Cells: Part 2 Structure and Function

Moss Cells

Blood Cell

Cheek Cells

Onion Cells

I. Plant and Animal Cell

Fixed structure.Has a cellulose cell wall and a cell membrane Chlorophyll in chloroplastsLarge vacuoles

Can change shape.No Cellulose cell wallNo Chlorophyll or chloroplastsSmall or no vacuoles

Question

Looking at the plant and animal cell diagram:

1. Explain how the cells are the same.

____________________________________

2. Explain how the cells are different.

____________________________________

Question

Looking at the plant and animal cell diagram:1. Explain how the cells are the same.Both plant and animal cells have the same parts –

ribosomes, nucleus, golgi bodies, cell membrane and others.

2. Explain how the cells are different.Plant cells are octagon shape with extra cell parts

like the chloroplast and the cell wall.Annimal cells are more rounded.

II. Looking Inside Eukaryotic Cells/ Cell Parts

Outer Coveringa. Cell Wall

1. Found only in plants2. Made of cellulose (hard)3. Function ( ____)is to protect and support the plant cell4. Ex. Dried straw or wood are made of dead cell walls you can see

Straw

Dead Cell Walls

Outer Covering (cont.)

b. Cell Membrane1. Inside cell walls of

plants and outer covering of animal cells

2. Function is to protect and support

3. Main function is to keep cytoplasm in and allow nutrients in and waste out

Questions

1. What is the function of the cell wall?

___________________________________

2. The main job of the cell membrane is ___

___________________________________.

3. The kind of organism with a cell wall is a

___________________________________.

Questions

1. What is the function of the cell wall?

Protect and support the plant cell.

2. The main job of the cell membrane is protect and support the animal cell/ and let things in or out of the cell.

3. The kind of organism with a cell wall is a

Plant.

III. Inside the Cell

Nucleus (“kernal or nut”)

1. The control center of the cell (BRAIN)-directs all the cell activities2. Stores the DNA that has information on how to make the cell’s protein

i. Nuclear Membrane1. Surrounds and protects the nucleus

a.

Nucleus (cont.)

ii. Nucleolus1. Small structure floating in the nucleus2. Stores the materials that will be used to make ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Nucleus (cont.)

iii. Chromatin1. Thin strands of DNA2. Contain the genetic material that give the cell instructions 3. Ex. The chromatin in a leaf cell tells the cell to grow and divide to form new leaf cells

Questions

1. What is the job of the nucleus?

___________________________________

2. If the nucleus were a part of the human body, what part would it be? __________

Questions

1. What is the job of the nucleus?

Controls the activities of the cell.

2. If the nucleus were a part of the human body, what part would it be? brain

b. Cytoplasm

1. Area between cell membrane and nucleus2. Thick, gel-like substance3. Organelles (the cell parts) float within the cytoplasm.

Question

1. What are organelles?

___________________________________

2. What is the liquid organelles float in inside

the cell? ____________________________

Question

1. What are organelles?

All the parts of the cell.

2. What is the liquid organelles float in inside

the cell? cytoplasm

IV. More Organelles in the Cytoplasm

a. Mitochondria1. Bean- shaped2. “Power-house” of the cell- produce most of the energy cell needs to carry out its functions3. Breaks down food molecules to make ATP 4. Can only work when they have oxygen- it is why we breathe5. Muscle cells have several mitochondria

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.)

b. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

1. Flat-like tubular passageways

2. Makes lipids

3. Breaks down drugs and other substances that could harm the cell

4. Packages up proteins carries them from one part of the cell to another

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.)

c. Ribosomes1. Small round grain-like bodies2. Site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins- “protein factories”3. Smallest and most abundant organelle

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.)

d. Golgi Bodies1. Flattened collection of sac and tubes2. Receives proteins, packages them and releases to other parts of the cell-“mailroom”3. Releases materials outside the cell

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.)

e. Vacuoles1. Large, round structure or water-filled sac2. Stores water, food, and waste3. All plants have these; some animal cells do- others do not4. Ex. Crispy lettuce= vacuoles full of water; wilted lettuce= empty water vacuole5. Ex. Roses are red= colorful liquid stored in vacuoles

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.)

f. Lysosomes1. Small round structure containing chemicals (enzymes)2. Pour enzymes into a vesicle that contains food particles- to digest them 3. Destroy worn-out or damaged organelles4. Get rid of waste materials and protects the cell from foreign invaders5. Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders- “clean-up crew”

Organelles in the Cytoplasm (cont.)

g. Chloroplasts1. Found only in plants and algae2. Energy-converting organelle3. Contain chlorophyll- makes chloroplasts green4. Sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll and used to make sugar (food) for the cell- called photosynthesis

Questions

1. In the cell each part has a function or ________. List the jobs of each cell part:a. Mitochondria – makes ________b. ER - ________ and __________c. Ribosomes- make ___________d. Golgi bodies - ______________f. Vacuoles – store ____________g. Chloroplast - _______________

2. Which organelle is the most abundant in the cell? _____________

3. Which cell parts are found only in plants? __________4. What makes chloroplast green? _________________

Questions

1. In the cell each part has a function or job. List the jobs of each cell part:a. Mitochondria – makes the energy - ATPb. ER - packages and carries proteinsc. Ribosomes- make proteinsd. Golgi bodies – receives protein packages and releases them to other cell parts.f. Vacuoles – store food, water and wasteg. Chloroplast – makes sugar (food) for the cell

2. Which organelle is the most abundant in the cell? ribosome

3. Which cell parts are found only in plants? cell wall, chloroplasts, sometimes vacuoles.

4. What makes chloroplast green? chlorophyll