chapter 22 introduction to plant kingdoms

7/29/2019 Chapter 22 Introduction to Plant Kingdoms

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Introduction to the PlantKingdom: Bryophytes

Chapter 22


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Colonization of Land

Plants required evolution of structural,

physiological, reproductive adaptations

Plants produce gametes in multicellular

gametangiathat contain a protective layer

of sterile cells


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KEY TERMS

CUTICLE

A noncellular, waxy covering over the

epidermis of aerial plant parts that reduces

water loss

STOMA

A small pore in the plant epidermis that allows

gas exchange for photosynthesis


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Plant Ancestors 1

Plants probably evolved from green algae

Similar biochemical characteristics:

pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenes,

xanthophylls)

cell-wall components (cellulose)

carbohydrate storage material (starch)


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KEY TERMS

SPORE

A reproductive cell that gives rise to individual

offspring in plants, fungi, and certain algae

and protozoa


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The Sporophyte Generation

First stage is zygote

Develops into an embryo, protected and

nourished by gametophyte plant

Mature sporophyte plant has spore

mother cellsthat undergo meiosis to

produce haploid spores First stage in gametophyte generation


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Bryophytes

Small, fairly simple plants

Nonvascular

Gametophyte is dominant generation

grows independently of sporophyte and isusually perennial


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Mosses

Leafy moss gametophytes develop from a

protonema

A moss sporophyte consists of a capsule,

a seta, and a foot


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KEY TERMS

PROTONEMA

In mosses, a filament ofn cells that grows

from a spore and develops into leafy moss

gametophytes

CAPSULE

Portion of the bryophyte sporophyte in which

spores are produced


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Foot

Capsule

Seta

Fig. 22-6c, p. 435


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KEY TERMS

LIVERWORT

A member of a phylum of spore-producing,

nonvascular, thalloid or leafy plants with a life

cycle similar to that of mosses


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KEY TERMS

THALLUS

A body that lacks roots, stems, or leaves

GEMMA

A small body of tissue that becomes detached

from a parent liverwort and is capable of

developing into a new organism


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Liverworts


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Gametophyte thallus

Antheridiophore

Fig. 22-10a, p. 440


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KEY TERMS

HORNWORT

A member of a phylum of spore-producing,

nonvascular thalloid plants with a life cycle

similar to that of mosses


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Hornworts

Hornwort gametophytes are thalloid; their

sporophytes form hornlike projections out

of the gametophyte thallus


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Hornwort


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Mosses

Colonize rock previously colonized by

lichens

Help form thin soil in which grasses and otherplants can grow

Grow in dense colonies Hold soil in place, help prevent soil erosion

chapter 22 introduction to plant kingdoms

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