Chapter 4 - Future Tense

Verb Tense Review Exercise 1 p. 60

1. future2. future3. present4.future5.future6.present7. present8. future9.future10. present

Future Tense

1. Simple Future– will – be going to

2. Future Progressive– will + be + verb + ing – be + going to + be + verb + ing

3. Future Perfect– will + have + past participle

4. Future Perfect Progressive– will + have + been + verb + ing

Future Simple

will and be going to – use for future time• will + verb

1. prediction2. willingness (plan made at the moment of speaking)3. refusal (will not = won’t)

• be + going to + verb (be + gonna + verb)

1. prediction2. plan (made before the moment of speaking)

Key words: tomorrow, tonight, next week

Compare situations p. 63

A: Are you busy tonight?B: Yes, I’m going to meet Julie at 7. We’re going to study together.

1. In this situation only be going to is possible because the speaker has a prior plan.

A: Are you busy tonight?B: Well, I haven’t made any plans. I’ll eat dinner, and then I’ll probably watch TV.

2. In this situation both will or be going to is possible because the speaker is predicting the night

Ex. 9 p. 64

1. c - plan2. a - prediction3. A: c – plan B: b – willingness4. a - prediction5. b - willingness6. c - plan

Exercise 10 p. 64

1. willingness2. plan3. prediction4. plan5. willingness6. prediction7. willingness8. plan

Expressing Future in Time Clauses

Time Clauses: dependent clause****begin with words like: ____ and include a subject and verb– when– before– as soon as– after– until– while

Time Clauses – Expressing Future

Time Clause begins with words like:• When, before, after, as soon as, until, or while + subject

+ verb

When + subject + verb = time clause

When the meaning of the time clause is future, the SIMPLE PRESENT is used.

When Bob comes, we will see him.

Future in Time Clauses

Present Progressive – to express an activity in progress in the future– While I am traveling in Europe next year, I am going

to save money by staying in youth hostels.

Present Perfect – emphasizes the completion of one act before a second act in the future. (both same meaning)– I will go to bed after I finish my homework.– I will go to bed after I have finished my

homework.

Exercise 14 p. 67

Dependent clause (time clause) , independent clauseIndependent clause (no comma) dependent clause (time clause)

2. After the rain stops, I'm going to sweep the front porch.3. I'm going to start making dinner before my wife gets home from work today.4. I'm going to wait right here until Sonya comes.5. As soon as the war is over, there will be new elections.6. Right now the tide is low, but when the tide comes in, the ship will leave the harbor.

Exercise 15:

2. eat... will probably take/ am probably going to take3. get... will give/ am going to give4. watch.. .will call/am going to call5. will wait/ am going to wait... comes6. stops... will walk/am going to walk7. graduate... intend... will go/am going to go... get8. will listen.... am going to listen... am sleeping

Present Progressive – future meaning

• Use to express future time when the idea of the sentence is a planned event or a strong intention.

• Future meaning is indicated by the future time words!

– He is leaving at noon tomorrow. – After lunch, I am meeting a friend. We are going

shopping. •

Simple Present- future meaning

Events that are on a definite schedule or timetable, these events contain future time words. – few verbs can be used: open close begin end start

finish arrive leave come return

• The museum opens at 10:00 tomorrow morning.• Classes begin next week. • John’s plane arrives at 6:05pm next Monday.

Exercise 18

4. future5. future6. now7. future8. habitually9. future10. future11. habitually12. A: now B: now A: future13. A: future B: future A: future

Future Progressive

Used for an activity that will be in progress at a time in the future.

1. will + be + verb + ing I will be studying when you come.

2. Be going to + be + verb +ingI am going to be studying at the library.

Key words: when, after, as soon as, before

Exercise 22

1. is going to be studying/will be studying... am going to be finishing/will be finishing 2. is going to be seeing/will be seeing.... is going to be doing/will be doing.... is going to be talking/will be talking.

Exercise 23

1. arrive; will be waiting/is going to be waiting2. get; will be shining/is going to be shining;

will be singing/are going to be singing; will still be lying/is still going to be lying

3. A: will be enjoying/am going to be enjoyingB: will be thinking/am going to be thinking 4. will be/ am going to be in Chicago visiting5. will be / am going to be working at the library

Future Perfect

An action that will end before another action or time in the future.

Will + have + past participle

I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the time I see you, I will have graduated.

Key words: by the time you go/do; already

Future Perfect Progressive

Duration (how long) an activity will be in progress before another time or event in the future.

Will + have + been + verb + ing

I will have been sleeping for two hours by the time you get home.

Key words: by the time, for ten days, by

Exercise 25

Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive (rarely used)

1. have been... had been... will have been2. get... will have already arrived3. got...had already arrived4. have been sitting ... had been sitting... will have been sitting5. will have begun... will have been teaching6. will have been driving7.get/will have taken8. will have been running9. will have been

Review of Verb Tenses

• Simple Tenses:– Simple Present– Simple Past– Simple Future

• Progressive Tenses:– Present Progressive– Past Progressive– Future Progressive

Exercise 11, p. 6

1. studies2. is studying3. studied4. was studying5. will study/ is going to study6. will be studying/ is going to be studying

Review of Verb Tenses

• Perfect Tenses:– Present Perfect– Past Perfect– Future Perfect

• Perfect Progressive Tenses:– Present Perfect Progressive– Past Perfect Progressive– Future Perfect Progressive

Exercise 11, p. 7

7. has already studied8. had already studied 9. will already have studied10. has been studying11. had been studying12. will have been studying

Practice 1

1. has never flown2. have been waiting... hasn't arrived3. are.... reach4. didn't own... had owned5. are having... has been6. will have left... get7. went... got....were dancing.... were talking... was standing... had never met... introduced8. was sitting.... heard....got.... looked....had just backed

Practice 2

1. am taking... leave.... am going.... leave....am going to go.... is studying.... has lived..... knows...... has promised....have never been.... am looking

2. had been raining.... dropped..... is going to be.... changes..... wake.....will be snowing

Practice 3

1. had been2. met3. had missed4. was5. got6. took7. was8. had grown9. was

10 was wearing11. had changed12. was still13. asked14. had gained15. had turned16. looked17. were

Practice 4

1. will have been2. will meet3. will have missed4. will be5. get6. will take7. will no longer be8. will have grown9. will be

10. will probably wear11. will have changed12. will still be13. will ask14. will probably have gained15. will have turned16. will look17. will be