chapter 20 lecture two of two ©2012 pearson education inc

Chapter 20Lecture Two of Two

©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE TROJAN WARThe Gathering at Aulis


The Gathering at Aulis

• Menelaus appeals to Agamemnon• Odysseus resists going

– Pretends to be mad– Telemachus– Palamedes

• Calchas says Troy won’t fall without Achilles


The Gathering at Aulis

• The stories of Achilles’s near invincibility• Thetis, Achilles’ mother, hides him in a harem• Achilles exposed through the “gifts for the

girls”


Fig. 20.5Achilles and Chiron


Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples; Scala/Art Resource, New York

THE TROJAN WARThe Journey to Troy


The Journey to Troy

• Mysia and Telephus• Telephus gets his wound healed• The sacrifice of Iphigeneia at Aulis

– Clytemnestra brings her because of Agamemnon’s lie that she’s to be married to Achilles

– In some versions a doe is substituted for her at the last minute


Fig. 20.6Sacrifice of Iphigeneia at Aulis


Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples; University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

The Journey to Troy

• Philoctetes left on Lemnos because of his snake bite– Has the bow and arrows of Heracles and so will

have to be retrieved later in the war

• Protesilaus the first Greek killed in the war


THE TROJAN WARHelen on the Wall


Helen on the Wall

• Odysseus and Menelaüs try to negotiate, but to no avail

• Iliad begins not at the beginning of the war but in the tenth year– Not about the Trojan War but about what

happens to the Greeks when Achilles gets angry and leaves the army


Helen on the Wall

• Helen (implausibly) describes the Greek warriors to King Priam– Why should she be doing this only in the tenth

year?


PERSPECTIVE 20.2The Beauty of Helen


The Beauty of Helen

• Helen represents the ideal of feminine beauty and has inspired poets and painters since the Greek myth was first told.

• The perspective includes two short excerpts, one of Christopher Marlowe, and another of Edgar Allan Poe.

• See the chapter Perspective module on the companion website for links to images of Helen.


THE TROJAN WARThe Anger of Achilles


The Anger of Achilles

• Chryses• Chryseïs• Briseïs• Achilles nearly kills Agamemnon, but goes

away when Athena intervenes• Pleads to his mother Thetis to ask Zeus to

make the Greek suffer


The Anger of Achilles

• Iliad, 1.68 – • timê and geras


http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+1.68&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134

THE TROJAN WARHector and Andromachê


Hector and Andromachê

• Hector’s scene with his wife Andromachê and their infant son, Astyanax

• This scene, and other such domestic scenes, suggests that Homer was very sympathetic to the fate of Troy and its warriors


THE TROJAN WAREmbassy to Achilles


Embassy to Achilles

• After things go badly for the Greeks, Agamemnon repents and sends Ajax, Odysseus and Phoenix to Achilles to try to persuade him to come back

• He rejects their gifts and petition


Embassy to Achilles

• The Greeks are nearly defeated• Achilles allows his friend Patrocles to go into

battle in his armor• Patrocles is killed by Hector


Fig. 20.7 Embassy to Achilles


Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek, Munich

THE TROJAN WARThe Death of Hector


The Death of Hector

• Achilles gets new armor• His slaughter is so great that the river god

Scamander takes after Achilles and nearly kills him

• Eventually he kills Hector in single combat• He abuses the body of Hector


The Death of Hector

• But Achilles relents when Priam visits him and lets him take his body back for burial

• The Iliad ends with a line about the burial of Hector– This is the symbolic end of Achilles’s anger

which started the epic


Fig. 20.9The Ransom of Hector


Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien oder KHM, Wien

OBSERVATIONSHomer, Inventor of Plot and Character


Plot and Character

• The Iliad is a story about something – Achilles’s anger – and ends when his anger is released

• Thus it has a plot and isn’t just “one darn thing after another”

• His characters aren’t just action figures; they express their inner selves in action


End


chapter 20 lecture two of two ©2012 pearson education inc

Documents

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