chapter 19: waste management...2014/07/28 · convention) annex i – vi (ref. 19.4) (bulgaria has...

URS-EIA-REP-202375

Chapter 19: Waste Management

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Table of Contents 19 Waste Management ................................................................................. 19-1

19.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 19-1 19.1.1 Applicable Legislation, Standards, and Guidelines ................................... 19-2

19.1.1.1 International Legislation, Standards and Guidelines ........................ 19-2 19.1.1.2 National Legislation....................................................................... 19-7

19.1.2 Baseline Conditions .............................................................................. 19-7

19.2 Methodology and Assessment Criteria ............................................................... 19-16

19.3 Project Wastes ................................................................................................ 19-17 19.3.1 General .............................................................................................. 19-17 19.3.2 Wastes Arising from the Project .......................................................... 19-18

19.3.2.1 Construction and Pre-Commissioning ........................................... 19-18 19.3.2.2 Operational Phase....................................................................... 19-28 19.3.2.3 Decommissioning and Closure ..................................................... 19-29

19.4 Mitigation Measures......................................................................................... 19-31 19.4.1 General Approach to Waste Management ............................................. 19-31 19.4.2 Specific Mitigation Measures ............................................................... 19-32

19.4.2.1 Landfall Section .......................................................................... 19-32 19.4.2.2 Nearshore and Offshore Section .................................................. 19-34 19.4.2.3 Summary ................................................................................... 19-36

19.4.3 Monitoring ......................................................................................... 19-42 19.4.4 Assessment of Residual Impact Significance ......................................... 19-43

19.5 Unplanned Events ........................................................................................... 19-48

19.6 Cumulative Impacts ......................................................................................... 19-49

19.7 Conclusions..................................................................................................... 19-49

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Tables Table 19.1 Summary of International Waste Management Requirements ............................. 19-2

Table 19.2 Relevant Requirements for Disposal of Garbage under MARPOL Annex V ............ 19-5

Table 19.3 IFC Guidelines and Performance Standards Relevant to Waste Management ....... 19-6

Table 19.4 Summary of National Waste Management Legislation ........................................ 19-8

Table 19.5 Waste Management Facilities in the Vicinity of the Project ................................ 19-13

Table 19.6 Magnitude of Waste Impacts .......................................................................... 19-17

Table 19.7 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Landfall Section Construction and Pre-Commissioning Activities ................................................................................................ 19-22

Table 19.8 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Offshore Construction and Pre-Commissioning Activities ................................................................................................ 19-27

Table 19.9 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Operational Phase (Onshore and Offshore) ...................................................................................................................... 19-30

Table 19.10 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Decommissioning Activities ..... 19-31

Table 19.11 Recommended Contents of the Waste Management Plans .............................. 19-32

Table 19.12 Mitigation and Management Measures .......................................................... 19-37

Table 19.13 Evaluation of Mitigation Measures ................................................................. 19-43

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19 Waste Management

19.1 Introduction

This chapter presents an assessment of the potential waste arising from the Project. It relates to solid waste and sludges, non-aqueous liquid waste, and wastewater generated from the treatment of sewage.

The methodology used to assess potential waste impacts differs slightly from that detailed in Chapter 3 Impact Assessment Methodology due to the unique nature of waste when considered as a Project impact. Unlike many other impact categories, waste is a product of the Project and impacts from waste will depend on the ability of facilities and the waste management infrastructure to store, transport, treat and dispose of waste in a safe and environmentally sound manner. There are a number of applicable legislative requirements and standards that exist which must be adhered to, as well as a range of potential waste management mitigations and practices that can be applied.

This chapter describes the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Project based on wastes anticipated to be generated by Project activities (see Chapter 5 Project Description). In light of this, available waste facilities capable of receiving anticipated Project wastes were identified (Section 19.1.2).

The waste impact assessment section (Section 19.3) identifies the type and volume of wastes anticipated and describes the potential impacts arising from the management of wastes. It is recognised that impacts can arise throughout the waste management process and therefore the generation, storage, collection and transport, reuse, recycling, recovery, treatment and disposal of waste are considered.

In contrast to the other impact assessment chapters, pre-mitigation significance of impacts is not assessed in this chapter because it is not realistic to consider any situation in which management and/or mitigation would not be carried out; legislation dictates requirements for waste storage, management and disposal, and these are therefore considered part of the Project design.

The legal requirements for waste management and mitigation measures (e.g. waste minimisation) for the Project are described and the residual impacts are then assessed (Section 19.4). Mitigation measures that will be adopted to manage anticipated wastes to minimise their environmental impact and ensure compliance with relevant local, national and international regulations are provided. These approaches represent standard Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) for the various waste streams under consideration and make use of existing local facilities as far as practicable. The assessed significance of the residual impacts for each waste stream takes into account the identified mitigation measures.

The Project Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) (described in Chapter 23 Environmental and Social Management) sets out how the mitigation measures detailed within this chapter will be applied practically to the construction and operation of the Project.

Chapter 19 Waste Management

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19.1.1 Applicable Legislation, Standards, and Guidelines

Chapter 2 Policy, Regulatory and Administrative Framework describes the framework of legislation, standards and guidelines relevant to the ESIA; those of particular relevance to waste management are summarised below.

19.1.1.1 International Legislation, Standards and Guidelines

International Legislation

There are five international conventions and two European Union (EU) directives associated with waste management that are relevant in the context of this report. Table 19.1 highlights the most relevant parts of these conventions in relation to the waste management aspects of the Project.

Table 19.1 Summary of International Waste Management Requirements

Name Relevance

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention), 1972 (Ref. 19.1)

(Bulgaria is a Party to the London Convention)

The objective of the London Convention is to control pollution of the sea caused by dumping activities and to encourage supplementary regional agreements. As such, it covers the deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft and platforms. Under these requirements, Parties are to establish authorities responsible for issuing permits, keeping records and monitoring the condition of the seas. Furthermore, Parties are to promote measures which prevent pollution from hydrocarbons, additional matter transported other than for dumping, wastes generated during operation of ships, etc. and matter originating from exploration of the sea bed. Annexes I and II of the London Convention list matter which is defined as prohibited or restricted with regard to dumping.

Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention), 1992 (Ref. 19.2)

(Bulgaria has acceded to the Basel Convention)

The Basel Convention regulates transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and provides obligations upon its Parties to ensure that such wastes are managed and disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. The main principles of the Convention are as follows:

• Transboundary movements of hazardous wastes should be reduced to a minimum, which is consistent with their environmentally sound management;

• Hazardous wastes should be treated and disposed of as close as possible to their source of origin; and

• Hazardous waste generation should be reduced and minimised at source.

Annexes I–VIII of the Basel Convention provide lists of waste categories requiring special consideration or controls, including disposal operations.

Annex I outlines a list of waste categories to be controlled, Annex II details waste categories requiring special consideration and Annex III provides a list of important hazardous characteristics.

Continued…

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Name Relevance

Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convention) (Ref. 19.3)

(Bulgaria has signed and ratified the Stockholm Convention)

The Convention seeks to ensure the limitation of pollution by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It defines the substances in question, whilst leaving open the possibility of adding new ones, and also defines the rules governing the production, importing and exporting of those substances.

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78 Convention) Annex I – VI (Ref. 19.4)

(Bulgaria has acceded to Annexes I to VI of the MARPOL Convention)

The Convention covers the prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. With regard to waste management, the Convention defines conditions for waste disposal in the marine environment by ship, particularly in determined “special areas” such as the Black Sea. Annex I includes regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil and is mandatory. Annex II includes regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk. Annex III includes regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packed Form. Of particular relevance to waste management aspects of the Project are Annex IV and Annex V. Annex IV includes regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships. Annex V includes regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships. Annex VI includes regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships.

EU Directive 2000/59/ЕC and 2007/71/EC on port reception facilities (Ref. 19.5)

The Directives regulate the implementation of the requirements of MARPOL 73/78 for the protection of sea waters by providing adequate port reception facilities and improve their working.

EU Directive 2008/98/ЕC on waste (Ref. 19.6)

The Directive defines the measures to protect the environment and human health by preventing or reducing the adverse impacts from the generation and management of waste and by reducing the overall impacts of resource use and improving the efficiency of such use.

Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest Convention), 1992 (Ref. 19.7)

(Bulgaria has signed and ratified the Bucharest Convention)

The Convention provides a basic framework of agreement and three specific Protocols, which are: (1) the control of land-based sources of pollution; (2) control of dumping of waste; and (3) joint action in the case of accidents (such as oil spills). Discharges from ships are managed accordance with MARPOL and are as such compliant with the Bucharest Convention. The “Protocol on the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution by Dumping” does not apply to any of the wastes generated by the project in the Bulgarian Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) since the project activities in these waters do not comprise dumping as defined in the Convention.

Complete.

Of these international conventions, the most relevant to the Project is MARPOL 73/78 Convention, which governs management of waste on board vessels. The Black Sea is a Special Area under MARPOL Annexes I and V.


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Under MARPOL Annex I, any discharge of oil from a ship exceeding 400 gross registered tonnage (GRT) is prohibited within special areas, except when:

• The ship is proceeding en route;

• The oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the relevant MARPOL requirements;

• The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million;

• The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers; and

• The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residue.

This effectively prohibits the discharge of oily sludge and slops, and requires oily bilge water to be treated through an oily water separator (OWS) prior to discharge.

Annex IV of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention provides regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships. MARPOL Annex IV defines "sewage" as:

• Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals;

• Drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay, etc.) via wash basins, wash tubs and scuppers located in such premises;

• Drainage from spaces containing living animals; or

• Other wastewaters when mixed with the drainages defined above.

The discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except when:

• The ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage at a distance of more than 3 nautical miles (NM) from the nearest land, or sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of more than 12 NM from the nearest land, provided that in any case, the sewage that has been stored in holding tanks shall not be discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots; or

• The ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment and (additionally) the effluent shall not produce visible floating solids nor cause discoloration of the surrounding water.

Annex V of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention provides regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships and limits the disposal, be it continuous or periodic, of food, domestic and operational waste into the sea. Annex V completely prohibits the disposal of plastics anywhere into the sea and places strict restrictions upon discharges into designated Special Areas. Amendments to Annex V entered into force on 1 January 2013, and the revised Annex V prohibits the discharge of all garbage into the sea, except as provided otherwise. An overview of the revised MARPOL Annex V discharge provisions (as relevant to the Project) is presented in Table 19.2.

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Table 19.2 Relevant Requirements for Disposal of Garbage under MARPOL Annex V

Type of waste Ships within Special Areas

Food waste comminuted or ground Discharge permitted provided vessel is ≥12 NM from the nearest land and en route

Food waste not comminuted or ground Discharge prohibited

Cargo residues* not contained in wash water Discharge prohibited

Cargo residues* contained in wash water Discharge only permitted in specific circumstances** and ≥12 NM from the nearest land and en route

Cleaning agents and additives contained in cargo hold wash water

Discharge only permitted in specific circumstances** and ≥12 NM from the nearest land and en route

Cleaning agents and additives contained in deck and external surface wash water

Discharge permitted

All other garbage including plastics, domestic waste, cooking oil, incinerator ashes, operational wastes and fishing gear

Discharge prohibited

Mixed garbage When garbage is mixed with or contaminated by other substances prohibited from discharging or having different discharge requirements, the more stringent requirements shall apply

* These substances must not be harmful to the marine environment. ** According to regulation 6.1.2 of MARPOL Convention Annex V, the discharge shall only be allowed if: (a) both the port of departure and the next port of destination are within the special area and the ship will not transit outside the special area between these ports (regulation 6.1.2.2); and (b) if no adequate reception facilities are available at those ports (regulation 6.1.2.3).

International Standards and Guidelines

In addition to the international legislation outlined above, the Project is aligned with the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines and Performance Standards (PS) (Ref. 19.8). Table 19.3 summarises the IFC EHS General Guidelines and PSs that require consideration in relation to waste management aspects of the Project.


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Table 19.3 IFC Guidelines and Performance Standards Relevant to Waste Management

Name Relevance

IFC (2007) General EHS Guidelines: Environmental (Ref. 19.8)

The IFC General EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents that provide general and industry-specific examples of GIIP. The Guidelines cover a wide range of technical subjects, including hazardous and non-hazardous waste management.

Section 1.5 Hazardous Waste Management states that:

“Projects which manufacture, handle, use, or store hazardous materials should establish management programs that are commensurate with the potential risks present. The main objectives of projects involving hazardous materials should be the protection of the workforce and the prevention and control of releases and accidents. These objectives should be addressed by integrating prevention and control measures, management actions, and procedures into day-to-day business activities."

Section 1.6 Waste Management states that:

"Facilities that generate and store wastes should practice the following:

• establishing waste management priorities at the outset of activities based on an understanding of potential Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) risks and impacts and considering waste generation and its consequences;

• establishing a waste management hierarchy that considers prevention, reduction, reuse, recovery, recycling, removal and finally disposal of wastes;

• avoiding or minimizing the generation waste materials, as far as practicable;

• where waste generation cannot be avoided but has been minimized, recovering and reusing waste; and

• where waste cannot be recovered or reused, treating, destroying, and disposing of it in an environmentally sound manner."

IFC PS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention (01 Jan 12) (Ref. 19.9)

The IFC provides eight PSs that offer guidance regarding the identification of risks and impacts associated with projects, and which aim to reduce, avoid or mitigate these risks and impacts.

Of relevance to waste management is PS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention. The aim of this standard is to minimise or avoid adverse impacts on human health and the environment, promote sustainable use of resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. PS3 states that the client will avoid generation of hazardous and non-hazardous materials, but where waste cannot be avoided, waste arisings will be reduced, recovered or reused before subjecting the materials to treatment and disposal in an environmentally sound manner. Waste disposal should be at sites operating to acceptable standards and, where this is not the case, consideration should be given to alternative disposal options, including the development of facilities on site. The use and production of hazardous waste should be avoided as far as is possible and, where this is not practicable, material will be controlled and minimised.

Continued…

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Name Relevance

IFC PS3 Guidance Note: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention (01 Jan 2012) (Ref. 19.10)

To aid in the interpretation of IFC PSs, Guidance Notes relevant to each standard are also provided. Guidance Note 3 corresponds to PS3 and outlines further details regarding the management of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. With regard to hazardous waste, Guidance Note 3 lists International Conventions the client should refer to when reviewing components of materials and hazardous waste; these conventions are listed in the Bibliography of Guidance Note 3.

Complete.

19.1.1.2 National Legislation

In addition to international legislation and standards, the Project will also be undertaken in accordance with relevant national waste management legislation and requirements. A list of national legislation relevant to waste management aspects of the Project is provided in Table 19.4.

The primary piece of waste management legislation in Bulgaria is the Waste Management Act (SG No. 53/2012 last amended SG No. 66/26.07.2013). The Act is aimed at preventing or reducing the adverse impacts associated with waste generation and management of the environment and human health, as well as reducing the overall impact of resource utilisation through promotion of improved resource use efficiency. This Act is supported by a range of ordinances which specify detailed waste management practices to be followed by the Project.

In addition to the Waste Management Act (2012, last amended in SG No. 66/26.07.2013), the Law on Maritime Spaces, Inland Waterways and Ports of the Republic of Bulgaria (SG No.12 of 2000, last amended in SG No. 66/26.07.2013), provides guidance on waste management in the maritime setting. This law establishes the legal requirements for utilisation of maritime spaces, inland waterways and ports in Bulgaria. In particular, it regulates the acceptable methods of the transfer and treatment of waste within the marine and port environments of Bulgaria. Table 19.4 details the supporting maritime ordinances that are of relevance to the Project.

The “waste hierarchy” describes an approach to sustainable waste management that is internationally recognised and which is enshrined in various national and international regulations (including the EU Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC)). This approach was adopted within Bulgaria through the Waste Management Act (SG No. 53/2012, last amended in SG No. 66/26.07.2013). The waste hierarchy ranks waste management options according to what is best for the environment. It gives top priority to preventing waste in the first place (prevention). When waste is created, it gives priority to preparing it for re-use, then recycling, then recovery (e.g. capturing waste resources for other uses, such as power generation), and last of all disposal (e.g. landfill).

19.1.2 Baseline Conditions

The Strategic Action Plan (SAP) for the Environmental Protection and Rehabilitation of the Black Sea (adopted in Sofia, Bulgaria, 17 April 2009) includes a number of provisions related to waste management.

Table 19.4 Summary of National Waste Management Legislation

Legislation Date / Reference Number Relevance to the Project

Onshore

Ordinance for the requirements on treatment and transportation of industrial and hazardous waste

SG No. 29/1999 The ordinance regulates the treatment and transportation of industrial and hazardous waste. In the treatment and transportation of industrial and hazardous waste the requirements of the international treaties shall be observed. The purpose of the Ordinance is to provide the necessary measures to prevent or, when this is not possible, to limit to the highest possible degree the expected adverse impacts on the environment, in particular - air, land, surface and groundwater pollution and risks to the public health, arising from the treatment and transportation of industrial and hazardous waste.

Ordinance for packaging and packaging waste

SG No. 85/2012 The ordinance requires the separate collection, reuse, recycling, recovery and / or disposal of packaging waste, and stipulates the use of measurable targets recycling and / or recovery of packaging waste.

Ordinance for the management of construction waste and use of recycled construction materials

SG No. 89/2012 The Ordinance regulates the establishment of an environmentally friendly system for management and control of the activities on collecting, transportation and treatment of construction waste; the requirements on the use of recycled construction materials in construction; and the management of construction waste during construction and demolition of buildings.

Ordinance No 3.on the classification of waste

SG No. 44/2004, amended and supplemented SG No. 23/2012

The ordinance defines the applicable waste classification types, and associated waste properties, applicable in Bulgaria.

Continued…

Legislation Date / Reference Number Relevance to the Project

Offshore

Ordinance No. 5 from 1 September 2004 on ship documents

SG No. 88/2004, last amended SG No. 39/2013

The ordinance specifies the type and format, the terms of validity and keeping of a ship’s documents.

Ordinance No. 15 from 28 September 2004 on the transfer and reception of ship generated waste and waste from cargo residue

SG No. 94/2004, amended and supplemented SG No. 101/2012

The ordinance establishes the terms and procedures for the transfer and reception of wastes from all ships visiting or operating in the marine ports of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Complete.


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Waste management itself is not one of the priority transboundary problems identified in the SAP, although oil pollution is recognised as an aspect of chemical pollution, which is one of the four priority problems.

The SAP presents Ecosystem Quality Objectives (EcoQOs), which are statements that reflect how stakeholders would like the state of the Black Sea to be over the long term, based on a resolution of priority problems identified in the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis. Each EcoQO is assigned a number of management targets that address the immediate, underlying and root causes of the concern areas. For regional level interventions, the Black Sea coastal States and the international partners shall work collectively to take the required steps to fulfil those interventions. National level supporting interventions will be the responsibility of individual states.

Several of these management targets relates to waste management:

• Target (18): Amend national waste strategies and/or national coastal zone management plans with the aim of coastal and marine litter minimisation;

• Target (19): Develop regional and national marine litter monitoring and assessment methodologies on the basis of common research approaches, evaluation criteria and reporting requirements;

• Target (20): Promote/develop investment projects within national strategies/local plans to engineer, construct and install new solid waste recycling facilities, landfill sites and incineration plants, complying with BAT regulations;

• Target (60): Provide adequate port reception facilities for ship-generated wastes according to MARPOL 73/78, Annex I, IV, V;

• Target (61): Establish a harmonised fee/cost recovery system on ship-generated waste;

• Target (62): Develop systems for the identification of illegal pollution sources from vessels and off-shore installations; and

• Target (63): Develop/establish a harmonised enforcement system in cases of illegal discharges from vessels and offshore installations, including technical means and fines.

The SAP presents indicators for each target, although a status update has not been published by the Black Sea Commission.

19.1.2.1 Existing Waste Management Arrangements

The Project landfall section is located within the municipalities of Varna and Avren.

Waste generated within Varna Municipality is deposited at the Vaglen regional landfill for non-hazardous waste. There is also a mechanical and biological treatment facility for household (non-hazardous) waste in the village of Ezerovo, within the Municipality of Varna. Waste generated by Avren Municipality is deposited either at the Vaglen facility or at a small non-hazardous waste facility near Priseltsi.

Typically, construction wastes generated within the municipalities of Varna and Avren are disposed of, together with municipal waste, at the regional landfill for non-hazardous waste in

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Vaglen. A number of hazardous waste management facilities are available (mostly storage and transfer). Medical wastes are disposed of at the regional St. Anna Hospital (physico-chemical treatment).

Table 19.5 provides detail on some of the existing waste management facilities in the vicinity of the Project (including waste types and capacity). The EPC contractor carrying out the works for the Project will likely use one or more of these facilities.

A number of site visits were undertaken on 30th July and 1st August 2013 on behalf of South Stream Transport, to establish the suitability of selected existing waste management facilities to receive Project wastes and whether the facilities are currently operating in accordance with GIIP. Seven sites were visited:

• Shumen Municipality Landfill Matnitsa;

• Ekomax Shumen (waste storage and recycling);

• Al & Co Shumen (waste oil reprocessing);

• Ecoinvest Assets Varna (Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and composting);

• Marine Antipollution Enterprise (MAE) Varna (solid and liquid waste from vessels);

• Varna Municipality Landfill Vaglen; and

• Technocar Landfill Dolni Chiflik.

Based on the site visits, the following facilities are likely to be the most suitable for disposing of waste from the Project:

• Ecoinvest Assets Varna (Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and composting); and

• MAE Varna (solid and liquid waste from vessels).

These facilities are capable of dealing with a number of wastes arising from the Project. Ecoinvest Varna can accept mixed municipal wastes and organic matter, and MAE Varna can accept solid and liquid wastes from vessels (hazardous and non-hazardous). In addition to the above, Al & Co Shumen may be used to deal with onshore oily wastes (e.g. from the servicing and maintenance of construction plant and other equipment). Ekomax Shumen provides facilities for the recycling and treatment of certain waste streams (e.g. vehicle and other batteries, metals, wood, glass). For wastes that cannot be recycled, the landfills (Shumen Municipality Landfill Matnitsa and Varna Municipality Landfill Vaglen) provide capacity for residual wastes.

Site management indicated that the facilities visited are licensed in accordance with the relevant Bulgarian legislation on waste management. Whilst the existing landfills do not meet GIIP in all respects based on observations made during site visits, it was reported by site management that Varna Municipality is in the process of upgrading the existing landfill at Vaglen to meet the GIIP requirements of an engineered sanitary landfill. Information published by the Bulgarian Ministry of the Environment and Water (MoEW) indicates that the construction of the new upgraded landfill cell is due to be completed at the end of 2014, after which time it will be able to accept waste. It is therefore reasonable to assume that engineered sanitary landfill capacity will be available for the majority of the construction period.

Table 19.5 Waste Management Facilities in the Vicinity of the Project

Name Location Type of Facility Wastes Accepted Site Observations

Shumen Municipality Landfill Next to A2 (E70) dual carriageway, approx. 60 km west of Varna

Landfill Site licensed to accept construction wastes (EWC 17 09 04). Also cardboard, plastics, ceramics and oil contaminated material seen on site visit.

Landfill situated within working limestone quarry. Landfill footprint approx. 2.5 ha. Little information on history or engineering details. No basal or side slope lining system evident from site visit. No environmental controls or monitoring facilities or infrastructure evident from site visit. Estimated void space (from observation) 0.5 m3.

Ekomax Shumen Southern industrial area of Shumen and site outside Shumen

Storage, recycling and basic treatment Vehicle and other batteries; metals; wood and glass.

Site in Shumen comprises storage of batteries, wood pallets and glass; and recycling of metals. Equipment in use includes conveyor/picking line, baler, wood chipper and equipment for washing out plastic/metal barrels. Site outside Shumen used to store wastes prior to treatment/disposal (including large boxes inside buildings and standard ISO containers outside). Also refrigeration containers reportedly for medical waste.

Continued…


Al & Co Shumen Southern industrial area of Shumen

Waste oil reprocessing Waste mineral oils (from onshore only)

Waste mineral oils brought onto site by tanker and transferred to tank on site (with limited secondary containment) prior to treatment. Oil drums (not known if empty or full) stored outside with no obvious secondary containment. Relatively small-scale operation, only able to accept waste oils from onshore (i.e. not from vessels).

Ecoinvest Varna Near village of Ezerovo, approx. 10 km west of Varna

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and enclosed composting facility

Unsorted municipal waste; organic matter for composting

Modern facility (opened in 2011). Unsorted waste from Varna and surrounding area passes through MRF for remote and manual sorting. Recycled materials typically baled and sold. Site approx. 1.6 ha and can process 140,000 tpa (450 tpd). Enclosed (tunnel system) for composting organic matter, although compost reportedly of poor quality due to high number of contaminants (e.g. plastic) within waste feedstock. Non-recyclable materials from the process (20-30%) sent to Vaglen landfill.

Continued…


MAE Varna Northern coast of Varna lake canal mouth, eastern sector of Varna Southern Industrial Zone

Vessel waste facilities (cargo and oil terminals and shore waste treatment plant)

Solid and liquid waste from vessels (hazardous and non-hazardous)

Large facility, well equipped to handle and treat wastes from vessels. Services include the removal, treatment and/or disposal of wastes from vessels either at anchor or (size permitting) docking at MAE terminal. Also oil spill recovery.

Varna Municipality Landfill Vaglen

Approx. 400 m south of Vaglen and 8 km north of Varna

Landfill Municipal and general non-hazardous wastes

Site approx. 40 years old. Some areas may be lined. New landfill area to be fully lined (clay / gravel); however, this will be constructed above historic waste. External waste slopes steep (1:1 to 1:2). Some evidence of landfill gas / leachate infrastructure (concrete pipes protruding from waste).

Technocar Landfill Dolni Chiflik

Villages of Dolni Chiflik 1.5 km to west and Staro Oryahovo 2.5 km to east

Landfill Household and municipal and construction waste from within local district

Very little information available on history or engineering details. Site operator unwilling for full site walkover to be undertaken. Site approx. 1.5 ha. Adjacent to agricultural land with no fence separating the site from the surrounding area. Site to continue operating for up to 3 years until new, modern landfill approved and constructed by Varna Municipality.

Complete.

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19.1.2.2 Existing Port Waste Management Facilities

Both the Port of Varna and the Port of Burgas maintain facilities for the offloading of oil waste, construction waste, garbage and wastewater from ships. The Port of Varna, Varna East and Varna West, which is expected to receive a proportion of Project waste, is certified to ISO 14001:2004 and maintains a programme for management of port generated waste, effective for the period 2011 to 2016. The Port of Varna maintains facilities for the temporary storage of port generated waste before transport for subsequent treatment, in compliance with the requirements of the Waste Management Act (SG No. 53/2012).

The Port Infrastructure State Company is responsible for any collection, transportation, storage and treatment of ship-generated waste and cargo residues.

Contracts that are in place for waste management at the Port of Varna (transport and disposal) include:

• Transins Reciclig Company of Varna Ltd., 125 Primorski Blvd., Varna;

• Enterprise for Cleanness of Marine Waters PLC, Terminal for Base Oils, South Industrial Zone, Varna;

• Titan AS Ltd., 11 Michail Koloni Str., Varna;

• Eco Varna PLC, 10 Shipka Str., Varna;

• Metarex Ltd., 58 Trichkova Mogila, Sofia; and

• Transins Battery Ltd., 125 Primorski Blvd., Varna.

The port services for the reception and treatment of waste at the Port of Burgas are performed by Marine Antipollution Enterprise JSC (head office in Varna, South Industrial Area). Bilge and sludge are collected by PCMV, a company which collects oily waste from vessels on demand by ship agents.

Contracts that are in place for waste management at the Port of Burgas are as follows:

• Titan Burgas - city of Burgas, Industrial Zone North;

• Ocean Shipping - city of Burgas, 14, Veliko Tarnovo str.; and

• Specta auto - city of Burgas, 18, str. Industrialna.

The Port of Burgas has mobile facilities for the storage of vessel waste; it also has facilities for storage and treatment of bilge and sludge. The Port of Burgas has no licensed volume limits or waste type restrictions.

The contractor managing the vessels used for the Project will arrange with one or more of these licensed port waste management companies to receive vessel waste, depending on which port is used. The licensed port waste management company will be responsible for the onward transportation and management of the vessel waste, using the existing regional disposal and treatment facilities as described in Table 19.5. Further inspection of the waste management facilities will be undertaken prior to completion of waste management contracts, i.e. to confirm that sufficient capacities are available to manage Project wastes legally and safely, in


19-16 URS-EIA-REP-202375

accordance with the requirements set out in Section 19.4 and the suite of Construction and Operational Phase Management Plans (refer to Chapter 23 Environmental and Social Management).

19.2 Methodology and Assessment Criteria

In contrast to other environmental and social technical disciplines in this ESIA Report, this chapter describes the estimated waste arisings. It does not assess the significance of these impacts in the absence of mitigation, since waste storage, management and disposal are considered part of the Project design, and as such, it is not realistic to consider any situation in which no mitigation would be carried out. The mitigation section therefore describes the measures that will be adopted to manage the wastes generated by the Project (including identifying potentially suitable facilities), and the significance of residual impacts following mitigation is then assessed.

Impact magnitudes for the residual impacts following mitigation are assessed based on:

• The hazardous properties (physical, chemical and biological) of the relevant waste stream; and

• The availability of suitable waste management facilities, taking into consideration: (a) the volume of waste produced, (b) the capacity of the identified waste management facilities for managing the waste in compliance with relevant guidelines, and (c) the degree of certainty in the availability of these facilities.

Table 19.6 presents a matrix that compares waste type and the availability of suitable waste management facilities, to determine impact magnitude (Negligible, Low, Moderate, and High).

Table 19.6 Magnitude of Waste Impacts

Waste Management Option Type of Waste

Inert Non-hazardous Hazardous

Suitable facilities or outlets available with sufficient capacity to manage the quantities of wastes generated.

Negligible Negligible Low

Suitable facilities or outlets available but capacity to accept waste from project may be constrained due to size of facility or distance from site.

Low Moderate Moderate

Facilities are unavailable or unsuitable; or means of management are uncertain.

Moderate Moderate High

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Since receptor sensitivity was assumed to be constant, the rankings (Negligible, Low, Moderate, and High) delivered by the impact magnitude matrix in Table 19.6 also reflect “impact significance”; the definitions of significance detailed in Chapter 3 Impact Assessment Methodology are therefore applicable.

The definition of hazardous waste includes any wastes specifically designated as hazardous within applicable legislative requirements (e.g. hazardous wastes listed under the EU European Waste Catalogue (EWC) codes (2000/532/EC)). For the purposes of this ESIA Report, hazardous wastes are also defined in terms of the IFC EHS Guidelines for Waste Management (Ref. 19.8) i.e. wastes that share the properties of a hazardous material (e.g. ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or other physical, chemical, or biological characteristics that may pose a potential risk to human health or the environment if improperly managed. Inert waste is defined in the EU Landfill Directive (Ref. 19.11) such that:

“waste is considered inert if:

1) It does not undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological transformations;

2) It does not dissolve, burn or otherwise physically or chemically react, biodegrade or adversely affect other matter with which it comes into contact in a way likely to give rise to environmental pollution or harm to human health; and

3) Its total leachability and pollutant content and the ecotoxicity of its leachate are insignificant and, in particular, do not endanger the quality of any surface water or groundwater.”

In practice, inert waste typically comprises surplus excavated soil and rock, and waste construction materials such as brick and concrete.

Suitable facilities are those which are licensed by the relevant regulatory authorities and (in the case of hazardous waste sites) are operating in accordance with GIIP 1 . The operational capabilities and licensing status of these facilities will be confirmed.

No specific waste study area was defined for the purpose of this chapter. Rather the assessment considered waste arising within the established Project Area boundaries and Associated Activities defined in Chapter 1 Introduction of this ESIA Report.

19.3 Project Wastes

19.3.1 General

The Project has the potential to give rise to a number of wastes during the Construction and Pre-Commissioning, Operational and Decommissioning Phases.

The potential impacts arising from the management of wastes include:

1 In these cases, it is assumed that residual impacts due to releases from these facilities are addressed as part of the facilities pre-existing licensing regime and are therefore not assessed within this ESIA.


19-18 URS-EIA-REP-202375

• Impacts on human health and on ecological receptors from releases of waste to air, water or land; and

• Nuisance, including litter, odour, dust and vermin.

Impacts can arise throughout the waste management chain and therefore the generation, storage, collection and transport, reuse, recycling, recovery, treatment and disposal of waste are all taken into account when assessing impacts.

The impacts of wastes associated with the Decommissioning Phase of the Project have not been assessed in detail as the available waste facilities and disposal technologies are likely to change significantly over the 50 year life of the Project. For the Decommissioning Phase, the assessment is limited to identifying the types and approximate quantity of waste generated.

19.3.2 Wastes Arising from the Project

Generally, wastes can be categorised into three main types in terms of their basic properties:

• Inert waste - e.g. surplus excavated soil and rock, rubble and bricks;

• Non-hazardous waste - e.g. food waste, packaging waste and other general wastes from construction, businesses, industry and households; and

• Hazardous waste - e.g. oils, certain types of healthcare waste, batteries and other waste exhibiting hazardous properties.

The Bulgarian Waste Management Act (2012, last amended in SG No. 66/26.07.2013) uses categories of municipal, industrial, construction and hazardous wastes to categorise waste types.

Waste is considered to be inert if it does not undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological transformations; and does not dissolve, burn or otherwise physically or chemically react, biodegrade or adversely affect other matter with which it comes into contact in a way likely to give rise to environmental pollution or harm to human health. Certain categories of municipal, industrial and construction waste (e.g. brick rubble) may be considered inert.

The main types of waste expected to arise from the Construction and Pre-Commissioning and Operational Phases of the Project are described below.

19.3.2.1 Construction and Pre-Commissioning

Landfall Section

The main landfall/onshore pipeline construction works to be undertaken as part of the Project will comprise:

• Clearance and bulk earthworks associated with establishment of the Pipeline construction corridor;

• Trenching, microtunnelling and installation of the Pipeline;

• Construction and installation of temporary construction sites;

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-19

• Construction of the landfall facilities;

• Operation of the marshalling yards;

• Shore-crossing works and pipeline beach-pull operations; and

• Reinstatement of temporary construction work sites.

Types and quantities of waste likely to be produced have been estimated based on previous experience of similar projects, and using the EU EWC codes (2000/532/EC) as well as Ordinance on the classification of waste (SG No.44/2004, amended and supplemented in SG No.23/2012) to provide a detailed breakdown of waste types. Estimates are summarised in Table 19.7. Further details are provided in the following paragraphs.

Table 19.7 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Landfall Section Construction and Pre-Commissioning Activities

EWC Code

EWC Description Source Estimated Quantity

02 01 07 Wastes from forestry Site clearance waste 10 to 100 tonnes

12 01 01 Ferrous metal filings and turnings

Scrap from preparing pipes for welding

1 to 10 tonnes

12 01 05 Plastics shavings and turnings Scrap from preparing pipes for welding by abrasion of polypropylene coating

1 to 10 tonnes

12 01 13 Welding wastes Waste from pipe welding 10 to 100 tonnes

12 01 21 Spent grinding bodies and grinding materials other than those mentioned in 12 01 20

Waste from preparing pipes for welding

10 to 100 tonnes

13 01 10* Mineral based non-chlorinated hydraulic oils

Maintenance of mobile plant and 1 to 10 tonnes

13 02 05* Mineral-based non-chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils

Maintenance of mobile plant 1 to 10 tonnes

15 01 01 Paper and cardboard packaging Waste paper/card packaging from construction materials and office/mess facilities

< 1 tonne

15 01 02 Plastic packaging Waste plastic packaging from construction materials and office/mess facilities

< 1 tonne

Continued…


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EWC Code


15 01 03 Wooden packaging Waste wooden packaging from construction materials

10 to 100 tonnes

15 01 04 Metallic packaging Waste metal drums (clean) and drinks cans

< 1 tonne

15 01 07 Glass packaging Waste glass from construction materials and office/mess facilities

< 1 tonne

15 01 10* Packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances

Waste metal drums containing solvent/oil residues

< 1 tonne

15 02 02* Absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances

Oily rags < 1 tonne

16 01 03 End-of-life tyres Waste tyres from mobile plant 1 to 10 tonnes

16 01 07* Oil filters Oil filters from maintenance of mobile plant

< 1 tonne

16 01 14* Antifreeze fluids containing dangerous substances

Antifreeze (MEG) from drying of pipeline (plus very small quantities from vehicle maintenance)

3,200 m3 (maximum, if pipeline cleaning and drying is carried out using MEG rather than air drying) OR

1,060 m3 (minimum, if MEG is used for pipeline cleaning only)

16 05 05 Gases in pressure containers other than those mentioned in 16 05 04

Empty gas bottles/canisters < 1 tonne

16 06 01* Lead batteries Used batteries from maintenance of mobile plant

< 1 tonne

Continued…

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-21

EWC Code


17 01 07 Mixtures of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics other than those mentioned in 17 01 06

Surplus concrete and other inert construction materials

10 to 100 tonnes

17 02 03 Plastic Waste plastic from joint protection sleeves

< 1 tonne

17 04 07 Mixed metals Waste metals from construction of landfill facilities and modifications to marshalling yards

10 to 100 tonnes

17 05 04 Soil and stones other than those mentioned in 17 05 03

Surplus excavated material and hardstanding from construction areas

89,000 tonnes plus up to 39,000 tonnes from shore crossing and up to 44,000 tonnes of crushed rock (from hardstanding in construction areas)

17 09 04 Mixed construction and demolition wastes other than those mentioned in 17 09 01, 17 09 02 and 17 09 03

General mixed construction waste 10 to 100 tonnes

Drilling fluid containing bentonite from shore crossing

Up to 2,800 tonnes

18 01 03* Wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection

Potentially infectious waste from clinics

< 1 tonne

20 01 08 Biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste

Source-separated waste canteen waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices)

10 to 100 tonnes

20 01 21* Fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste

Source-separated waste fluorescent tubes (from welfare facilities/mess/offices)

< 1 tonne

20 03 01 Mixed municipal waste Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices)

300 to 400 tonnes

* = hazardous waste Complete.


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Waste from Workforce

Municipal waste will be primarily generated by the construction workers operating across all of the identified activities and will be a function of the size of workforce. It will be generated from office operations and site welfare facilities (e.g. canteens, etc.). It is assumed that there will be no accommodation camps, and hence waste will only be generated by the workforce during the course of the working day.

The peak onshore construction workforce is anticipated to be 898 persons. A conservative per-capita waste generation rate of 1 kg/p/d has been assumed, which would result in general municipal waste arisings of 0.89 t/d, or 325 t/yr at an annualised rate.

This waste will comprise the following types of waste:

• Paper and cardboard;

• Glass;

• Biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste;

• Plastics;

• Metals (e.g. drinks cans); and

• General mixed waste.

Waste from Construction Activities

Non-hazardous construction waste is likely to consist primarily of:

• Waste from vegetation clearance along the Pipeline construction corridor and landfill facility;

• Surplus excavated spoil from the Pipeline construction corridor and landfill facility;

• Material excavated from the microtunneling operations;

• Packaging (paper, plastic, metal and wood) from construction materials received at the marshalling yards and construction sites;

• Welding waste and metal swarf resulting from jointing of pipeline sections;

• Surplus, damaged and out-of-specification construction materials, including concrete and other inert materials, and materials from construction of the quad-jointing facilities at the marshalling yards; and

• Empty gas bottles and canisters.

It is anticipated that some 40 ha of land will need to be cleared of any trees present during the construction of the Project. The mean growing stock for Bulgarian forests is 152 m3/ha (Ref. 19.12), meaning that an estimated 6,080 m3 (= 40 x 152) of timber will be felled. The majority of this is expected to have commercial value and will be harvested and extracted by conventional methods and standard forestry equipment. Tree trunks and branches with a diameter above approximately 7 cm will be stored at a location to be agreed with the Executive Forestry Agency or taken off-site to be sold or used for other purposes. Immature or

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-23

unmerchantable crops will be felled using scrub cutters or chainsaws with the resulting material remaining on site. The Project will be responsible for management of timber after felling.

Timber removed for commercial purposes is unlikely to be regarded as waste. If brash is left in-situ for reasons of habitat creation or soil protection or is removed off-site for a defined purpose (e.g. biomass fuel) then it too may not be regarded as waste.

Topsoil will be stripped across the construction corridor (nominally 60 m wide) and other construction areas on land, and then stored on site to be used when reinstating these areas. It is expected that all the removed topsoil will be used for reinstatement.

It is estimated that approximately 37,500 m3 of surplus excavated spoil will be generated from construction of the landfall facilities which, assuming a bulk density of 1.5 t/m3, is equivalent to 56,250 tonnes. Spoil will also be generated from excavation of the pipe trenches, as only a portion of the excavated spoil will be used for reinstatement. It is estimated that a total of 14,400 m3 of surplus spoil will be generated as a result of the onshore pipe installation (Chapter 5 Project Description) which, assuming a bulk density of 1.5 t/m3, is equivalent to 21,600 tonnes. Construction of the permanent access road will generate approximately 7,228 m3 of surplus excavated spoil.

It is noted that the Bulgarian Waste Management Act (2012) does not consider uncontaminated material excavated during construction works, which will be used during the construction without treatment and at the same site, as being waste. Surplus material which requires off-site disposal may be considered as waste, and it is estimated that the Project will give rise to approximately (37,500 + 14,400 + 7228) = 59,128 m3 or approximately 89,000 tonnes of surplus excavated spoil. At present, no options for off-site reuse of this material have been confirmed, and therefore it may require disposal as waste.

The microtunnelling works for the shore crossing will give rise to up to 25,760 m3 or approximately 39,000 tonnes of excavated material. It is expected that the majority of this material can be used for reinstatement or landscaping, but a proportion of this material may require off-site disposal as waste. In addition, up to 560 tonnes of bentonite may be needed for drilling fluid, and will require disposal following completion of the tunnelling. The quantity of mud requiring disposal will depend on the extent to which it is dewatered, but assuming it is disposed of as a sludge with 20% dry matter content, then the amount of used drilling fluid requiring disposal is likely to be approximately 2,800 tonnes.

An estimated total of approximately 44,000 tonnes of crushed rock will be imported for use as hardstanding in construction areas and temporary roads, and will be removed following completion of construction. It is possible that this material may be beneficially reused on other projects, but if not then it will require disposal as waste.

Hazardous Waste

Hazardous wastes include those identified as potentially harmful to human health or the environment, typically with the potential to lead to long-term contamination. It is likely that the majority of these wastes will arise during the operation of construction vehicles, plant and equipment, and utilisation of potentially hazardous raw materials. The following hazardous wastes may be produced as a result of construction activities.


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• Hazardous waste from maintenance of construction plant, including:

o oil filters; o hydraulic oil; o anti-freeze; and o batteries;

• Packaging with residues of hazardous substances (e.g. Paints, solvents or coatings);

• Fluorescent tubes; and

• Clinical wastes from first aid facilities or on-site clinics.

The landfall and nearshore Pipeline sections will be cleaned, hydro-tested and dried, while the offshore section will be cleaned and dried as part of the overall South Stream Offshore Pipeline Pre-Commissioning. The drying process for both these activities will involve the use of considerable quantities of monoethylene glycol (MEG). For the purposes of this assessment, the MEG used for the South Stream Offshore Pipeline drying is considered to be landfall (onshore) section waste as it will be injected at the Russian landfall and collected at the Bulgarian landfall. Conversely, the MEG to be collected as part of the landfall and nearshore section hydro-testing, shall be collected by marine vessels and is considered in the nearshore and offshore waste section below.

Nearshore and Offshore Sections

The main activities which have the potential to generate waste during the nearshore and offshore Construction Phase are as follows:

• Activity of construction pipe-lay vessels and regular deliveries of construction materials;

• Activity of construction dredging vessels and support craft;

• Assembly (mounting/joining/pulling) of the pipelines;

• Activities of the crew involved in operation of Project vessels and workers associated with the maintenance of the vessels; and

• Marine dredging associated with the transition zone for the pipelines emerging from the microtunelling works.

Types and quantities of waste likely to be produced have been estimated based on previous experience of similar projects, and using the EU EWC codes as well as codes in Ordinance on the Classification of Waste (SG No.44/2004, amended and supplemented SG No.23/2012) to categorise waste types. Estimates are summarised in Table 19.8. Further details are provided in the following paragraphs.


Vessel-generated municipal waste (referred to as garbage under MARPOL Annex V) will be generated by the workers and crew of all vessels involved in construction. The majority of this waste will be associated with the pipe-lay vessels which are likely to be active for extended periods of time, producing predominantly mixed municipal waste and biodegradable kitchen waste.

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-25

The quantities of MARPOL Annex V waste are estimated based on an assumed generation rate of 1.5 kg/p/d (Ref. 19.4). The total number of crew days is estimated from Table 5.2 (Chapter 5 Project Description) based on number of days per vessel, crew per vessel and number of vessels of each category, giving a total number of crew days of 354,831. This results in overall waste arisings of 354,831 x 0.0015 = 532 tonnes.

The workforce and crew aboard vessels will also generate sewage, which is regulated under MARPOL Annex IV.


The estimated quantity of dredged material from the transition zones for the pipelines at the seaward end of the shore crossing is estimated as 300,000 m3. It is intended that the dredged materials will be temporarily stored in a designated storage area and, following installation of the pipelines, the stored materials will be retrieved and used for backfill of the pipeline trenches. This material is therefore not considered a waste.

The pipeline assembling activities will generate wastes associated with the welding and polishing of pipeline sections (e.g. stubs of welding electrodes, spent polishing bodies). Similarly, it is possible that wastes associated with the operation of assembly equipment (e.g. parts failure, defective electrical devices) may arise.

The construction materials and equipment used may require the disposal of associated packaging elements, typically a mixture of paper and cardboard, wood and plastic waste. Due to the scale of equipment used in the pipe-laying, some packaging waste items may be relatively large in dimension.

Hazardous Waste

A number of hazardous wastes will be generated as a result of the nearshore and offshore construction and pre-commissioning works, including:

• Waste oils and batteries from maintenance of construction plant;

• Oily waste generated during normal operation of the vessels undertaking the works (e.g. oily sludges and bilge oil);

• Waste fluorescent tubes and other lamps containing mercury generated from spent lamps from construction vessels; and

• Packaging with residues of hazardous substances.

It is also noted that there may be some medical wastes from the medical aid centres of the vessels (e.g. used bandages, cotton swabs and gauzes, disposable intravenous systems and syringes, gowns, gloves and disposable masks); such used materials may contain pathogenic microorganisms and therefore may be classed as hazardous.

Oily wastes generated by vessels are controlled under MARPOL Annex I. Oily sludge generation on board vessels is assumed to be 0.5% of fuel consumption (Ref. 19.4). Vessel fuel consumption is estimated as 127,212 tonnes, giving sludge generation of 647 tonnes. Unknown quantities of oily bilge water will also be generated, and will depend on the operational


19-26 URS-EIA-REP-202375

conditions of the vessels, in particular whether they have oily water separation systems and/or bilge water holding tanks.

As mentioned previously, the cleaning and hydro-testing of the landfall and nearshore sections will require the use of MEG as drying agent. MEG volumes (108 m3 per pipeline) will be collected and stored in tanks on support vessels prior to onshore disposal.

Table 19.8 summarises the estimated waste types and quantities that are likely to be generated as a result of the offshore Construction and Pre-Commissioning works, in accordance with the EWC codes as well as codes in Ordinance on the Classification of Waste (SG No.44/2004, amended and supplemented in SG No.23/2012).

Table 19.8 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Offshore Construction and Pre-Commissioning Activities

EWC Code


12 01 01 Ferrous metal filings and turnings


100 to 1,000 tonnes

12 01 05 Plastics shavings and turnings Scrap from preparing pipes for welding by abrasion of polypropylene coating

10 to 100 tonnes

12 01 13 Welding wastes Waste from pipe welding 10 to 100 tonnes


MARPOL Annex I waste from vessels

1 to 10 tonnes


MARPOL Annex I waste from maintenance of plant aboard vessels

1 to 100 tonnes

13 04 03* Bilge oils from other navigation MARPOL Annex I waste from vessels

100 to 1,000 tonnes

13 07 01* Fuel oil and diesel MARPOL Annex I waste from vessels

Est. 1,050 tonnes per annum

15 01 01 Paper and cardboard packaging Waste paper/card packaging from construction materials and office/mess facilities

1 to 10 tonnes

15 01 02 Plastic packaging Waste plastic packaging from construction materials and office/mess facilities

1 to 10 tonnes

Continued…

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-27

EWC Code


15 01 03 Wooden packaging Waste wooden packaging from construction materials

10 to 100 tonnes

15 01 04 Metallic packaging Waste metal drums (clean) and drinks cans

1 to 10 tonnes

15 01 07 Glass packaging Waste glass from construction materials and office/mess facilities

1 to 10 tonnes

15 01 10* Packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances


< 1 tonne

15 02 02* Absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances

Oily rags < 1 tonne

16 01 14* Antifreeze fluids containing dangerous substances

Antifreeze (MEG) from drying of pipeline

432 m3

16 05 05 Gases in pressure containers other than those mentioned in 16 05 04

Empty gas bottles/canisters < 1 tonne

17 02 03 Plastic Waste plastic from joint protection sleeves

< 1 tonne

17 09 04 Mixed construction and demolition wastes other than those mentioned in 17 09 01, 17 09 02 and 17 09 03

General mixed construction waste 100 to 1000 tonnes

18 01 03* Wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection


< 1 tonne


Source-separated waste canteen waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V waste

200 to 300 tonnes

Continued…


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EWC Code


20 01 21* Fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste


< 1 tonne

20 03 01 Mixed municipal waste Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V waste

200 to 300 tonnes

* = hazardous waste Complete.

19.3.2.2 Operational Phase

In comparison to the Construction and Pre-Commissioning Phase of works, it is anticipated that the Operational Phase of the Project will generate much smaller volumes of waste. As the Pipeline will carry dry gas, there is not expected to be any build-up of scale or need for regular cleaning.

Onshore

No waste will routinely be produced at the landfall facilities during day-to-day operating conditions as they will be unmanned.

Maintenance activities are likely to be limited to inspections and surveys, with pigging of the pipeline required at five-year intervals. Negligible quantities of domestic waste will be generated by the small number of staff carrying out inspections and surveys. The Right-of-Way (RoW) will be kept clear of deep-rooting trees by periodic inspection and clearance, but this is not anticipated to give rise to any wastes that would require off-site management or disposal.

Nearshore and Offshore Sections

The normal operation of the South Stream Pipeline will not cause the generation of waste in the nearshore and offshore sections. Surveys will be carried out of critical areas on an annual basis using Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV), and of the whole Pipeline every five years. These surveys will be carried out from vessels and the survey duration is expected to be five days for annual surveys and up to 30 days for the five-year surveys. The survey vessels are expected to have crews of up to 50 and hence MARPOL Annex V (garbage) arisings will be approximately (0.0015 x 50 x 5) = 0.375 t for the annual surveys and (0.0015 x 50 x 30) = 2.25 t for the five-year surveys. MARPOL Annex I (oily waste) arisings will also be generated by the vessels, and whilst quantities cannot be calculated at this stage due to lack of information about fuel use and bilge water management of the vessels, the quantities are expected to be small (< 10 tonnes per survey).

In the event of emergency pipeline repair, vessels will need to be mobilised and welding may be required. The types of waste would be similar to those generated during construction, but since the frequency and severity of pipeline repair cannot be estimated, there is no information on

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-29

the quantities of waste arising. Since the probability of failure is expected to be low, the likelihood of significant quantities of repair waste being generated is also expected to be low.

Table 19.9 summarises the estimated onshore and offshore wastes that are likely to be generated as a result of the Project operation (again, wastes are categorised in accordance with the EWC codes).

Table 19.9 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Operational Phase (Onshore and Offshore)

EWC Code


02 01 07 Wastes from forestry Site clearance waste < 1 tonne per annum (average)


Maintenance of mobile plant and MARPOL Annex I waste from vessels

< 1 tonne per annum (average)





1 to 10 tonnes per annum (average)


1 to 10 tonnes per annum (average)


Source-separated waste; canteen waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V waste


20 03 01 Mixed municipal waste Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V waste


* Hazardous waste

19.3.2.3 Decommissioning and Closure

The expected service lifetime of the South Stream Offshore Pipeline is 50 years. Decommissioning of the Pipeline will be undertaken in accordance with the legislation prevailing at that time, in liaison with the relevant regulatory authorities.


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Within the South Stream Offshore Pipeline operational lifetime of 50 years there may be changes to statutory decommissioning requirements, as well as advances in technology and knowledge. South Stream Transport will therefore utilise GIIP during all decommissioning operations.

The actual method used for decommissioning will not be determined until closer to the time of decommissioning, and in particular no decision has been made on whether the subsea pipelines will be removed, or whether they will be left in situ (i.e. flushed, filled with water, sealed and left in position).

The main waste materials generated by decommissioning will be inert crushed stone (from demolition of structures, concrete pipe coating and removal of hardstanding) and metal (from pipes and ancillary equipment). Depending on the techniques used, small quantities of waste associated with maintenance of the plant used for decommissioning may also be generated. Estimated quantities provided in Table 19.10 are based on complete removal of the pipeline and ancillary facilities; in practice, the pipeline may be decommissioned in situ in which case waste arisings would be greatly reduced.

Table 19.10 Estimated Types and Volumes of Waste during Decommissioning Activities

EWC Code

EWC Description Source Estimated Quantity (tonnes)

17 04 05 Iron and steel Removal of pipelines and associated equipment

700,000

17 05 04 Soil and stones other than those mentioned in 17 05 03

Demolition rubble from removal and crushing of concrete structures and pipe coating

130,000



1 to 100 tonnes



1 to 100 tonnes


1 to 100 tonnes


1 to 100 tonnes


Canteen waste from crew facilities

1 to 100 tonnes

20 03 01 Mixed municipal waste Canteen waste from crew facilities

1 to 100 tonnes

* Hazardous waste

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-31

EWC Code

EWC Description Source Estimated Quantity (tonnes)

19.4 Mitigation Measures

19.4.1 General Approach to Waste Management

The general approach to managing solid waste will be described in the integrated Waste Management Plan (WMP) drawn up by contractors. This provides guidance on:

• Waste minimisation and prevention;

• Identification and segregation of waste materials at source;

• Recycling and reuse of suitable materials; and

• Treatment and disposal of specific waste streams.

The integrated WMP will refer to vessel-specific Waste Management Plans which will include provisions for segregating waste on board, having secure areas for storage of hazardous waste and recycling and/or reuse where practicable.

The structure of the contractors’ integrated WMPs should follow the outline provided in Table 19.11. All wastes will be managed in accordance with the applicable regulations and statutory obligations.

Table 19.11 Recommended Contents of the Waste Management Plans

Section Content

Introduction Background

Plan Objectives

Limitations of the WMP

Layout of the WMP

Project Description Project Details

Nature of Project

Location

Continued…


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Section Content

Management Arrangements Roles and Responsibilities

WMP Distribution

Instruction and Training

Performance Indicators

Waste Management Arrangements

Forecast Waste Arisings

Record of Decisions Taken Regarding Waste Management

Opportunities for Increasing Recycled Content

Opportunities for Waste Minimisation

Waste Storage and Segregation Arrangements

Waste Management Arrangements

Monitoring Arrangements

Complete.

19.4.2 Specific Mitigation Measures

The specific mitigation measures that will be adopted to ensure responsible management of the wastes arising from the Project are described below and summarised in Table 19.12 in Section 19.4.2.3.

19.4.2.1 Landfall Section


Facilities will be available for the separation of certain recyclable materials from the municipal waste stream during the onshore construction works (e.g. paper and glass from welfare, office and mess facilities).

All wastes arising will be stored, collected and transported off-site in appropriate bins and containers.

Only appropriately licensed companies will be employed for the transportation, recycling and disposal of waste. Waste will be managed using suitably licensed under Bulgarian regulations.

During operation, the small quantities of waste generated (by workforce) will typically be transported back to the base office of the staff involved, from where it will be managed using local waste collection and disposal companies.

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-33


Construction waste will be segregated at source and collected by suitably licensed local waste management contractors for recycling or disposal using existing local facilities which are suitably licensed under Bulgarian regulations.

It is anticipated that many of the waste streams to be generated during the Construction and Pre-Commissioning Phase can potentially be reused or recycled. Examples include:

• Recycling of inert wastes, excavated materials and surplus concrete and concrete products into aggregates for use within the development, such as in parking areas and access roads;

• Recycling of metal off-cuts, surplus and damaged parts, including pipework, re-bar, cabling etc.; and

• Reuse, recycling or recovery of packaging wastes including wood, cardboard, paper and some plastics.

Where possible contractors will be encouraged to reduce waste arisings and identify opportunities for reuse and recycling.

Alternative uses of vegetative waste, in particular timber, will be promoted where possible. It is intended that, where possible, timber to be cleared as part of the Project development will be removed for commercial purposes (i.e. sold into timber markets).

The location of waste storage areas will consider the nature of the materials to be stored within, the likelihood of disturbance through accidents, and control actions available in case of emergency (e.g. fire, flood).

General construction wastes will be managed with a local waste management contractor as per the local waste management market. The waste management contractor will be approved by regulatory authorities to transport, reuse, recycle, treat and/or dispose of waste types that are generated. Appropriate skips, containers, bags and storage areas will be provided including the separate storage of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes and for the segregation, where viable, of materials suitable for reuse or recycling such as metals, plastics and paper and card.

Surplus excavated spoil will be used for landscaping purposes within the construction corridor or will be used for site engineering or restoration purposes at a local landfill site, or as inert backfill at identified quarries.

Hazardous Waste

Hazardous materials, such as waste oils and oily wastes, will be contained in appropriate closed containers and drums. Liquid wastes will be stored in an area of secondary containment, designed to capture any waste that may leak from the containers, with a volume equal to at least 110% of the volume of the largest storage container. Hazardous wastes will be collected for treatment by a suitably licensed waste collector and treated at a facility, which complies with the relevant local regulations and GIIP.

Small quantities of medical waste may be generated during construction activities. Any small quantities of medical waste generated will be temporarily stored in fit-for-purpose containers in


19-34 URS-EIA-REP-202375

a closed room with restricted access for the staff until transport off-site by an approved and licensed contractor to a dedicated clinical waste management facility.

The cleaning, gauging and hydro-testing of the whole South Stream Offshore Pipeline may require the use of up to 3,200 m3 of MEG (1,060 m3 if MEG is used for cleaning only). MEG will be introduced at the landfall facilities in Russia and collected at the landfill facilities in Bulgaria. The contractor will be responsible for ensuring compliance with REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) with respect to importation of chemicals (i.e. MEG) from outside the EU (i.e. Russia).

MEG from the cleaning and drying of the offshore pipeline system will be collected in tanks at the landfall facility, and either returned to the supplier or transported to a suitable facility for recycling or recovery (e.g. use as secondary fuel in suitably licenced facility). Storage facilities should comply with the Bulgarian National Regulation on the Terms and Conditions for Storage of Hazardous Chemical Substances and Mixtures.

19.4.2.2 Nearshore and Offshore Section

Waste from Workforce and Construction Activities

Offshore waste during both construction and operation will be managed in accordance with the requirements of MARPOL 73/78.

With respect to MARPOL Annex V waste, there will be no discharge of any garbage within 12 NM of the coast. Outside this 12 NM limit, food waste may be comminuted or ground prior to discharge, providing vessels are en route. MARPOL Annex V does not give any minimum speed as part of the definition of “en route”.

Garbage will be stored on vessels in suitable containers, clearly marked to indicate the type of waste within. Any garbage requiring transfer either to support vessels or for onshore disposal will be located in order to provide ease of access for loading and unloading. Once the waste has been transferred to shore, it will be collected by licensed contractors.

Where feasible, recyclable garbage will be separated at source, separately stored and collected for recycling by the port waste reception contractors, providing facilities for the receipt of such recyclates are available. Vessels may make use of on-board garbage incineration units, provided these are of a type approved in accordance with the IMO “Standard Specification for Shipboard Incinerators” and comply with the requirements of Regulation 16 of MARPOL Annex VI and the Standard Specification for On-board Ship Incinerators, adopted by the Marine Environment Protection Committee on 25 September 1997. On vessels capable of incineration, the following solid wastes may be incinerated: domestic waste (excluding glass); operating wastes (e.g. oily sludges); textiles; and uncontaminated plastic containers. Solid wastes that will not be incinerated include mercury vapour lamps and mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, glass and scrap metal.

Project vessels shall carry a Garbage Management Plan which will include written procedures for collection, storage, processing and disposal of waste, including the use of any relevant equipment fitted onboard. The Garbage Management Plan will designate the person responsible

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-35

for carrying out the Plan Vessels over 400 gross tonnage or carrying more than 15 passengers shall also maintain a Garbage Book.

For the purposes of complying with MARPOL 73/78, construction waste arising on board the vessels will be managed as MARPOL Annex V waste, with discharge at sea strictly prohibited. All waste (predominantly welding and packaging waste) will be retained on board, source-separated where practicable, and collected by the port authorities or their nominated contractors using the existing port waste reception facilities. Any hazardous waste generated during offshore construction (other than MARPOL Annex I Oily Waste, described separately below) will be stored, collected and managed separately in accordance with Bulgarian regulations.

The seabed material which will be moved during construction has been surveyed and no contamination has been identified (Chapter 12 Marine Environment). In the event that dredge spoil is identified as contaminated or requires disposal on land, it will be treated as construction waste and appropriately stored, transported and disposed of. However, baseline studies undertaken to date do not indicate that this is likely.

Sewage from vessels will be managed in accordance with MARPOL Annex IV. Discharge of sewage will only take place when:

• The ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage at a distance of more than 3 NM from the nearest land, or sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of more than 12 NM from the nearest land, provided that in any case, the sewage that has been stored in holding tanks shall not be discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots; or

• The ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment and the effluent does not produce visible floating solids nor cause discoloration of the surrounding water.

Hazardous Waste

Under MARPOL Annex I, vessels are permitted to discharge bilge water which has been treated using an Oily Water Separator (OWS) such that it has oil content below 15 ppm, provided the vessel is proceeding en route. “En route” for the purposes of MARPOL Annex I is defined as meaning “… that the ship is underway at sea on a course or courses, including deviation from the shortest direct route, which as far as practicable for navigation purposes, will cause any discharge to be spread over as great an area of the sea as is reasonable and practicable”. Vessels which are stationary (i.e. not en route) will be required to retain bilge water on board for subsequent discharge to dedicated collection vessels; or treatment and discharge once they are proceeding en route; or discharge to port waste reception facilities.

Oily sludge will be collected and stored in dedicated sludge tanks. Oily sludge (and residues from bilge water OWS systems) will be treated by incineration in the case of those vessels having MARPOL-compliant incinerators. In all other cases, oily wastes will be retained on board for subsequent discharge to dedicated collection vessels or port waste reception facilities.

Vessels will maintain an Oil Record Book and Oil Pollution Emergency Plan in accordance with MARPOL Annex I.


19-36 URS-EIA-REP-202375

Waste MEG from the landfall and nearshore pipeline drying work will be collected on board vessels. Depending on whether MEG will be transported on board the vessel in packaged form or in bulk (i.e. whether it will be stored in demountable tanks on a regular vessel, or in internal tanks in chemical tanker), it may be regulated by either MARPOL Annex III (Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form) or Annex II (Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk), and the vessel will comply with the relevant provisions.

MEG is categorised as a potential marine pollutant under the International Maritime Organisation’s International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and as such must be suitably packaged and labeled in accordance with MARPOL Annex III. Under MARPOL Annex II, MEG is classified as a Category Y pollutant.

19.4.2.3 Summary

Table 19.12 summarises the management measures proposed for the various waste types anticipated to be generated by the Project and facilities which may be used for the intermediate storage, treatment and/or disposal of the wastes.

Table 19.12 Mitigation and Management Measures

Description of Waste Type EWC code Potential Management Route

Potential 2 Facilities

Construction and Pre-Commissioning Phase

Onshore

Site vegetation clearance waste

02 01 07 Utilised on site for habitat improvement or composted

Ecoinvest, Varna


12 01 01 Recycling Ekomax Shumen

Scrap from preparing pipes for welding by abrasion of polypropylene coating

12 01 05 Recycling (if outlets are available) or landfill disposal

Shumen or Varna Municipality Landfills

Waste from pipe welding 12 01 13 Landfill disposal Varna Municipality Landfill

Continued…

2 The capabilities and capacity of the identified licensed waste facilities will be confirmed prior to the disposal of waste.

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-37




12 01 21 Landfill disposal Varna Municipality Landfill

Maintenance of mobile plant and

13 01 10* Disposal at hazardous waste facility

Al & Co Shumen

Maintenance of mobile plant 13 02 05* Disposal at hazardous waste facility

Al & Co Shumen

Waste paper/card packaging from construction materials and office/mess facilities

15 01 01 Recycling Local facilities

Waste plastic packaging from construction materials and office/mess facilities

15 01 02 Recycling Local facilities or Ekomax Shumen

Waste wooden packaging from construction materials

15 01 03 Recycling or biomass energy Ekomax Shumen

Waste metal drums (clean) and drinks cans


Waste glass from construction materials and office/mess facilities




Ekomax Shumen

Oily rags 15 02 02* Disposal at hazardous waste facility

Ekomax Shumen

Waste tyres from mobile plant 16 01 03 Recycling (if suitable facilities are available) or landfill disposal

Varna Municipality Landfill

Oil filters from maintenance of mobile plant


Ekomax Shumen


16 01 14* Take-back agreement to be agreed with supplier for recycling/recovery of used MEG

MEG supplier or thermal recovery facility

Continued…


19-38 URS-EIA-REP-202375



Empty gas bottles/canisters 16 05 05 Recycling (if suitable facilities are available) or landfill disposal


Used batteries from maintenance of mobile plant

16 06 01* Recycling (if suitable facilities are available) or disposal at hazardous waste facility

Ekomax Shumen


17 01 07 Recycling (if suitable facilities are available) or disposal at inert waste landfill

Shumen Municipality Landfill

Waste plastic from joint protection sleeves

17 02 03 Recycling (if suitable facilities are available) or landfill disposal


Waste metals from construction of landfill facilities and modifications to marshalling yards


Surplus excavated material 17 05 04 Reuse on site for landscaping purposes or used for engineering or restoration at local landfill sites


General mixed construction waste

17 09 04 Recycling (if suitable facilities are available) or landfill disposal



18 01 03* Disposal to clinical waste facilities

St. Anna Hospital


20 01 08 Recycling at MBT facility (if available) or landfill disposal

Ecoinvest or Varna Municipality Landfill



Ekomax Shumen

Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices)

20 03 01 Recycling at MRF Ecoinvest Varna

Continued…

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-39



Offshore


12 01 01 Transferred to vessel waste reception facilities (source-separated as metallic waste for recycling)

MAE Varna


12 01 05 Transferred to vessel waste reception facilities

MAE Varna

Waste from pipe welding 12 01 13 Transferred to vessel waste reception facilities

MAE Varna


13 01 10* Incinerated on-board or transferred to vessel waste reception facilities for management at hazardous waste facility

MAE Varna



MAE Varna



MAE Varna



MAE Varna


15 01 01 Transferred to vessel waste reception facilities (source-separated if practicable)

MAE Varna



MAE Varna

Continued…


19-40 URS-EIA-REP-202375





MAE Varna



MAE Varna



MAE Varna


15 01 10* Transferred to vessel waste reception facilities for management at hazardous waste facility

MAE Varna

Oily rags 15 02 02* Incinerated on-board or transferred to vessel waste reception facilities for management at hazardous waste facility

MAE Varna


16 01 14* Take-back agreement to be agreed with supplier for recycling/recovery of used MEG

MEG supplier or thermal recovery facility

Empty gas bottles/canisters 16 05 05 Transferred to vessel waste reception facilities (source-separated if practicable)

MAE Varna



MAE Varna


17 09 04 Transferred to vessel waste reception facilities

MAE Varna



MAE Varna

Continued…

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-41




20 01 08 Macerated and discharged at sea where this can be done in compliance with MARPOL regulations, otherwise incinerated on board or transferred to vessel waste reception facilities for disposal

MAE Varna



MAE Varna

Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V waste

20 03 01 Incinerated on-board or transferred to vessel waste reception facilities

MAE Varna

Operational Phase (Onshore and Offshore)

Site clearance waste 02 01 07 Utilised on site for habitat improvement or composted

EcoInvest Varna


13 01 10* Incinerated on-board or transferred to vessel waste reception facilities for management at hazardous waste facility (offshore); disposal at hazardous waste facility (onshore)

Al & Co Shumen or MAE Varna







Continued…


19-42 URS-EIA-REP-202375







20 01 08 Incinerated on-board or transferred to vessel waste reception facilities for disposal (offshore); recycled or landfill disposal (onshore)

MAE Varna, Ecoinvest or Varna Municipality Landfill

Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V waste

20 03 01 Incinerated on-board or transferred to vessel waste reception facilities for disposal (offshore); landfill disposal (onshore)

MAE Varna or Varna Municipality Landfill

* Hazardous Waste Complete.

Due to the long period of time before decommissioning is programmed to start, it is not possible to identify specific management routes and facilities for decommissioning waste. However, the great majority of decommissioning waste will be inert rubble or metal.

19.4.3 Monitoring

South Stream Transport will develop an overarching Environmental and Social Monitoring Programme that will detail the monitoring requirements. As part of this Monitoring Programme, the quantities of waste generated by the overall project and the means of management of these wastes will be monitored on a regular basis. Monitoring will also be carried out to ensure compliance with Bulgarian regulations and MARPOL requirements for maintenance of Oil and Garbage Record Books as required under MARPOL Annex I and V respectively.

Monitoring records will be maintained which will include, as a minimum, the following information:

• Types and quantities of waste generated;

• Types and quantities of waste leaving Project sites or vessels for recycling, recovery or disposal;

• Details of vehicles or vessels transporting waste;

• Location of treatment or disposal facilities to which the waste is transported; and

• Records of any spillages or unplanned releases, or any enforcement actions.

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-43

19.4.4 Assessment of Residual Impact Significance

Table 19.13 summarises the impacts of each waste stream. Based on the understanding that all waste collection, management and disposal will be carried out by suitably licensed contractors and using facilities that are constructed, operated and licensed in accordance with relevant Bulgarian regulations, the impacts following mitigation are assessed to be Negligible to Low, provided the utilised MEG (EWC code 16 01 14*) is managed in an approved manner.

Table 19.13 Evaluation of Mitigation Measures

Description of Waste Type

Potential Facilities

Waste Category

Facility Assessment

Residual Impact

Construction and Pre-Commissioning Phase

Landfall Section

Site vegetation clearance waste

Ecoinvest, Varna Non-hazardous

Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Negligible


Ekomax Shumen Inert Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Negligible


Shumen or Varna Municipality Landfills

Non-hazardous


Negligible

Waste from pipe welding Varna Municipality Landfill

Non-hazardous


Negligible



Non-hazardous


Negligible

Waste oil from maintenance of mobile plant

Al & Co Shumen Hazardous Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Low


Local facilities Non-hazardous


Negligible

Continued…


19-44 URS-EIA-REP-202375



Waste Category

Facility Assessment

Residual Impact


Local facilities or Ekomax Shumen

Non-hazardous


Negligible


Ekomax Shumen Non-hazardous


Negligible



Negligible



Negligible


Ekomax Shumen Hazardous Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Low

Oily rags Ekomax Shumen Hazardous Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Low

Waste tyres from mobile plant


Non-hazardous


Negligible

Oil filters from maintenance of mobile plant


Low


MEG supplier or thermal recovery facility (e.g. potentially suitable facilities are available in Germany)

Hazardous Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Low

Empty gas bottles/canisters


Non-hazardous


Negligible

Continued…

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-45



Waste Category

Facility Assessment

Residual Impact

Used batteries from maintenance of mobile plant


Low


Shumen Municipality Landfill

Inert Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Negligible



Non-hazardous


Negligible

Waste metals from construction of landfill facilities and modifications to marshalling yards


Negligible

Surplus excavated material


Inert Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Negligible



Non-hazardous


Negligible


St. Anna Hospital Hazardous Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Low


Ecoinvest or Varna Municipality Landfill

Non-hazardous


Negligible



Low

Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices)

Ecoinvest Varna Non-hazardous


Negligible

Continued…


19-46 URS-EIA-REP-202375



Waste Category

Facility Assessment

Residual Impact

Offshore


MAE Varna Inert Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Negligible


MAE Varna Non-hazardous


Negligible

Waste from pipe welding MAE Varna Non-hazardous


Negligible


MAE Varna Hazardous Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Low




Negligible




Negligible




Negligible



Negligible



Negligible




Negligible

Continued…

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-47



Waste Category

Facility Assessment

Residual Impact

Oily rags MAE Varna Non-hazardous


Negligible


MEG supplier or thermal recovery facility (e.g. potentially suitable facilities are available in Germany)


Low

Empty gas bottles/canisters



Negligible




Negligible




Negligible




Negligible

Source-separated waste canteen waste (from welfare facilities/ mess/offices)



Negligible

Source-separated waste fluorescent tubes (from welfare facilities/ mess/offices)

MAE Varna Hazardous Suitable facilities with sufficient capacity

Low

Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/ mess/offices)



Negligible

Continued…


19-48 URS-EIA-REP-202375



Waste Category

Facility Assessment

Residual Impact

Operational Phase (Onshore and Offshore)

Site clearance waste EcoInvest Varna Non-hazardous


Negligible




Low

Source-separated waste canteen waste (from welfare facilities/ mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V waste

MAE Varna, Ecoinvest or Varna Municipality Landfill

Non-hazardous


Negligible

Mixed waste (from welfare facilities/mess/offices) and MARPOL Annex V

MAE Varna or Varna Municipality Landfill

Non-hazardous


Negligible

Complete.

Specific facilities for recycling MEG have not been confirmed at this stage of the project, but it has been confirmed that potentially suitable facilities exist within the EU for either regeneration of MEG or thermal recovery. The contractor will be required to use a suitably licensed facility, either in Bulgaria or elsewhere, for management of used MEG. The impacts will be adverse, but of Negligible to Low levels of significance.

The overall quantities of waste requiring management are relatively small in comparison with the capacity of the receiving facilities. The most likely source of any impacts would be from accidental release during temporary storage or transport of hazardous wastes. The risks of this occurring will be minimised by preparing and implementing a WMP for the Project. In addition to the international legislation outlined above, the Project is aligned with the IFC General EHS Guidelines and PSs.

19.5 Unplanned Events

Procedures for dealing with unplanned events will be set out in the Project Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan The mitigation measures described in this section (including the procedures for temporary storage and transportation of waste) have been developed with the intention of mitigating the likelihood of any unplanned release of wastes; for example, releases due to inadequate storage arrangements at the site, or spillages during loading and unloading of wastes, and the Project Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan will include

URS-EIA-REP-202375 19-49

contingency arrangements in the unlikely event of releases (e.g. provision of spill kits). More general information is contained within Chapter 20 Unplanned Events.

19.6 Cumulative Impacts

The Pasha Dere receiving terminal (RT) and Varna compressor station (CS) are recognised as the other significant developments in the area that could potentially put pressure upon waste disposal and storage facilities. However, considering the quantities of waste generated by the Project and the capacity and availability of suitable waste management facilities, there is expected to be no cumulative impacts associated with other proposed schemes in the area.

The waste management impacts of the Pasha Dere RT and Varna CS, which will be located directly adjacent to the Project, are presented in Chapter 21 Cumulative Impact Assessment and in Appendix 21.1.

19.7 Conclusions

The assessment of waste management impacts arising from the Project has identified the waste streams that are anticipated to be produced during the Construction and Pre-Commissioning Phase and the Operational Phase, and identified the availability and suitability of existing waste management facilities to manage those wastes. Mitigation measures have been developed in order to minimise the impacts as far as possible, including the preparation and implementation of an integrated WMP by contractors. Provided that all of the mitigation measures described above are correctly implemented, and provided suitable facilities are identified for management of waste MEG, the impacts from the Project are expected to be Low to Negligible.

The waste stream which will require particularly careful management is the MEG associated with the cleaning and drying of the various pipeline sections, where there is a need to ensure that suitable recycling and disposal facilities are used which can safely handle such volumes, and that regulatory approvals are in place in the event that the waste is exported from Bulgaria to other EU countries. The transportation of all waste, and particularly hazardous waste, will be carried out in accordance with relevant Bulgarian regulations in terms of the types of containers used and suitable labelling of vehicles.

Provided that all of the mitigation measures described above are correctly implemented, the overall waste management impacts from the Project are expected to be Low to Negligible.


19-50 URS-EIA-REP-202375

References

Number Reference

Ref. 19.1 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention), 1972.

Ref. 19.2 Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (Basel Convention), 1992.

Ref. 19.3 Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convention).

Ref. 19.4 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78 Convention) Annex I – VI.

Ref. 19.5 EU Directive 2000/59/ЕC and 2007/71/EC on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo residues.

Ref. 19.6 EU Directive 2008/98/ЕC on Waste.

Ref. 19.7 Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest Convention), 1992.

Ref. 19.8 IFC (2007). Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines - General EHS Guidelines: Environmental.

Ref. 19.9 IFC PS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention, 1 January 2012.

Ref. 19.10 IFC PS3 Guidance Note: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention, 1 January 2012.

Ref. 19.11 EU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC).

Ref. 19.12 Forestry in the EU and the world, a statistical portrait (Eurostat, 2011 Edition).

chapter 19: waste management...2014/07/28 · convention) annex i – vi (ref. 19.4) (bulgaria has...

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