chapter 3 federalism. constitutional division of powers delegated powers (national / fed) expressed...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 3
FEDERALISM
CONSTITUTIONAL DIVISION OF POWERS
DELEGATED POWERS (NATIONAL / FED)EXPRESSEDIMPLIEDINHERENT
RESERVED POWERS (STATES)LOCAL POWERS FROM THE STATE
CH 4 SUM
CONCURRENT POWERSBOTH STATE & NATIONAL
DENIED POWERSNEITHER STATE OR NATIONAL
CH 4 SUM
SUPREMACY CLAUSE (ART 6)
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IS SUPREME IN CONFLICTS
MCCULLOGH V MARYLAND (1819)
CH 4 SUM
INTERSTATE RELATIONSINTERSTATE COMPACTSFULL FAITH AND CREDITEXTRADITIONPRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES
CH 4 SUM
AP CHAPTER 3 FEDERALISMextra stuff
FEDERALISM = GOODELAZAR
STRENGTH & FLEXIBILITY
FEDERALISM = BADLASKI & RIKER
BLOCKS PROGRESSHELPS POWERFUL
LOCALS
AMERICAN FEDERALISMWAS BRAND NEW
FEDERALISM DEFINEDVERY VAGUE LANGUAGEARTICLE I, SEC. 8
(NECESSARY & PROPER CLAUSE)
FEDERALISM INCREASES POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT
MORE ACCESS POINTS OF POWER
WHY FEDERALISM?AFRAID OF A UNITARY GOV’T
THE CONFEDERATION DIDN’T WORK
STATES WANTED POWER & STABILITY
STATE / NATIONAL GOV’TS LIMITED PROTECTS INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY
TO GAIN SUPPORT FOR RATIFICATION
FDR
“THE NEW DEAL”
GREAT DEPRESSION
WORLD WAR II
LBJ
“THE GREAT SOCIETY”
ANTI-POVERTY
CIVIL RIGHTS
VIETNAM WAR
• Barack Obama
• FINANCIAL INST.– Regulations– Investment
• Auto Industry– Stock Purchases– Oversight Duties
• Health Care– Mandates
RONALDREAGAN
“In this present crisis,government is not thesolution to our problem;government is the problem.”
-1980
DEVOLUTION( Deregulation & Decentralization )
HOW THE FED. GOV’T GETS MONEY
Federalism
Chapter 3
Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry
Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy
Fourteenth Edition
Defining Federalism–Federalism: a way of organizing a
nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people
–Intergovernmental Relations: the workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state & local governments
Defining Federalism
Defining Federalism• Why Is Federalism So Important?
– Decentralizes our politics• More opportunities to participate
– Decentralizes our policies• Federal and state governments handle
different problems.–States regulate drinking ages,
marriage, and speed limits.• States can solve the same problem in
different ways and tend to be policy innovators.
““Pop” EssayPop” EssayHOW IS A PAPERCLIP LIKE FEDERALISM
The Constitutional Basis of FederalismThe Division of Power
Supremacy Clause: Article VI of the Constitution states the following are supreme:
The U.S. Constitution
Laws of Congress
Treaties
Yet, national government cannot usurp state powers.
Tenth Amendment
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
• Establishing National Supremacy
–Implied and enumerated powers
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
–Commerce Powers
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
–The Civil War (1861-1865)
–The Struggle for Racial Equality
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The Constitutional Basis of FederalismStates’ Obligations to Each Other
Full Faith and Credit: Each state must recognize official documents and judgments rendered by other states.
Article IV, Section I of Constitution
Privileges and Immunities: Citizens of each state have privileges of citizens of other states.
Article IV, Section 2 of Constitution
Extradition: States must (?) return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for punishment.
Intergovernmental Relations TodayDual Federalism
Definition: a system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
Like a layer cakeNarrowly interpreted powers of federal
government
Ended in the 1930s
Cooperative Federalism
Definition: a system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
Like a marble cake
Shared costs and administration
States follow federal guidelines
Intergovernmental Relations Today
Fiscal Federalism
Definition: the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system
The cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments
Intergovernmental Relations Today
Intergovernmental Relations Today
FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATES
Intergovernmental Relations Today
Fiscal Federalism
The Grant System: Distributing Federal $
Categorical Grants: federal grants that can be used for specific purposes; grants with strings attached
Project Grants: based on merit
Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas
Block Grants: federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs
Grants are given to states and local governments.
Intergovernmental Relations Today
Fiscal FederalismThe Scramble for Federal Dollars
$460 billion in grants every yearGrant distribution follows universalism—
a little something for everybody.
The Mandate BluesMandates direct states or local
governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant.
Unfunded mandates – Illegal from Feds
Intergovernmental Relations Today
Understanding FederalismFederalism and the Scope of Government
What should the scope of national government be relative to the states?
National power increased with industrialization, expansion of individual rights, and social services.
Most problems require resources afforded to the national, not state governments.
SummaryAmerican federalism is a governmental
system in which power is shared between a central government and the 50 state governments.
The United States has moved from dual to cooperative federalism; fiscal federalism.
Federalism leads to both advantages and disadvantages to democracy.
Understanding Federalism• Advantages for
Democracy– Increases access to
government– Local problems can be
solved locally– Hard for political parties or
interest groups to dominate all politics
• Disadvantages for Democracy– States have different
levels of service– Local interest can
counteract national interests
– Too many levels of government and too much money
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMIMPORTANT TERMS
BLOCK GRANTSCATEGORICAL GRANTSCONDITIONS OF AIDCONFEDERATION (OR CONFEDERAL
SYSTEM)DEVOLUTIONDUAL FEDERALISMFEDERAL SYSTEMGRANTS-IN-AIDINTERGOVERNMENTAL LOBBYINTERSTATE COMMERCE
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISM
IMPORTANT TERMSMCCULLOCH v MARYLAND (1819)MANDATESMEDICAIDNECESSARY-AND-PROPER CLAUSENEW FEDERALISMNULLIFICATIONREVENUE SHARINGSOVEREIGNTYTENTH AMENDMENTUNITARY SYSTEM
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMQUESTIONS
1-WHAT REASONS EXIST FOR STATES TO CONTINUE EXERCISING INDEPENDENT POWER?
2-CERTAIN AREAS OF NEVADA PERMIT PROSTITUTION; ALASKA UNTIL RECENTLY ALLOWED THE PRIVATE POSSESSION OF MARIJUANA. COULD THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT LEGALLY FORBID SUCH PRACTICES? EXPLAIN WHY OR WHY NOT.
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMQUESTIONS
3-DOES THE SYSTEM OF GRANTS-IN-AID UPSET THE BALANCE OF FEDERALISM?
4-what is the connection between intergovernmental lobbying and grant-in-aid?
5-why can’t federal agencies attack problems by producing and implementing a coherent systematic policy?