chapter 25 the united states and world war ii. what happened at after pearl harbor? 5 million men...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 25
THE UNITED STATES AND WORLD WAR II
What happened at after Pearl Harbor?
• 5 million men volunteered for the armed services
• Draft was in place to complete the 10 million needed to join.
• Basic training to a group of men with no experience
How was the military expanded?
• George Marshall pushed for the formation of the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)
• Women in noncombat positions. (nurses, drivers, radio, operators, electricians, and pilots.
How did minority groups contribute to the military?
• 25,000 American Indians, 1 million African Americans, 50,000 Asian Americans, and 300,000 Mexican Americans served in segregated units.
How did businesses help the war effort?
• Plants retooled machines to produce tanks, planes, boats, cars, and various war supplies.
• Women and minorities were millions of the workers in the factories.
• A. Philip Randolph- called for equality in the workplace and was supported by FDR.
Rosie the Riveter
What was the purpose of the Manhattan Project?
• Office of Science Research and Development to improve sonar and radar.
• Manhattan Project- created the atomic bomb.
• Led by scientists Albert Einstein and J. Robert Oppenheimer.
• Secret operation
How did the government take control of the economy?
• Office of Price Administration- freezing prices on goods.
• Encouraged buying of war bonds
• Rationing- meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, gas, material collection sites.
• War Production Board- decided what companies would convert factories to war time production.
War Bonds
World War II Collection Bins
Gas Rationing
What was the Battle of the Atlantic?
• Germans wanted to prevent food and supplies from reaching Great Britain and the Soviets.
• Last 46 months and by mid 1943 the Allies were winning.
• 681 Allied ships were destroyed.
What happened at the Battle of Stalingrad (Leningrad)?
• Turning point of the war in Eastern Europe.
• Soviet people defended the city in horrible conditions from the Germans.
• Held off the Germans for over 900 days and over ½ the city’s population died. (Over 1 million Soviets dead)
What was happening in North Africa?
• Operation Torch- invasion of North Africa led by Dwight D. Eisenhower.
• Faced German general Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox)
• El Alamein (1942)- Battle in North Africa, Egypt.
Who were the heroes of World War II?
• Tuskegee Airmen- Defeated both Italian and German Air Force.
• Buffaloes- African American regiment that won many honors.
• Mexican Americans won 17 Congressional Medal of Honors.
• Nisei Regiment- Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team most decorated in History.
Who were the Navajo Code Talkers?
• Served in Marines from 1942-1945.
• Talk and transmit information on tactics, troop movements, orders and other vital battlefield information via telegraphs and radios in their native dialect.
• Helped win the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific.
What was the importance of D-Day?
• June 6, 1944- Allied Invasion of Normandy (France)
• Turning Point of the War in Western Europe
• Lead generals were Eisenhower, Bradley, and Patton.
• 3,000 American dead, 6,000 wounded.
• Beginning of the end for the Germans.
What was the Battle of the Bulge?
• Battle in December 1945 in Germany.
• Germans lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks and 1,600 planes.
• All the Germans could do is retreat.
How did the war in Europe end?
• American soldiers liberated Nazi death camps
• Hitler shot himself and his wife took poison.
• FDR dies on April 12, 1945 and Harry Truman becomes President.
• V-E Day- May 8 1945 victory in Europe Day
Who was Douglas MacArthur?
• Lead American General in the Pacific.
• Americans faced heavy losses in 1941-1942.
• Doolittle’s Raid- Pearl Harbor style raid over Japan.
• Battle of Coral Sea- May 1942 Americans began to turn back the Japanese
What was the Battle of Midway?
• Turning point of World War II in the Pacific- June 1942
• Admiral Charles Nimitz was the lead general.
• Used island hopping strategy
Who were the kamikazes?
• Japanese suicide plane attacks
• Supreme sacrifice for Japan and the Emperor.
What happened at the Battle of Iwo Jima?
• More than 6,000 U.S. Marines died. (1945)
• Only 200 Japanese troops survived
• American victory with a high cost in lives.
What happened at Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
• August 6 1945- the plane the Enola Gay drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
• August 9, 1945- Atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki
• Over 200,000 Japanese civilians die
• Forces Japan’s surrender
What was decided at the Yalta Conference?
• February 1945- Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill meet.
• Decided to divided Germany postwar.
• Creation of the United Nations postwar.
What were the Nuremberg Trials?
• Nazi war criminals were brought to trial on charges of crimes against humanity.
• Could not use defense “just following orders”
• Individual responsibility was now part of international law.
After World War II, what happened to Japan?
• Japan was occupied by U.S. military.
• More than 1,100 Japanese were put on trial for treatment of prisoners of war.
• General MacArthur helped Japanese write a new constitution.
What was the Geneva Convention?
• 1949- established rules for countries keeping prisoners of war.
Who was James Farmer?
• Founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
• Started to protest against segregation
What were the Zoot Suit Riots?
• Summer 1943- Anti-Mexican riots in Los Angeles
• Servicemen attacked Mexicans because it had been reported that Mexicans attacked other servicemen.
What was Japanese Internment?• Feb. 1942 Executive Order
9066- 110,000 Japanese Americans who lived on the West Coast were put into internment camps.
• 2/3 were Nisei or American born Japanese ancestry
• Lost homes and businesses.• Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)-
internment was a military necessity
• 1988- Japanese Americans received government reparations.
Japanese propaganda
Japanese Propaganda
Japanese Propaganda