chapter 3 bodies of water influence climate and species...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3 Bodies of water influence climate
and species distribution
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Foldable page 81
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Weather vs. Climate
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Oceans and Climate
The presence of warm or cold water along coastlines plays an important role in affecting the climate of a region.
Water takes a relatively long time to heat up and a long time to cool down.
As a result, oceans can store large amounts of heat. Water has a high specific heat capacity.
Additionally, currents can transport that heat to other parts of the world.
In this way, ocean temperatures can noticeably affect the climate of coastal areas.
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During the summer months, it takes a long time for the ocean to heat up.
Once heated, oceans will stay warmer than the surrounding land mass through the fall and winter months.
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Oceans take a long time to cool down.
Once cooled, oceans will stay cooler than the surrounding land mass through the spring and into the summer.
This regulates the temperature of coastal areas.
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It prevents the area from being extremely hot in the summer and extremely cold during the winter.
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Convection Currents
As the Sun heats the surface of the ocean, heat is transferred to the air above it, making the air less dense. This less dense air then starts to rise.
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This rising air will eventually start to cool, become more dense, and sink towards the ocean surface.
The cycle then continues!
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Chapter 3 Assignment!
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Britain is as far north as Hudson's Bay, but their winters are mild enough to grow palm trees. This is due to the warm waters of the Gulf Stream Current.
Iceland: 10% is covered by glaciers‐ the warm waters of the Gulf Stream Current make the harbours ice‐free.
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The Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream
Our proximity to these currents affects our climate.
1) Frequency of fog
When the warm, moist air above the Gulf Stream blows over the colder water of the Labrador Current, it cools and condenses, producing fog.
2) Temperature fluctuations within short time frames
This occurs due to our location between warm, tropical winds moving north and cold, arctic winds moving south.
Read page 88
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Foldable Tab #1 How do convection currents affect the climate?
Explain how the Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream affect our climate.
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‐ The tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean near the equator receive more sunlight than any other area on Earth, making these waters very warm.
‐ These warm waters are usually carried westward by the Pacific trade winds.
‐ In springme, the trade winds slow down, and the Pacific ocean waters increase in temperature because the deep, cool water does not rise.
‐ Within a few weeks, the trade winds pick up again and the temperature returns to normal.
‐ However, every 3‐7 years, the trade winds do not increase aer having slowed down. This means that the surface water temperature connues to rise creang warmer than normal waters.
‐ These warmer than normal waters are known as El Nino and leads to unusual weather paerns.
El Nino and La Nina
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