chapter 21 world war 1 notes (revised december 2013)

Chapter 21Chapter 21

World War 1World War 1

The MAIN Causes The MAIN Causes of World War 1of World War 1

Woodrow Wilson fully intended to Woodrow Wilson fully intended to keep America out of foreign affairs.keep America out of foreign affairs.

Wants to build America from the Wants to build America from the inside-out, not go poking our nose in inside-out, not go poking our nose in other people’s business.other people’s business.

Other forces were working against Other forces were working against him though…him though…

The MAIN Causes The MAIN Causes of World War 1:of World War 1:MilitarismMilitarism

German Army grows German Army grows from 400,000 to from 400,000 to 700,000 soldiers 700,000 soldiers from 1870 to 1910from 1870 to 1910

Germany and Great Germany and Great Britain start Britain start producing the producing the DreadnoughtDreadnought

The MAIN Causes The MAIN Causes of World War 1: Alliancesof World War 1: Alliances

After a great deal of fighting and mistrust After a great deal of fighting and mistrust in the 1800’s in the 1800’s The Triple AllianceThe Triple Alliance was was formed with Germany, Italy, and Austro-formed with Germany, Italy, and Austro-Hungary all having each other’s backHungary all having each other’s back..

Scares the countries Scares the countries around them around them because alliances because alliances could lead to could lead to more imperialism.more imperialism.

So right…So right…

The MAIN Causes The MAIN Causes of World War 1: Alliancesof World War 1: Alliances

Three other countries in Europe will also Three other countries in Europe will also form an alliance called the form an alliance called the Triple Triple EntenteEntente, , formed between Great Britain, formed between Great Britain, Russia, and France.Russia, and France.• This is supposed to be a solely defensive This is supposed to be a solely defensive

alliance – If one country gets attacked, the alliance – If one country gets attacked, the others will back them up!others will back them up!

Not quite as concrete as the Triple Not quite as concrete as the Triple Alliance, but same concept.Alliance, but same concept.

See how alliances are playing a part?See how alliances are playing a part?

The Triple EntenteThe Triple Entente

The MAIN Causes The MAIN Causes of World War 1: Nationalismof World War 1: Nationalism

NationalismNationalism or or excessive pride for excessive pride for one’s country is going to play a one’s country is going to play a major influence in World War 1.major influence in World War 1.

This is most evident in the Balkan This is most evident in the Balkan Region, where Serbia wanted to Region, where Serbia wanted to continue it’s growth as a nation.continue it’s growth as a nation.

Austro-Hungary says: “Bad Idea”Austro-Hungary says: “Bad Idea” Russia says: “Go Ahead!”Russia says: “Go Ahead!”

The Spark that starts WW1The Spark that starts WW1

The Black Hand, Serbian Nationalists will The Black Hand, Serbian Nationalists will attempt to sendattempt to sendAustro-Hungary a message.Austro-Hungary a message.

They will sendThey will sendGavrilo Prinzip, Gavrilo Prinzip, to assassinate the to assassinate the Archduke of Archduke of Austro-Hungary.Austro-Hungary.

They succeed and kill They succeed and kill Franz Ferdinand Franz Ferdinand the future King the future King of the Austro-Hungaryof the Austro-Hungary

BANG!

The Spark that starts WW1The Spark that starts WW1

Serbia’s actions and handling of the Serbia’s actions and handling of the assassination is going to get basically assassination is going to get basically everyone in Europe upset somehow.everyone in Europe upset somehow.

Austro-Hungary vs. SerbiaAustro-Hungary vs. Serbia Russia vs. Austro-HungaryRussia vs. Austro-Hungary Germany vs. RussiaGermany vs. Russia Germany vs. FranceGermany vs. France Great Britain vs. GermanyGreat Britain vs. Germany

• Think that’s Think that’s confusing…throw in about …throw in about 26 other countries26 other countries

Alliances ChangeAlliances Change

The Triple Entente will become The Triple Entente will become The The Allied Powers Allied Powers as Italy switches as Italy switches sides and joins Great Britain, Russia, sides and joins Great Britain, Russia, and Franceand France

Because they are upset at Germany, Because they are upset at Germany, Italy will switch.Italy will switch.

The Triple Alliance becomes the The Triple Alliance becomes the Central PowersCentral Powers as as Germany, Germany, Austro-Hungary, The Ottoman Austro-Hungary, The Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria join togetherEmpire, and Bulgaria join together

Approximate Glimpse of AlliancesApproximate Glimpse of Alliances

America’s RoleAmerica’s Role

America is going to maintain a America is going to maintain a stance of stance of NeutralityNeutrality, , meaning that meaning that they aren’t going to support one side they aren’t going to support one side of the war effort or anotherof the war effort or another

Wilson asks everyone to stay neutral, Wilson asks everyone to stay neutral, but doesn’t enforce businesses to but doesn’t enforce businesses to stay out…big mistake.stay out…big mistake.

The British BlockadeThe British Blockade

They will use They will use PropagandaPropaganda or or extremely influential media designed extremely influential media designed to sway one’s opinion.to sway one’s opinion.

This will do a good This will do a good job of pushing Americajob of pushing America towards the war. towards the war.

The British BlockadeThe British Blockade

The British decide that the best way The British decide that the best way to beat the Germans is to starve to beat the Germans is to starve them.them.

They will set up a Blockade in the They will set up a Blockade in the North Sea, preventing ships from North Sea, preventing ships from delivering supplies to Germany.delivering supplies to Germany.

Unrestricted Submarine WarfareUnrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germans begin to grow Germans begin to grow desperate and hungry.desperate and hungry.

They then send out They then send out U-BoatsU-Boats or or German German Submarines, Submarines, intended to attack intended to attack British Dreadnoughts British Dreadnoughts and other British vesselsand other British vessels


Germany will declare unrestricted Germany will declare unrestricted submarine warfare…KILL submarine warfare…KILL ANYTHING!!!ANYTHING!!!

The U.S. says this isn’t fair to The U.S. says this isn’t fair to passenger ships.passenger ships.


The Germans will then sink the The Germans will then sink the LusitaniaLusitania a British ocean liner, killing a British ocean liner, killing 1,200 passengers – 128 Americans.1,200 passengers – 128 Americans.

Americans get very upset, but Wilson Americans get very upset, but Wilson keeps us out, and Germany apologizes.keeps us out, and Germany apologizes.

The Germans will sink another ship The The Germans will sink another ship The Sussex, this time injuring AmericansSussex, this time injuring Americans

The Lusitania CoinThe Lusitania Coin

Lusitania Coin pt. 2Lusitania Coin pt. 2


German and American diplomats will German and American diplomats will meet to sign the meet to sign the Sussex Pledge Sussex Pledge declaring that if Germany sank declaring that if Germany sank another ship without fair warning the another ship without fair warning the United States would enter the war United States would enter the war against them.against them.

This is essentially just another stall This is essentially just another stall attempt for Germany, and actually attempt for Germany, and actually gets Wilson re-elected because he gets Wilson re-elected because he keeps America out of war.keeps America out of war.

America Gets into the WarAmerica Gets into the War The final blow The final blow

occurs in January occurs in January 1917, as America 1917, as America intercepts the intercepts the Zimmerman Zimmerman TelegramTelegram promising to help promising to help Mexico regain Mexico regain territory if they territory if they will attack will attack America.America.

America Gets into the WarAmerica Gets into the War

Germans didn’t think we could Germans didn’t think we could mobilize fast enough, and they could mobilize fast enough, and they could do what they wanted.do what they wanted.

They sink 6 American ships in They sink 6 American ships in February and March 1917…The War February and March 1917…The War is Onis On

The Home FrontThe Home Front

Chapter 21 Section 2Chapter 21 Section 2

The DraftThe Draft

The U.S. navy was well-built, but the The U.S. navy was well-built, but the Army was still in shambles.Army was still in shambles.

To correct this problem the To correct this problem the government looked to government looked to ConscriptionConscription or or drafting citizens from civilian life drafting citizens from civilian life to build a country’s military.to build a country’s military.

The DraftThe Draft To be fair they would create the To be fair they would create the

Selective Service SystemSelective Service System in which in which all men fill outall men fill outa registration, a registration, and were randomly and were randomly selected for serviceselected for servicein either the navyin either the navyor army.or army.

The DraftThe Draft

24 Million Americans24 Million Americans will be will be registered; registered; 4 Million will be used4 Million will be used

Many Americans will join the war in Many Americans will join the war in hopes of high adventure, and great hopes of high adventure, and great stories.stories.

People volunteered without People volunteered without realizing…THIS IS A WAR.realizing…THIS IS A WAR.

How does this image How does this image appeal to citizens?appeal to citizens?

African-American and Women’s African-American and Women’s RolesRoles

380,000 of African Americans would 380,000 of African Americans would volunteer, or be conscripted into volunteer, or be conscripted into serviceservice, and serve brilliantly in the war., and serve brilliantly in the war.• To many African American activists they To many African American activists they

saw this as a way to prove themselves to saw this as a way to prove themselves to whites and earn civil rightswhites and earn civil rights

Women will also do their part and Women will also do their part and volunteer, mainly in the Army Nursing volunteer, mainly in the Army Nursing Corps.Corps.

Many Would Join the Red CrossMany Would Join the Red Cross

Building Necessary GoodsBuilding Necessary Goods

The The War Industries BoardWar Industries Board will be will be responsible for switching major responsible for switching major industries and their factories over industries and their factories over from consumer production to from consumer production to production of materials for war.production of materials for war.

Soldiers Need FoodSoldiers Need Food President Wilson will President Wilson will

approve taking food approve taking food from the citizenry and from the citizenry and providing it to the providing it to the military.military.• Problem?Problem?

Herbert HooverHerbert Hoover Head Head of the Food of the Food Administration,Administration,will ask Americans to will ask Americans to give up certain give up certain products on select products on select days.days.

Conservation Plays a Big RoleConservation Plays a Big Role

Help By Doing Your PartHelp By Doing Your Part

Making DoMaking Do Americans will be asked to plant Americans will be asked to plant Victory Victory

GardensGardens, where , where families plant fruit and veggies families plant fruit and veggies to feed themselves instead of buying these items to feed themselves instead of buying these items at the storeat the store• This will help save the food farmers are growing for This will help save the food farmers are growing for

use by the soldiers.use by the soldiers.

Turn Back the Clocks!Turn Back the Clocks!

This is also where we begin This is also where we begin Daylight Daylight Savings TimeSavings Time in in an attempt to cut an attempt to cut back on the number of hours non-back on the number of hours non-essential factories are openessential factories are open• This would help save coal This would help save coal

and other resources needed and other resources needed to give factories heat and to give factories heat and electricityelectricity

Getting To WorkGetting To Work

The The National War National War Labor BoardLabor Board would would be be established to established to make sure unions make sure unions don’t go on strike don’t go on strike during the war.during the war.

Filling the ShoesFilling the Shoes

Women are often going to take jobs Women are often going to take jobs in industries that were male-in industries that were male-dominateddominated, they are not guaranteed , they are not guaranteed to have these after warto have these after war

Minorities, including African Minorities, including African Americans and Mexican Americans Americans and Mexican Americans begin to migrate North, to better begin to migrate North, to better opportunities in factory jobs.opportunities in factory jobs.

Easy MoneyEasy Money

In an attempt at making money for the In an attempt at making money for the war the government would begin selling war the government would begin selling Liberty or Victory Bonds,Liberty or Victory Bonds, in essence in essence People would give the money to the People would give the money to the government, and later the government government, and later the government would pay them back money with interest.would pay them back money with interest.• For instance: I give the government $25 now, For instance: I give the government $25 now,

they fight the war, and in 10 years my $25 they fight the war, and in 10 years my $25 becomes $50 when the government pays me becomes $50 when the government pays me back.back.

Buy War Bonds!!!Buy War Bonds!!!

Do Your Part To Get Them Back!Do Your Part To Get Them Back!

Selling the WarSelling the War

The The Committee on Public Committee on Public InformationInformation will be assigned the will be assigned the task of getting people to support the task of getting people to support the war.war.

Some ways this is achieved is Some ways this is achieved is through speeches, motion pictures, through speeches, motion pictures, songs, etc.songs, etc.• Does it Work?Does it Work?

Lady Liberty!!!Lady Liberty!!!

Seriously…How Seriously…How cool does that cool does that

look?look?

What is a Hun? What is a Hun? What does this What does this make him look make him look

like?like?

1917 vs. 1776…coincidence?1917 vs. 1776…coincidence?

Silencing the HatersSilencing the Haters

The The Sedition ActSedition Act will will make it illegal make it illegal for people to speak out against the for people to speak out against the war.war.

To go further phones will be tapped To go further phones will be tapped as well.as well.

We will also begin eating Liberty We will also begin eating Liberty Cabbage, Salisbury Steak, etc. Cabbage, Salisbury Steak, etc. • See a pattern?See a pattern?

What does America think?What does America think?

A Bloody ConflictA Bloody Conflict

The Western FrontThe Western Front

The Germans had developed the The Germans had developed the Schlieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan, an , an aggressive aggressive strategy that tried to destroy France strategy that tried to destroy France on the Western Front first, then on the Western Front first, then change directions and fight Russia on change directions and fight Russia on the Eastern Front.the Eastern Front.

It It fails…• Developed in 1870 and wrong changes were madeDeveloped in 1870 and wrong changes were made• French have strong counter attackFrench have strong counter attack• Russia mobilizes faster than expectedRussia mobilizes faster than expected


British and French forces march to stop British and French forces march to stop the Germany advancementthe Germany advancement

To avoid losing ground in France, the To avoid losing ground in France, the Germans begin to dig trenches.Germans begin to dig trenches.

Unable to pass through the trenches, the Unable to pass through the trenches, the British and French dig their own trenches.British and French dig their own trenches.

As a result, the Western Front is created.As a result, the Western Front is created.

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

The trenches are dirty, rat-infested, The trenches are dirty, rat-infested, cold, and dangerous. cold, and dangerous.

World War 1 Brutality = New World War 1 Brutality = New Technology + Antiquated TacticsTechnology + Antiquated Tactics

Trenches will be separated by a Trenches will be separated by a No No Man’s LandMan’s Land or the area directly or the area directly between trenches, most casualties between trenches, most casualties will occur in this area.will occur in this area.

The Eastern FrontThe Eastern Front

Combatants: Russia vs. Germany and Combatants: Russia vs. Germany and Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary

AdvancementsAdvancements• Russia mobilizes troops to attack Russia mobilizes troops to attack

Germany after Germany attacks FranceGermany after Germany attacks France• Germany responds with a counter Germany responds with a counter

offensiveoffensive• This confrontation creates the Eastern This confrontation creates the Eastern

FrontFront

TheThe Russian Revolution Russian Revolution

Russian focus on Russian focus on the war will decrease the war will decrease quickly in 1917 when the quickly in 1917 when the March Revolution breaks out!breaks out!• February 1917February 1917

Czar Nicholas II loses power; abdicatesCzar Nicholas II loses power; abdicates

• Ineffective provisional government loses Ineffective provisional government loses controlcontrol

• October 1917October 1917 Communists take over powerCommunists take over power

The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution The The October Revolution: :

Ahh, Bolshevik!Ahh, Bolshevik!• The The BolsheviksBolsheviks will be a will be a

Communist political party Communist political party vying for power over the vying for power over the Russian government.Russian government.

• Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin will be the will be the leader of this party, and the leader of this party, and the man responsible for setting up man responsible for setting up a communist themed a communist themed governmentgovernment..

The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution

After the Bolsheviks take power, they After the Bolsheviks take power, they will quickly look to end the war by will quickly look to end the war by signing the signing the Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty of Brest-Litovsk giving up a great deal of Russian giving up a great deal of Russian land and recalling all Russian forces, land and recalling all Russian forces, giving the Eastern Front to Germany.giving the Eastern Front to Germany.


Germany can now focus all of their Germany can now focus all of their attention on the Western Frontattention on the Western Front

Their goal is to launch a massive Their goal is to launch a massive offensive, take Paris, and then turn offensive, take Paris, and then turn their attention to England and the their attention to England and the Americans. Americans.

What’s the What’s the problem with problem with this plan?this plan?

Americans in the WarAmericans in the War

We will send goods and troops over We will send goods and troops over in a in a Convoy SystemConvoy System designed to designed to offer protection to merchant ships by offer protection to merchant ships by providing a naval escort.providing a naval escort.

Americans in the WarAmericans in the War

The Battle of The Battle of the Argonnethe ArgonneForestForest

French andFrench andAmerican stop American stop the Germans, the Germans, and begin a and begin a counteroffensivecounteroffensive

Starts in late September, 1918, and Starts in late September, 1918, and through October, they begin to win the through October, they begin to win the war, as the Germans fell.war, as the Germans fell.

Battle of Belleau Battle of Belleau WoodWood

•June 1918June 1918•First Major action for First Major action for American troops, mainly American troops, mainly MarinesMarines•Germans had over 200 Germans had over 200 Machine Guns pointed Machine Guns pointed directly at Alliesdirectly at Allies•The Marines would be The Marines would be asked to ‘sweep the asked to ‘sweep the trenches’trenches’•Every time they Every time they cleared the trenches, cleared the trenches, more Germans showed more Germans showed up!up!•Took 6 tries before Took 6 tries before retreatretreat

AmericansAmericans in the War in the War

Battle of Saint-MihielBattle of Saint-Mihiel

•11stst Major American Major American battle offensive causes battle offensive causes the Germans to retreatthe Germans to retreat

•Germans end up Germans end up retreatingretreating

•We can’t follow We can’t follow because the Allies are because the Allies are too thintoo thin

•We capture a ton of We capture a ton of Germans, and both Germans, and both sides suffer about 7000 sides suffer about 7000 casualtiescasualties

•General Foch asks us General Foch asks us to join in the Meuse-to join in the Meuse-Argonne OffensiveArgonne Offensive

SainSaint-t-MihiMihielel

*


Meuse-Argonne Meuse-Argonne OffensiveOffensive

•Largest AmericanLargest Americaninvolved offensiveinvolved offensive

•Involves 3 WavesInvolves 3 Waves

•11stst – Successful Attack – Successful Attack on German Lineson German Lines

•22ndnd – Fresh Troops, – Fresh Troops, another surgeanother surge

•Lost BattallionLost Battallion

•Alvin YorkAlvin York

•33rdrd – Capture of – Capture of objectives…Germans objectives…Germans Surrender!!!Surrender!!!

•Allied Casualties 180,000Allied Casualties 180,000

•C.P. Casualties ~100,000C.P. Casualties ~100,000•Allies end up winning by overwhelming Allies end up winning by overwhelming Germans with fresh troops and more supplies! Germans with fresh troops and more supplies!


The EndThe End

All across Europe, support for the war All across Europe, support for the war will start dwindling; Austria-Hungary will start dwindling; Austria-Hungary will fall apart, the Turks give up, and will fall apart, the Turks give up, and Germany will ask the emperor to Germany will ask the emperor to back down.back down.

The The ArmisticeArmistice or agreement to stop or agreement to stop the fighting will be the fighting will be signed at 11:00 signed at 11:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918a.m. on November 11, 1918

Around the World: The Italian FrontAround the World: The Italian Front Italy broke its alliance with Germany and Italy broke its alliance with Germany and

Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary• Originially supposed to be a Defensive allianceOriginially supposed to be a Defensive alliance• The Allies promise them more land if they join up!The Allies promise them more land if they join up!

Italy wanted to move quickly and surprise Italy wanted to move quickly and surprise Austria- HungaryAustria- Hungary• Take several strategic cities right away.Take several strategic cities right away.

Similar to the Western Front, trench Similar to the Western Front, trench warfare bogged down the Italians’ warfare bogged down the Italians’ movement.movement.

Around the World: The Italian FrontAround the World: The Italian Front Italy is only ever able to advance a small Italy is only ever able to advance a small

amountamount

Around the World: TurkeyAround the World: Turkey The Gallipoli Peninsula is located in the The Gallipoli Peninsula is located in the

south part of Turkey connected to Europe.south part of Turkey connected to Europe.

Around the World: TurkeyAround the World: Turkey In 1915, the allied commanders decided to try to attack In 1915, the allied commanders decided to try to attack

Germany by attacking her ally, Turkey. Germany by attacking her ally, Turkey. Allied soldiers, mainly from Allied soldiers, mainly from

Australia and New Zealand, Australia and New Zealand, were sent to fightwere sent to fight

British ships tried to British ships tried to force a way through theforce a way through theDardanelles. Dardanelles.

The entire mission was a The entire mission was a failure.failure.

But Mr. Williams, we only talked But Mr. Williams, we only talked about Europe…about Europe…

World Territories Before the War!

Areas of Conflict Outside of Europe

African Campaigns!

Indian Involvement!

The Middle East Campaign

G.B. and the Arabs vs.

The Ottoman’s

Shaping a (Lasting?) Shaping a (Lasting?) PeacePeace

Section 4Section 4

The 14 Point PlanThe 14 Point Plan

Woodrow Wilson’s Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point Plan14 Point Plan will be will be designed to bring a quick end designed to bring a quick end to the war, and set up a lasting to the war, and set up a lasting peace afterwardspeace afterwards

The League of NationsThe League of Nations will be will be created with created with the 14the 14thth and most and most important point, creating a governing important point, creating a governing body to preserve peace in Europebody to preserve peace in Europe

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles

The Big Four: Wilson, Georges The Big Four: Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Orlando will meet to and Vittorio Orlando will meet to discuss the treaty.discuss the treaty.

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles will be will be signed using Wilson’s blue print but signed using Wilson’s blue print but offering much harsher repercussions offering much harsher repercussions for Germany.for Germany.


The Treaty will strip Germany The Treaty will strip Germany almost completely of all military almost completely of all military power, production power, land, and power, production power, land, and demand that they pay demand that they pay ReparationsReparations, or , or money for war money for war damages back to the Allies.damages back to the Allies.

• Included in their losses are overseas Included in their losses are overseas territories, parts of Poland, and for a territories, parts of Poland, and for a number of reasons the Alsace-Lorraine number of reasons the Alsace-Lorraine area…explain Williams, explain.area…explain Williams, explain.


All the Empires will be broken up and All the Empires will be broken up and barred for negotiating politically.barred for negotiating politically.

The Balkans will be given their wishes of The Balkans will be given their wishes of national distinction.national distinction.• Means each ethnic region will be given it’s own Means each ethnic region will be given it’s own

country based on population…except country based on population…except Czechoslovokia and Yugoslavia.Czechoslovokia and Yugoslavia.

Major focus on division of nations after Major focus on division of nations after WW1 is on ETHNICITY!!! (Keep people of WW1 is on ETHNICITY!!! (Keep people of the same culture together!the same culture together!

DISASTER!!!DISASTER!!!

Despite Wilson’s involvement, the Despite Wilson’s involvement, the U.S. Congress will not be impressed U.S. Congress will not be impressed with the treaty.with the treaty.

The United States will not join the The United States will not join the League of NationsLeague of Nations• Wilson’s biggest disappointment!Wilson’s biggest disappointment!

World War 1 CasualtiesWorld War 1 CasualtiesCountryCountry MobilizedMobilized K.I.A.K.I.A. Tot. Cas.Tot. Cas.

RussiaRussia 12,000,000 12,000,000 1,700,000 1,700,000 9,150,000 9,150,000

GermanyGermany 11,000,000 11,000,000 1,773,700 1,773,700 7,142,558 7,142,558

BritishBritish 8,904,467 8,904,467 908,371 908,371 3,190,235 3,190,235

FrenchFrench 8,410,000 8,410,000 1,357,800 1,357,800 6,160,800 6,160,800

Austria-Austria-HungaryHungary

7,800,000 7,800,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 7,020,000 7,020,000

ItalyItaly 5,615,000 5,615,000 650,000 650,000 2,197,000 2,197,000

U.S.U.S. 4,355,000 4,355,000 126,000 126,000 364,800 364,800

TurkeyTurkey 2,850,000 2,850,000 325,000 325,000 975,000 975,000

BulgariaBulgaria 1,200,000 1,200,000 87,500 87,500 266,919 266,919

•Total Military deaths from war: 10 million

•Total Civilian deaths from war: 9 million

Don’t forget about the effects on Don’t forget about the effects on the the land and cities!!! !!!

Other World Events Other World Events during WW1during WW1

Adding to all the frustrations is the Adding to all the frustrations is the Spanish FluSpanish Flu!!• Strain starts at Army base in KansasStrain starts at Army base in Kansas• In many cases, death came in days!In many cases, death came in days!• In just over a year of infections, the In just over a year of infections, the

death toll from this strain is over 50 death toll from this strain is over 50 million worldwide!!!million worldwide!!!

• Compare that with the death toll from Compare that with the death toll from the warthe war

• How would countries respond? How would countries respond?

Infirmary at Fort Riley, KSInfirmary at Fort Riley, KS

Dealing With the FluDealing With the Flu


After the war ends, society slowly After the war ends, society slowly begins to return back to normal.begins to return back to normal.

People no longer have to save for the People no longer have to save for the war effort, and can buy what they war effort, and can buy what they want.want.

Inflation Inflation will occur will occur where where businesses will raise the prices on businesses will raise the prices on goods in high demand.goods in high demand.


This rise in inflation means people This rise in inflation means people have a higher have a higher Cost of LivingCost of Living, or , or the the amount of money it takes to buy the amount of money it takes to buy the basics in our lives.basics in our lives.

This is going to lead to problems, in This is going to lead to problems, in that unions will again start striking to that unions will again start striking to get back their higher pays, so they get back their higher pays, so they can stay afloat in the economy.can stay afloat in the economy.


A A General StrikeGeneral Strike occurs when occurs when workers from different industries in a workers from different industries in a particular location all decide to strike particular location all decide to strike at onceat once..

In the case of Seattle it crippled the In the case of Seattle it crippled the city, and began to worry business city, and began to worry business owners in cities all across America…owners in cities all across America…European radicals also used this European radicals also used this technique.technique.


Will set a precedent for public safety Will set a precedent for public safety work.work.

75% of police force goes on strike, 75% of police force goes on strike, riots and chaos break out.riots and chaos break out.

Governor Calvin Coolidge refuses to Governor Calvin Coolidge refuses to let the city re-hire those strikers…let the city re-hire those strikers…they will instead hire a whole new they will instead hire a whole new police force.police force.


350,000 Steelworkers strike across the 350,000 Steelworkers strike across the country.country.• Higher wagesHigher wages• 8 hour work day8 hour work day• Union RecognitionUnion Recognition

Elbert H. GaryElbert H. Gary the the head of the U.S. Steel head of the U.S. Steel Corporation will back these strikes down Corporation will back these strikes down by refusing to negotiate.by refusing to negotiate.

This strike will be ineffective, and unions This strike will be ineffective, and unions will lose a great deal of their power, as will lose a great deal of their power, as they are portrayed as political radicals.they are portrayed as political radicals.

Big Steel Strike AnnouncementBig Steel Strike Announcement


The most glaring example comes in The most glaring example comes in Chicago when riots break out…all Chicago when riots break out…all from a couple of people throwing from a couple of people throwing stones at each other.stones at each other.

Young boy drowns, both sides erupt.Young boy drowns, both sides erupt. Aren’t happy until many are dead.Aren’t happy until many are dead.

Other World Other World Events Events

during WW1during WW1 One of the goals of Marx and Engels One of the goals of Marx and Engels

was to create a world-wide was to create a world-wide Communist utopia; This scares a lot Communist utopia; This scares a lot of people.of people.

Soviets will set up the Soviets will set up the Communist Communist InternationalInternational which which works to works to organize all Communist parties and organize all Communist parties and individuals world wide.individuals world wide.


The onset of Communism will lead to The onset of Communism will lead to The Red ScareThe Red Scare, or , or widespread panic widespread panic over the possibility of a Communist over the possibility of a Communist overthrow.overthrow.

Many people believed that the Many people believed that the Communists would stop at nothing to Communists would stop at nothing to spread their message, even going as spread their message, even going as far as to send bomb packages in the far as to send bomb packages in the mail to destroy democracy.mail to destroy democracy.


A. Mitchell PalmerA. Mitchell Palmer was was the U.S. Attorney the U.S. Attorney General, his home General, his home was the recipient of was the recipient of one of these mail one of these mail bombs, he will bombs, he will dedicate the rest of dedicate the rest of his career to his career to destroying the destroying the Communists.Communists.

A New Normalcy.A New Normalcy.

America had seen enough progress America had seen enough progress after the war, and now wanted to go after the war, and now wanted to go back to being just plain old America.back to being just plain old America.

For this reason, voters will select For this reason, voters will select politicians that will strive to create an politicians that will strive to create an environment which will focus on environment which will focus on America in the here and now, and America in the here and now, and continued prosperity.continued prosperity.

chapter 21 world war 1 notes (revised december 2013)

News & Politics

austrohungary germany

russia germany

main causes of world

war effort

war germans didnt

triple alliance

archduke of austro

triple entente