CHAPTER 17TO THE WEST

By Nick Gribik

The Columbian Exchange

Transfer of:People, animals, plants and diseases

from the old world to the new world

Caused epidemics to the natives because they had no immunity built up for diseases like smallpox

The Columbian Exchange

Transfer of plantsRadically changed the natives dietsAmericans also offered the

Europeans their crops Livestock

European livestock was destructive to fields

Europe in America

•Spain: green (Brazil became a viceroyalty of Spain)

•British: red

•French: blue

• These were three of the main European nations in the Americas

Spain

Conquistadors The First Spanish in the Americas They were sent to conquer all land for Spain

Council of the Indies Institution responsible for supervising Spanish

colonies from 1524 to early 1700’s

Spain

Taxes Taxes were paid by silver and gold mines and

sugar plantations in Brazil Viceroys

Highest ranking officials in the new world Each viceroyalty divided into judicial and

administrative districts

Spain

Religion The Christian church became the main place

of worship Christianity was a way to spread European

culture to the natives of the new world Clergy members would try to get natives to

convert to Christianity

Spain

Economy Silver mining took place mostly in Peru and

Mexico Generated more wealth than the gold that was

found in Latin America Potosi: single richest silver deposit found in the

Americas Sugar plantations based in Brazil

Spain

Economy All of the wealth lead to urbanization Mining lead to change in the natural

environment Encomienda

The forced labor of the natives

Spain

Basically slaves Natives did most manual labor with little pay

Women and children forced to work in order to have enough money to survive

Some Amerindians moved permanently to Spanish mines

Spain

Society Merchants, artisans, miners, priests, and

lawyers made it to the Americas Some beggars, criminals, and prostitutes also

made it Thousands of blacks participated in the

conquest of the Americas

Spain

Mestizos The term used by Spanish authorities to

describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent

Mulattos The term used by Spanish and Portuguese

colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent

Spain

Spanish Colonists

British

Sir Humphrey Gilbert First tried to start a colony in Newfoundland in

1583 The colony was abandoned within a year

British

Roanoke The next attempted colony Located in Virginia Colony “disappeared and still today no one is

sure what happened there

British

Jamestown First successful British colony Located in southern US Lived off of plantations

Most plantations were tobacco based Had to build a fort to ward off Indian attacks

British

Indentured servants At one point 80% of British immigrants were

indentured servants This means they had to work an average of 4-7

years to in order to travel to the new world

British

New England Pilgrims

Left because of religious persecution Landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620 Government developed the governor Squanto helped the struggling colonists survive

British

New York Originally owned by the Dutch and called

Manhattan Island Taken by the British and was renamed New

York Pennsylvania

Founded by William Penn Became know for its Quakers

British

The Mayflower that the first Pilgrims arrived on

British

Late 17th century The Crown passed navigation acts that

angered the colonists Colonists responded by overthrowing officials

in Manhattan 18th century

Major increase in urbanization

France

First Colonies in the Americas The French first settled in Canada Later they settled in Louisiana

France

Colonies Colonies were developed in places more

similar to Spain than Britain, The colonies were also built more similar to

the Spanish style The patterns of their settlement also matched

the Spanish

France

Work For the most part, France came to the

Americas for missionary work They took to many of the resources, and

depleted deer and beaver populations

France

Deer and Beaver The Amerindians were very dependent on

these two animals Since the population was low, Amerindians

were forced to buy European goods Needless to say the Indians were mad, which

caused ……

France

The French and Indian War The French were defeated by the British Forced to give up Canada to England Also forced to give up Louisiana to Spain

France

This picture depicts the angry IndiansFighting furiously against the French