chapter 3.2 ancient egypt part ii

7/30/2019 Chapter 3.2 Ancient Egypt Part II

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CHAPTER 3ANCIENT EGYPT

ROCK-CUT TOMBS

burial places hollowed out of the faces of cliffs.

Rock-cut tombs, Beni Hasan. Dynasty 12, c.1991-1785 BCE.

Plan and elevation of a typicalrock-cut tomb at Beni Hasan

Wall painting in the tomb of Khnumhotep, Beni Hasan, Dynasty 12, c. 1928-1895 CE


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EGYPTIAN PAINTING AND RELIEF SCULPTURE

Relief Scuplture was also painted

Colorful Figural Scenes and Hieroglyphic texts

Relief of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II, Middle Kingdom, Dynasty 11, ca. 20512000 B.C.

SCULPTURE

Senworset III. Dynasty 12, c. 1878-1842 BCE. Black granite, height 21 1/2 (54.8 cm.).The Brooklyn Museum


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EGYPTIAN FAIENCE

is a sintered-quartz ceramic displaying surface vitrification which creates a brightlustre of various blue-green colours.

Egyptian Turquoise Faience withSpread wings, 712-30 B.C.

Lotiform Cup, Third Intermediate Period,Dynasty 22, ca. 945715 B.C

CORE GLASS

The first objects to be made entirely of glass in Egypt were produced by the techniqueknown as core glass.

Core-formed vessels, 15001000 BCE


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THE NEW KINGDOM

HYPOSTYLE HALL

a vast hall filled with columns.

Hypostyle Hall of theMentuhotep Temple

Hypostyle Hall, Great Temple of Amun,Karnak

Plan of the Great Kingdom of Amun, Karnak.

New Kingdom


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PYLONStowers or posts set off each of massive gateways separate elements

Pylon and Festival Court of Thutmose II

Pylon of Ramesses II with obelisk in the foreground, Temple of Amun, Mut, andKhonsu, Luxor. Dynasty 19, c. 1279-1212 B.C.


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THE FUNERARY TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT

The dynamic female ruler Hatshepsut (Dynasty 18, ruled c. 1478-1458) is a notablefigure in a period otherwise dominated by male warrior-kings. The daughter ofTuthmose I, Hatshepsut married her half-brother, who reigned for fourteen years as

Tuthmose II, When he died, she became regent for his underage sonborn to one ofhis concubinesTuthmose III. Hatshepsut had herself declared king by priests of

Amun.

Funerary temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri. At the far left, ramp and base of thefunerary temple of Mentuhotep III. Dynasty 11, c. 2009-1997 BCE

Statue of Hatshepsut on display at theMetropolitan Museum of Art

Hatshepsut as Sphinx, from Deir el-Bahri. Dynasty 18, c. 1478-1458 BCE.

Red Granite, height 54 (164 cm). The

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York


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THE TEMPLE OF RAMESSES II AT ABU SIMBEL

At the time of Ramesses II (ruled c. 1279-1212 BCE), who some believed to be thepharaoh of the biblical story of Moses and the Exodus, Egypt was a mighty empire.

Ramesses was a bold military commander and an effective political strategist.

Temples of Ramesses II, Abu Simbel, Nubia. Dynasty 19, c. 1279-1212 BCE


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AKHENATEN AND THE ART OF AMARNA PERIOD

The most unusual ruler in the history of ancient Egypt was Amenhotep IV, who came tothe throne in 1352 BCE (Dynasty 18). He founded a new religion honoring a singlesupreme god, the life-giving son disk Aten, and accordingly changed his own name in

1348 BCE to Akhenaten. Borrowing from the modern name for this site, Tell el-Amarna,historians refer to his reign as the Amarna period.

SUNKEN RELIEF

the outlines of the figure have been carved into the surface of the stone, making itunnecessary to cut away the background.

Akhenaten and His Family, from

Akhenaten (modern Tell el-Amarna).Dynasty 18, 1348-1336/5 BCE.Painted limestone relief, 12 x 151/4. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin,

Preussischer Kulturbesitz, gyptischesMuseum

Queen Tiy, from Kom Medinet Ghurab (near el-Lahun). Dynasty 18, c. 1390-1352 BCE.Boxwood, ebony, glass, gold, lapis lazuli, cloth, clay and wax, height 3 3/4 (9.4 cm).

Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, gyptisches Museum


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Nefertiti, from Akhetan (modern Tell el-Amarna) Dynasty 18,c. 1348-1336/5 BCE. Limestone, height 20 (51 cm).Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz,

gyptisches Museum

This famous head discovered along with the variousdrawings and other items relating to commissions for theroyal family in the studio of the sculptor Tuthmose at

Akhetaten.

BOOK OF DEAD

By the time of the New Kingdom, the Egyptians had come to believe the only a personfree from sin could enjoy an afterlife. The dead were thought to undergo a last

judgment consisting of two tests presided over Osiris and supervised by Annubis, the

overseer of funerals and cemeteries, represented as man with jackals head. Thedeceased were first questioned by a delegation of deities about their behavior in life.Then their heats, which the Egyptians believed to be the seat of the soul, were weighedon a scale against an ostrich feather, the symbol of Maat, goddess of truth.

Judgement before Osiris, illustration from a Book of the Dead. Dynasty 19, c. 1285

BCE. Painted papyrus, height 15 5/8 (39.8 cm). The British Museum, London

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