehension: a person’s understanding of language Follow directions Give answers to where questions Appreciate the difference between soft and

heavy Understand words such as big and tall Start to understand words related to space

Page 19: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Destrezas en la Comprensión de

Lenguaje Comprensión de lenguaje: la comprensión

que una persona tiene del lenguaje Sigue direcciones Puede dar respuestas a preguntas de “donde” Puede apreciar la diferencia entre suave y

pesado Entiende palabras tales como grande y alto Comienza a entender palabras relacionadas a

espacio

Page 20: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Expressive Language Skills

Expressive language: the ability to produce language forms Speech involving simple sentences

There are two language strategies that are important when you work with two-year-olds. Feeding-in: you provide the child’s language Expansion: you expand the child’s language

Page 21: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Destrezas en la Expresión del Lenguaje

Expresión del lenguaje: la capacidad para producir formas del lenguaje Lenguaje que involucra oraciones simples

Existen dos tipos de estrategias que son importantes cuando usted trabaja con niños de dos años. Alimentar: usted provee al niño con el lenguaje Expansión o crecimiento: usted aumenta o

expande el lenguaje del niño

Page 22: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Math Readiness Skills

Math skills are developed as children interact with others and with objects. Size concepts

Big Small

Forms and colors Sort objects by shape

and color

Page 23: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Destrezas Para la Preparación en Matemáticas

Las destrezas en matemáticas son desarrolladas mientras los niños interactúan con otras personas y objetos. Concepto de tamaño

Grande Pequeño

Formas y colores Dividir objetos por

forma y color

Page 24: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Social-Emotional Development of Two-Year-

Olds Social development

Play next to each other, but not cooperatively Tend to be positive Can be very physical in their responses Are usually affectionate

Emotional development Like to control their surroundings Are afraid of being hurt Show love and caring

Page 25: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Socio-Emocional de Niños de

Dos Años Desarrollo social

Juegan uno al lado del otro pero no cooperan Tienden a ser positivos Pueden ser muy físicos en sus respuestas Usualmente son muy afectuosos

Desarrollo emocional Les gusta controlar sus alrededores Tienen miedo a ser heridos Demuestran amor y cariño

Page 26: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Discuss

Why do you think patience is an important quality when you work with two-year-olds?

Page 27: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Discusión

¿Por que usted piensa que ser paciente es una cualidad muy importante cuando se trabaja con niños de dos años de edad?

Page 28: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Teaching Two-Year-Olds

Working with two-year-olds requires gentle and firm guidance flexibility and patience noise control from time to time adequate supervision a dramatic play corner some routine in their day

Page 29: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Educando a los Niños de Dos Años

Trabajar con niños de dos años requiere una orientación firme y tierna flexibilidad y paciencia de vez en cuando controlar el ruido supervisión adecuada una esquina de juego para dramas algún tipo de rutina durante el día

Page 30: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Brainstorm

Suggest some strategies you can use to control the noise level in a room with two-year-old children.

Page 31: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Lluvia de ideas

Sugiera algunas estrategias que usted puede utilizar para controlar el nivel de ruido en un salón con niños de dos años.

Page 32: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Physical Development of Three-Year-Olds

Three-year-olds continue to develop in the following areas: gross motor development fine motor development self-help skills

Page 33: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Físico de Niños de Tres Años

Los niños de tres años continúan desarrollándose en las siguientes áreas: desarollo de las destrezas motoras primarias

(desarrollo del motriz grueso) desarollo de las destrezas motoras finas

(desarrollo del motriz fino) destrezas de independencia

Page 34: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Gross Motor Development

As a result of better coordination, three-year-olds are able to throw, jump, and hop catch large balls ride and steer tricycles walk heel-to-toe for four steps balance on one foot for up to eight seconds hop in one foot up to three times

Page 35: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo de las Destrezas Motoras

Primarias Como resultado de una mejor coordinación, el

niño de tres años puede lanzar, brincar y saltar agarrar pelotas grandes correr y manejar triciclos puede caminar cuatro pasos siguiendo su talón

y luego el dedo balancearse en un pie hasta ocho segundos saltar en un pie hasta tres veces

Page 36: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Fine Motor Development

The fine motor skills of three-year-olds include using scissors to cut

paper reproducing simple

shapes manipulating blocks

and puzzles

Page 37: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarollo de las Destrezas Motoras

Finas Las destrezas motoras

finas de un niño de tres años incluyen utilizar tijeras para

cortar papel reproducir formas

simples manipular bloques y

rompecabezas

Page 38: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Self-Help Skills

Three-year-olds become increasingly self-sufficient. They turn the water faucet on and off become better at dressing themselves are able to use knives during mealtime have almost full control over toilet routines

Page 39: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Destrezas de Independencia

Los niños de tres años de edad comienzan a ser mucho mas independientes. Ellos cierran y abren la llave del agua se pueden vestir por si mismos mucho mejor durante la comida pueden utilizar cuchillos tienen casi control absoluto sobre su rutina del

inodoro

Page 40: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Discuss

What are some construction features that manufacturers of children’s clothing might use to help three-year-olds dress and undress themselves?

Page 41: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Discusión

¿Cuales son algunas de las características de construcción que los fabricantes de ropa de niños desarrollan para que niños de tres años de edad puedan vestirse y desvestirse por si mismos?

Page 42: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Cognitive Development of Three-Year-Olds

By the third birthday, the ability to think matures, improving language comprehension skills expressive language skills math readiness skills

Page 43: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Cognitivo de Niños de Tres Años

En el tercer año de edad, la habilidad de pensar madura mejorando en los siguientes aspectos destrezas en la comprensión de lenguaje destrezas en la expresión del lenguaje destrezas para la preparación en matemáticas

Page 44: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Language Comprehension Skills

Understanding of language continues to grow in three-year-olds. They begin to understand the pronouns you and

they. Space concepts become clearer.

Toward Up Top Next

Page 45: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Destrezas en la Comprensión de

Lenguaje La comprensión del lenguaje continua

creciendo en los niños de tres anos. Comienzan a entender los pronombres de tu y

ellos. Los conceptos de espacio se hacen mas claros.

Hacia Arriba Encima Próximo

Page 46: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Expressive Language Skills

Children’s ability to produce language continues to increase. May use more than 900 words Improve grammar Understand the difference between past and

present tense Understand positive nouns Start to use question words Talk out loud to themselves

Page 47: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Destrezas en la Expresión del Lenguaje

La habilidad de los niños para producir lenguaje continua aumentando. Puede utilizar mas de 900 palabras Mejora la gramática Entiende la diferencia entre el tiempo pasado y

presente Entiende los nombres positivos Comienza a utilizar palabras interrogativas Se hablan en voz alta a ellos mismos

Page 48: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Math Readiness Skills

Three-year-olds continue to learn concepts basic to math. Start to understand the following concepts:

full less smaller empty

Begin to develop counting skills Distinguish between one and many

Page 49: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Destrezas Para la Preparación en Matemáticas

Los niños de tres años de edad continúan aprendiendo los conceptos básicos de matemáticas. Comienzan a entender los siguientes conceptos:

lleno menos mas pequeño vacío

Comienzan a desarrollar destrezas de conteo Distingue entre uno y muchos

Page 50: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Brainstorm

Name some activities you can use with three-year-olds that might contribute to the development of their counting skills.

Page 51: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Lluvia de ideas

Mencione algunas actividades que usted puede utilizar con sus niños de tres años que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de sus destrezas de conteo.

Page 52: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Social-Emotional Development of Three-

Year-Olds After the third birthday, children start to learn

socially acceptable ways of expressing their feelings. Social development Emotional development

Page 53: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Socio-Emocional de Niños de

Tres Años Luego de su tercer año de edad, los niños

comienzan a aprender formas socialmente aceptables de expresar sus sentimientos. Desarrollo social Desarrollo emocional

Page 54: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Social Development

Social development during this age involves using new ways to show concerns for others applying positive ways to get attention adjusting to new people more easily recognizing gender roles (behaviors that are

expected of girls or boys)

Page 55: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Social

Desarrollo social durante esta etapa implica utilizar nuevas maneras para demostrar

preocupación por otros aplicar maneras positivas de como llamar la

atención adaptarse a nuevas personas de forma mas fácil reconocer los roles de géneros (comportamiento

anticipado para un niño y para una niña)

Page 56: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Emotional Development

Emotional development involves strong visible emotions less frustration less likelihood to become angry when things do

not go their way development of self-concept

Self-concept: the way you see yourself

Page 57: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Desarrollo Emocional

Desarrollo emocional implica emociones fuertes visibles menos frustraciones menos oportunidad de enfadarse cuando las

cosas no salen a su manera desarrollo de conciencia sobre su cuerpo

Auto concepto: la forma en que uno se ve a uno mismo

Page 58: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Reflect

Why do you think three-year-olds are less likely to get frustrated than two-year-olds?

Page 59: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Reflexión

¿Porque usted piensa que los niños de tres años son menos propensos a frustrarse que los niños de dos años?

Page 60: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Teaching Three-Year-Olds

When teaching three-year-olds, you have to consider that they are happy, sociable, agreeable enjoy playing in groups of two or three like pretending are becoming increasingly independent

Page 61: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Educando Niños de Tres Años

Cuando se educa niños de tres años, debe considerar que ellos son alegres, sociables y simpáticos les gusta jugar en grupos de dos o tres les gusta pretender se van volviendo mas independientes

Page 62: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Summary

Two-year-olds grow and change in many ways, including improving their motor skills so they can run,

jump, and balance understanding and saying many words answering simple questions beginning to learn simple math striving to be independent

Page 63: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Resumen

Los niños de dos años de edad crecen y cambian de muchas formas, ellos mejoran sus destrezas motrices para poder

correr, brincar y balancearse entienden y dicen muchas palabras pueden contestar preguntas simples comienzan a aprender conceptos matemáticos

simples se esfuerzan por ser independientes

Page 64: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Summary

Three-year-olds show muscle control and coordination thinking abilities understanding of grammar rules for past tense refined concepts of number and size friendship strong emotions, but they are learning

appropriate ways to show their emotions

Page 65: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Resumen

Los niños de tres años de edad demuestran control y coordinación de músculos habilidad de pensamiento entendimiento de las reglas de gramática en

tiempo pasado conceptos refinados de números y tamaño amistades emociones fuertes pero están aprendiendo

formas apropiadas de como demostrar sus sentimientos

Page 66: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

The authors want to recognize

Bethany L. Baughmanfor her contributions to

this project.

Page 67: Chapter 5 Understanding Two- and Three-Year-Olds

Los autores desean reconocer

Bethany L. Baughmanpor sus contribuciones a

este proyecto.