chapter 5 transnationalism: the alternative orientation
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5
Transnationalism: The Alternative Orientation
The Origins and Impact of Transnationalism
Transnationalism: Phenomena that connect humans across nations and boundaries
Sources of transnationalism Global interactionHuman thought
Transnational Interaction
Scope and level will continue to expand
Transnational Economics
Economic interdependence Affects each of us directlyPromotes global/cultural familiarity through trade
Transnational Communications
Promotes common cultureFamiliarity with distant people
Effects of modern technologyUndermines authoritarian governmentsDistant events become realities through media
Transnational Transportation
Promotes familiarity Trade Tourism
Transnational organizations
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
Increasing numberDisenchantment with existing political organizations
NGOs and transnationalism
Advance many causesWomen's issuesFacilitate networks of contacts and interaction
• Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs)• Fourth UN World Conference on Women (WCW)
Pressure governments to support their causes
Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO)
Transnational Women's Movement
Gender Issues
Socioeconomic and political gender equality does not exist
Transnational Women's Movement: Philosophy and Goals
Diverse movementBeijing + 5 Conference
Women are underrepresented in world politics
Conceptual differences between male and female points of viewDiffering views of politics
PeaceSecurity
Agenda for changeIncrease women's political participation Improve women's reality
• Education: Impact of women's illiteracy on entire society
Transnational Women's Movement: Programs and Progress
Global conferencesUN Conference on Population and Development (UNCPD)Fourth World Conference on Women (WCW)
Impact
Cultural differences among women narrowingAdvancement of women in politics
Transnational Religion
Religion and World Politics
Ancient force in international politicsHumanisticSource of bloody conflict, subjugation of peoplesCrusades, Thirty Years' War, imperial era, Israel, India/Pakistan, Yugoslavia, IrelandExerts influence through IGOs and NGOs
Roman Catholic Church
The Strength of Religious Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism: Conservative religious values incorporated into secular political activities
Some believe religious affiliation should be political and supersede patriotism
Link between religious fundamentalism and nationalism • India: Hindu party
Transnational Culture
The Culture of McWorld Macrolevel approach
Common culture Language Modern communications Consumer products
Resistance to common culture
Cultural prideProtectionism: France
The Culture of Jihad
Conflict along cultural lines Samuel P. Huntington: The clash of civilizations
Eurocentrism• Rwanda• Kosovo
Racism, ethnic and religious intolerance-- Serbs Siege mentality in West
Transnationalism Tomorrow
Common culture versus nationalism