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AFRICANS IN SLAVERY AND FREEDOM Chapter 3 Lesson 2

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Page 1: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

AFRICANS IN SLAVERY AND

FREEDOM

Chapter 3 Lesson 2

Page 2: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Introduction

In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the North and South—were free. In fact, by 1860, nearly 500,000 free Africans were living in the U.S. Yet they did not have the rights of full citizenship. Despite the hardships, most Africans found ways to survive. Some also found ways to fight back.

Page 3: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Life Under Slavery

Most southern states had slave codes, laws that shaped the day-to-day lives of slaves.Not allowed to leave the owners’ landMeet in groupsBuy or sell goodsNot allowed to learn how to read or write.

(Remember: They were seen as property not people.)

Page 4: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Overseers- people hired to watch the slaves and punish them if they got behind

Many families were split up when they were sold In order to survive the slaves created close-knit

communities.They tried to keep traditions aliveSpeak about AfricaReligious beliefs gave many the strength to hold on

○ Spirituals- religious songs based on Bible Stories

Page 5: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

How did people in slave communities help on another?

They gave comfort and support. They talked about Africa. They kept traditions alive.

Page 6: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Fighting Back

Most enslaved Africans did what they could to resist or act against slavery.Some did it quietly by breaking tools or

letting animals get out on farms.Others chose a more violent way to resist-

they rebelled.

Page 7: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Nat Turner In Virginia on a hot

August night in 1831, Nat Turner led an attack that killed 57 people.

His owner and owner’s family were killed.

Slave owners that tried to end the rebellion killed more than 100 slaves.

Turner and the other leaders were caught, put on trial, and hanged.

Page 8: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

John Brown Oct. 16, 1859 A white abolitionist and a

group of followers seized a government storehouse full of guns in Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia.

He planned to give the guns to slaves fighting for their freedom.

Brown was caught, put on trial, and hanged.

Page 9: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

In what ways did enslaved people resist slavery?

They damaged the plantation. They rebelled.

Page 10: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Running Away Another way to resist

slavery was to gain freedom by running away.

Once they fled they had to find places to hide.Many were helped by

other slavesSome were taken in by

IndiansOthers hid in forests,

swamps, or mountains○ (sometimes they hid for

years)

Page 11: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

They either stayed in hiding or fled to free land in the North, Canada, or Mexico.

They traveled by using the North Star.

Page 12: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad

was a system of escape routes leading to free land.

Members were called conductors.

They led runaways at night from one hiding place to the next.The hiding places were called

stations.Usually barns, attics, and

secret roomsThey could eat and rest at

these places

Page 13: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Harriet Tubman Most conductors were

free Africans, white Northerners and some church leaders

Harriet Tubman was an escaped slave

She was a conductor that made at least trips guiding about 300 people to freedom

She supposedly never lost a single passenger.

Page 14: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

How did the Underground Railroad help slaves escape?

Members led runaways from one hiding place to the next along escape routes.

Page 15: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Free Africans In 1860, nearly 500,000 were free Most lived in cities where they had a better

chance of getting a jobCarpentersTailorsBlacksmithsShopkeepersMinistersDoctorsNursesTeachers

Page 16: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Wealthy Africans

Jehu JonesOwned and ran one of South Carolina’s best hotels

Thomy LafonMade a fortune from his businesses in New Orleans

James FortenRan a busy sail factory in PhiladelphiaHe invented a new sail that made it easier for people to steer

ships

Page 17: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

Most Africans

Life was very hard no matter what Unwelcomed in many places and treated unfairly State laws in North and South gave them little

freedomNo votingCan only go to certain schoolsCan only have certain jobs

Some free Africans were wrongly accused of being runaways

Some were caught and sold into slavery

Page 18: Chapter 3 Lesson 2. Introduction In 1800 there were nearly 900,000 slaves in the U.S. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million. Some Africans—both in the

What was life like for most free Africans in the early 1800s?

Life was hard. They were unwelcome in many places. They were treated unfairly. They had little freedom.


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