Chapter 2 & 3: States of Matter

I can explain the relationship between matter, atoms, and elementsI can distinguish between elements and compoundsI can write chemical formulasI can distinguish between pure substances and mixturesI can identify chemical and physical propertiesI can compare and contrast physical changes and chemical changesI can describe four common states of matterI can list the different changes of state of matterI can state the law of conservation of mass and conservation of energyI can explain how gases differ from solids and liquidsI can describe what density is and how to calculate density using an equation or graph

CHAPTER 2, SECTIONS 1-3

Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space

Matter: Everything is Made of!

There are two types of matter:

• 1. Pure SubstancesElementsCompounds

• 2. MixturesHomogeneous (same all the way throughout)Heterogeneous (different throughout)

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space!

Pure substances (can not be broken into

simpler compounds and still maintain the same

properties)

Elements(1 – simple)

Compounds(2 or more)

Homogeneous(same throughout)

Examples:SilverGoldOxygenHydrogenCarbon

Examples:Salt: NaClCarbon dioxideWaterMgBr2

Examples: Kool-AidCoffeeSalt waterThe air we breatheHershey bar

Examples:Hershey bar (with almonds)Pizza Vegetable soup SaladBlood

All pure substances are homogeneous

Mixtures(made of two or more

substances that can easily be separated)

Heterogeneous(not same throughout)

Classify the Following Examples as Heterogeneous or Homogeneous:

• Hershey Bar? ______________________

• Snickers Bar? ______________________

• Pizza? ____________________________

• Italian Dressing? ___________________

• Hot Chocolate? ____________________

Homogeneous

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous

Properties of Matter

Used to describe or identify matter• Color• Shape• Texture• Size• Melting point• Boiling point• Malleability• Density

Density

A measurement of how much matter is in a certain volume of a substance• Low density = “light”• High density = “heavy”

Determines if an object will sink or float

Density = Mass / Volume

Practice Problem #1 (density = mass/volume)

List items which will float on the particular sample of ice from the previous problem:• ____________• ____________• ____________

AirWoodMethanol

Chemical Properties

Used to describe how matter reacts• Flammability • Toxicity• Heat of combustion• Oxidation state(s)• Half-Life

Chemical Change vs.

Physical ChangeChemical Change: A change that occurs to produce new substances (cannot be reversed)

Physical Change: a change that does not produce a new substance(can be reversed)

Color Change Tearing

Production of Heat/Light Cutting

Formation of precipitate Folding

Formation of a gas Painting

Example: rust Melting

Example: baking Freezing

Example: food digestion Boiling

Example: rotting Dissolving

Example: leaves changing color Example: ice cube melting

Classify the Following Examples as Physical or Chemical Change:

• Tearing paper? ____________________

• Boiling Water? ____________________

• Making Kool-Aid? __________________

• Teeth Rotting? ___________________

Physical

Physical

Physical

Chemical

Ways to Separate a Mixture Stir with a magnet to separate magnetic

from nonmagnetic materials

A centrifuge is a device that separates solid from a liquid by spinning tubes in a circle like a washing machine spins. The solid particles settle to the bottom of the tube.

Filtration is the removal of a solid from a liquid by the liquid passing through the pores of the filter paper, and the paper trapping the solid.

CHAPTER 3, SECTION 1

Matter Changes by Adding or Removing Energy (aka heat)

Matter Can NEVER be Created or Destroyed

Law of Conservation of Mass • States that matter can be changed from one form

into another, but the total amount of mass remains constant