chapter 2 properties of matter 2-1 classifying matter
DESCRIPTION
Pure Substances Matter that always has exactly the same composition is classified as a __________substance. Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed, _______ composition. Ex – Table ______ (Na) and _____(C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Can be classified into _______ and ______TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2 Properties Chapter 2 Properties of Matterof Matter
2-1 Classifying Matter2-1 Classifying Matter
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Objectives1. Classify pure substances as
elements or compounds2. Describe the characteristics of an
element and the symbols used to identify elements
3. Describe the characteristics of a compound
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Pure Substances• Matter that always has exactly the same
composition is classified as a __________substance.
• Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed, _______ composition.
• Ex – Table ______ (Na) and _____(C6H12O6)• Can be classified into _______ and ______
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Elements• ________ is a substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances.• _________are the smallest particle of an
element.• An element has a fixed composition
because it contains only_______type of atom.
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Examples of Elements• Most are ______– Aluminum (Al)
• Some are _______– Carbon (C)
• Two are liquids are room temperature – ________ (Br) and________ (Hg)
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Symbols for Elements• The ______ letter is always
capitalized• If there is a _______ letter it is not
capitalized -Na (sodium)• If the symbol contains only one
letter, it is _______ capitalized - C
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Compounds• A _________ is a substance that is made
from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances.
• A compound always contains ______or more elements joined in a fixed proportion.
• Ex. Water – ______
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Mixtures• The _________ of a mixture can
vary because of composition of a mixture is not fixed.
• Example - ________
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Beaker Breaker!!1.) Can an element or a compound be
broken down into simpler parts?
2.) What is an example of a pure substance?
3.)What are the building blocks of elements?
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What is a mixture?• Variable combination of____ or
more pure substances.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
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What is the difference between a homogeneous
and a heterogeneous substance?
•Heterogeneous: substance whose composition is ______ uniform throughout……always a __________
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What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous substance?
•Homogeneous: substance that is __________ (same) in its composition
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A mixture may be…•Homogeneous•(______)
•Heterogeneous•(________)
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Solutions• When substances ________ and form a
homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is called a_________.
• Ex: ____ water and _________ wiper fluid
• _______ passes through liquid solutions without being scattered in all directions
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Suspensions• A heterogeneous mixture that
________ into layers over time is called a _________.
• Ex: Shaking a jar of _______ and ______
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Colloids• A________contains some particles that
are intermediate in size between the small particles in solution and the larger particles in a suspension.
• _______ is a colloid of water droplets in air
• _________ of light is a property of a colloid
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Beaker Breaker!!1.) When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous
mixture, the mixture that forms is called a___________.
2.) Is fog an example of a colloid or a suspension?
3.) A heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time is called a_____________
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Solutions Cont.• Recall that a solution is a
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
• Two components1. _________2. _________
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Solutes• A ________ is a substance whose
particles are dissolved in a solution.
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Solvents• The substance in which the solute
dissolves is called the ________.
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Example• _______ solution• Solute = ______• Solvent = _______
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Beaker Breaker!!1.) A__________________is a substance whose
particles are dissolved in a solution.2.) The substance in which the solute
dissolves is called the ___________________.
3.) sugar in water – circle the solvent and underline the solute
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2-2 Physical Properties• A _________ property is any
characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material
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Examples of physical properties
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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Viscosity• The tendency of a liquid to keep
from flowing – __________ to flowing is called ________.
• Example - ________
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Conductivity• A material’s ability to allow _______
to flow is called _____________• Example : Metals = ______
conductivity or also know as _________
• Stirring soup with a________spoon verses wooden spoon
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Malleability• Malleability is the ability of a solid
to be_________ without shattering.
• Ex gold and ___________
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Hardness• One way to compare the hardness
of two materials is to see which of the materials can _________ the other.
• Ex: Kitchen knife (stainless steel) scratching _________
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Melting Point and Boiling Point
• The temperature at which a substance changes from a _______to a ______ is its ________point.
• The temperature at which a substance __________ is its _______point
• Ex: _______ at 0 degrees Celsius and 100 degrees Celsius
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Density• _______can be used to test the purity of
a substance.
• Density = Ex: Silver coin density = 9.9g/cm3
Actual density of silver = 10.5g/cm3
Coin is not _______silver
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Beaker Breaker!!1.) Name one of the seven physical
properties________________2.) Which physical property is defined as a
material’s ability to allow heat to flow?
3.) Aluminum and Gold are examples are what physical property?_____________
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Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
1. ________ is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles
2. ___________ is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their _______ points.
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Recognizing Physical Changes
• A __________ change occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remains the same.
• Ex: slowly heating butter in a pan –changes from solid to liquid, but the substance in the butter remains the _________.
• _________ a tomato• Crumpling a piece of paper
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Chemical Properties• A ________ property is any ability to
produce a change in the___________ of matter.
• Chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are ________ into different substances.
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Examples1. ___________ is a material’s ability
to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Ex. __________ and _________
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Reactivity• The property that describes how readily
a substance combines chemically with other substances is ____________.
• Example – _________ in air________ is highly reactiveNitrogen has a ______ reactivity- _______ is another example
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Recognizing Chemical Changes
• A ________ change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more _______ substances.
Examples: cake ______ in oven leaves on trees change ____ food ________ in your
stomach
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Three common types of evidence
1. Change in _______
2. The production of a ________
3. The formation of a _________
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A change in color• Ex: ________tarnishing a ________ burning then turning
black and shrivels
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Production of a Gas• Ex: Combining vinegar and baking
soda – _________of carbon dioxide form
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Formation of a Precipitate
• Any __________that forms and separates from a liquid mixture is called a _____________.
• Ex: when acid is added to _____, proteins in the milk undergo a chemical change that alters their structure, causing them to stick together in ___________
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Is a change chemical or physical?
• When matter undergoes a chemical change, the _________ of matter changes.
• When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter remains the________.
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Beaker Breaker!!1.) What is one of the three common types of evidence
of a chemical change?
2.) Any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture is called a__________
3.) Gasoline and paper is an example of what chemical property?