REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREAccordingtoNational Instituteonalcohol abuseandalcoholism(NIAAA, 2002)Themajor public health concern of whom college students are involved is alcohol use Ages between!"#2$ drin%s in a group including their friends who are not enrolled in college &roblem or stresswill push them to do so'evelopmental ps(cholog( suggests that from infanc( through to adulthood, people learnabout alcohol b(meansofdirect andindirect mechanismssuchasparental modelling, peermodelling and media representations, as well as more formal educative e)periences, allinfluenced b( biological states (*elleman, 200+) ,esearch has suggested that it is a combinationof factors, rather thanan(onesinglefactor, whichleadadolescents toengageinproblembehaviours such as the use of alcohol (eg &errine - Aloise#.oung, 200$) ,is% factors are thosefactors which when present ma%e onset, development and maintenance of problem behavioursmore li%el(, with the reverse broadl( true of protective factors (eg /oie et al, !++01 2aw%ins,/atalano, - 3iller, !++2) 2owever, these factors e)ert influence and act in a comple) wa( andin particular, there is an interaction between ps(chological (eg personalit() and social (eg peerinfluence) factorsthat together contributetoma%ingproblembehaviours moreli%el((4la(,d5Avernas, 6est, 7ersell, - ,(an, !+"01 &etraitis, 4la(, - 3iller, !++8) An individual5s overallris% profile therefore results from the interaction of personal dispositions and environmental ris%factors (/oie et al, !++01 2aw%ins et al, !++21 ,utter, 20091 *elleman, 200+)According to :a;arus and 4ol%man (!+"$), stress occurs when individuals of an( ageperceive environmental demands that e)ceed their resources uist, - ?tarrin, 20!!) and more strict parental rules on alcohol are alsorelatedtoless problematicdrin%ingbehaviour inearl(adolescence(vander *orst, =ngels,'e%ovic, 3eeus, - *ermulst, 2009) and in people aged between ages !! and !@ (ears (3c7a(,?umnall, Aoudie, 4ield, - /ole, 20!!) The relationship that an individual has with a peer groupcan function both as a source of social support and as a source of temptation and endangerment(3ichael - 6en Bur, 2009) ?ome research has suggested that peers ma( be more influentialthan parents in contributing to initiation and escalation of substance use in earl( adolescence(6eal, Ausiello, - &errin, 200!1 :i, &ent;, - /hou, 2002) 6roadl( spea%ing, peer use (6orsari-/are(, 200@1 ? 'uncan, T 'uncan, 6iglan, -Ar(, !++"1 ?wadi, !+++1 Thompson-Auslander, 2009), peer influence (=llic%son, 6ird, Crlando, 7lein, -3c/affre(, 20001?pij%erman, vanden=ijnden, Cverbee%, -=ngels, 20091 *elleman, 200+), peer pressuresusceptibilit( (?obec%, Abbe(, Agius, /linton, -2arrison, 2000), peer norms and peerrelationships (.eh, /hiang, -2uang, 200@), have all been found to influence drin%ingbehaviours Indeed 4lanner(, *a;son(i, Tor>uati, and 4ridrich (!++") suggested that perceivedsusceptibilit( to peer pressure, coupled with having a friend who was a drin%er, was the mostconsistent predictor of substance use among adolescentsAdolescence is a period of passage that mar%s the end of childhood and the beginning ofadulthood It is considered as one of the critical transitions in the life span because of the drasticchange in the adolescents5 ph(sical appearance and the changes in the e)pectations of others(&illitteri, 2009) It is a period with ages between !! and 20 It is classified into earl( period,middle period and late period Adolescents with ages !! to !$ belong to earl( period while !8 to!9 (ears old belong to middle period and finall(, adolescents ages from !" to 20 belong to thelate period The changes, opportunities, pressures, s%ills, and resources available to (oung peoplediffer during this sub phases (2oc%enberr( - Dilson, 200+)&h(sical development during the adolescent (ears is characteri;ed b( dramatic changes insi;eandappearance Airlse)periencebuddingofthebreastsfollowedb(theappearanceofpubic hair About ! (ear after breast development, height increases rapidl( Arowth in height ingirls t(picall( ceases 2 to 2!E2 (ears after menarche (3c7inne(, 2008)6o(s also e)perience ph(sical changes, but those changes are not as obvious as in girls6o(5s Frst e)perience testicular enlargement, followed in about ! (ear b( penile enlargement&ubic hair usuall( precedes the growth of the penis The growth spurt in bo(s occurs later than itdoes in girls, beginning between ages !0!E2 and !@ (ears and ending between !0!E2 and !9!E2(ears Arowth does continue at a much slower pace for several (ears after the spurt but usuall(ceases between !" and 20 (ears of age (3c7inne(, 2008)3usclemassincreasesinbo(s, andfat depositsincreaseingirls 6ecauseofgreatermuscle mass, full( developed adolescent bo(s tend to be larger and stronger than adolescent girls(3c7inne(, 2008)&h(sicall(, rapid and dramatic ph(sical changes often create stressors that will re>uire theadolescents to ps(chologicall( and sociall( adapt Thus, contributing to their increasedconsumption of alcohol (