chapter 2 powerpoint presentations
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Most Common ViewMost Common View
• Hunters crossed a land bridge from Asia to America near the end of the last Ice Age.
Important Civilizations Developed Important Civilizations Developed in the Americasin the Americas
• Olmecs
–Earliest known
–Lived along the Gulf of Mexico
–Carved huge stone heads
Imp. Civilizations, cont.Imp. Civilizations, cont.• Mayas
–rain forests of Guatemala and Mexico
–Developed concept of Zero–Priests & nobles at the top of society; laborers & farmers at the bottom
Imp. Civilizations, cont.Imp. Civilizations, cont.• Aztecs
–Central Mexico@Lake Texcoco; capital-Tenochtitlan
–Constructed causeways and chinampas (floating gardens)
–Society: Emperor, Priests & nobles, warriors, merchants & artisans, farmers, slaves
Imp. Civilizations, cont.Imp. Civilizations, cont.• Incas
–W. Coast of S. America–Built huge system of roads–Kept numerical gov’t and trade records w/ a quipu
–Thought of emperor as a god
Early Cultures of N. AmericaEarly Cultures of N. America
• Southwest-
–Hohokams dug irrigation ditches for farming the desert
–Anasazis built large houses of adobe ( sun dried) brick
Culture AreasCulture Areas
• Northwest-
–Families held potlatch ceremonial dinners to show off their wealth.
Culture AreasCulture Areas
• Southeast
–Warm, moist climate great for fishing and farming; the Natchez were in this area
Culture AreasCulture Areas
• Arctic –Groups like the Inuits hunted seals in the arctic waters. They used all of the seal, including the meat, skin, fat, and bone.
Culture AreasCulture Areas
• Intermountain
–Groups like the Utes lived in cold, dry conditions unsuitable for farming. They gathered roots and hunted mountain sheep.
Culture AreasCulture Areas
• Great Plains
–The Cheyennes and other groups relied on the buffalo for basic needs
What did they have in common?What did they have in common?
A deep respect for nature, including animals and the forces of nature…They believed that people must adapt to the natural world to maintain balance.
In common…cont.In common…cont.
• Ceremonies @harvest–The Pueblo groups had Kachinas, spirits believed to bring good harvests, represented by masked dancers @ their harvest ceremonies.
Iroquois ConfederacyIroquois Confederacy
• The Eastern Woodlands of NY were home to the Iroquois, the “People of the Long House.”
Iroquois WomenIroquois Women
Owned the household property
Planted and harvested the crops
Chose clan leaders
League of IroquoisLeague of Iroquois
• Led by 50 Iroquois sachems(tribal leaders)
• An alliance of the 5 Iroquois nations to end fighting between them
• Muslims followed the teachings of Muhammad as they still do today. These teachings are found in the Quran.
• As Muslims traded with others in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, they began the 1st global age.
• The most famous trade route, although quite dangerous, was the Silk Road, which linked China with the Middle East.
• When the new emperor Zheng He came to power in 1402, he sent traders to Southeast Asia, Arabia, and Africa.
• In Africa the city-states in the East and the kingdoms of the West were the centers for trade. In between lay the great Sahara Desert.
• To the East was Zimbabwe, Kilwa, and Sofala. They spoke Swahili, and they were the ports that exported African gold, ivory, and hardwood to India and China.
• The most important city was Timbuktu. It was the seat of culture and education, and the home of the most famous West African ruler, Mansa Musa.
Jews and ChristiansJews and Christians
• Both believed in one God, who determined their laws and moral behaviors.
• Christians followed the teachings of Jesus, who they believed was the Messiah(Savior) promised to the Jews.
• During the time of the Roman Empire, Christians began sending missionaries throughout Europe to teach about Jesus.
Greeks and RomansGreeks and Romans
• Greeks practiced direct democracy, with ordinary citizens voting.
• Two things that helped the Roman Empire spread:Law- all were equal under the law
Language-Latin connected people from diverse regions. It is the basis for Romance languages today.
The Crusades and TradeThe Crusades and Trade
• The “Holy Wars” between Christians and Muslims lasted about 200 years, from 1100 to 1300.
• European Christians gathered new ideas, new goods, and new technologies that they wanted to have back home.
During the RenaissanceDuring the Renaissance
• Gutenberg invented the printing press. More people had the opportunity to read.
• European rulers developed powerful monarchies, but couldn’t control Muslim and Italian merchants of the Mediterranean area.