chapter 2 cell structure and function lesson 1: cells and life (pages 42 – 48)
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Function
Lesson 1: Cells and Life (pages 42 – 48)
Basic Cell Substances• What is a macromolecule?
o Large organic molecules that form when smaller molecules are joined together.
o Many times made up of repeating subunits.
Basic Cell Substances
• Water:o Essential to all lifeo Makes up 70 percent of
a cell’s volume.o Surrounds and insulates
cells to help maintain homeostasis.
o Dissolves substances so they can move in and out of the cell.
Basic Cell Substances
• Watero The chemical
properties of water help it to dissolve substances.
Positive end
Negative end
Basic Cell Substances• Water
o The negative and positive ends help water dissolve substances such as salt.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBfGcTAJF4o
Basic Cell Substances
• Why is it important for cells to have substances dissolved in water?o Large Molecules – such as glucose - need to be
dissolved (in liquid form) in order to pass in and out of the cell.
Glucose
Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
Basic Cell Substances
• Four Basic Macromolecules that make up living cells.oCarbohydrateo Proteino LipidsoNucleic Acids
MacromoleculesMacromolecule Description Examples Major role in living things
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Macromolecules made up of long chains of nucleotides.
Macromolecules made up of long chains of amino acids.
A large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water.
A macromolecule made up of one simple sugar, or a long chain of sugars molecules
DNA or RNA
amylase, keratin
cholesterol, phospholipids, vitamin A
sugar (fruit) and starches (bread)
-Contain genetic information that is passed from parent to offspring.
-help cells communicate-transport substances-break down nutrients-provide structural support
-help form protective barriers-major part of cell membrane-energy storage-help cells communicate
-structural support-energy storage-help cells communicate
Carbohydrates• Sugars and starches are both examples of
carbohydrates.• What is the relationship between a sugar
and a starch?
Glucose (sugar) Starch
Nucleic Acids• Nucleic Acids - such as DNA and RNA
- are made up of repeating units called Nucleotides.
Proteins• Proteins are made up of repeating
units called amino acids.
Lipids• Large macromolecules that are not
soluble in water.• This inability to dissolve in water allows
lipids to form protective barriers in cells.
Lipids are the major component in cell membranes