Chapter 17

Imperialism:Imperialism:The U.S. Becomes a World PowerThe U.S. Becomes a World Power

From Isolationist to ImperialistAfter the Civil War Americans showed little

interest in expanding the nation’s territory outside the U.S. = Isolationism

Focused on reconstructing the South, building the nation’s industries and settling the West

1880s many Americans were convinced that the U.S. should become a World Power

Imperialism = the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones

Why would the U.S. want to become an Imperial Nation?

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

American Foreign Trade:

1870-1914

American Foreign Trade:

1870-1914

2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

“The ships of war of the United States, in war, will be like land birds, unable to fly far from their own

shores. To provide resting places for them, where they can coal and repair, would be one of the first

duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of th nation at sea”

3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking

The White Man’sBurden

The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy

of RaceThe Hierarchy

of Race

Manifest Destiny to the World?

“The work which the English race began when it colonized North America is destined to go on until every land… that is not already the seat of an old civilization shall become English in its language, in its religion, in political habits and traditions, and to a predominant extent in the blood of its people” John Fiske “ the Expansionists of 1898”

4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier

5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier

I. Building Support for ImperialismA Desire for New Markets

“We are making more than we can consume…making more than we can use. Therefore we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our neighbor”

A Need for military and strategic interests Enforce treaties and protect overseas investments Enhance the Navy’s ability to threaten or wage

warfareSocial Darwinist ThinkingReligious/Missionary InterestsThe Closing of the American Frontier

Review

U.S. Expands Overseas

EffectCauses

““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867

$7.2 million$7.2 million

““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

II. Expansion in the PacificA. Alaska 1867 William Seward (Sec. of State under

Lincoln and Johnson) arranges to buy Alaska from Russia

Thought of as foolish by many (“Seward’s Icebox” or “Seward’s Folly”)

Became a state in 1959 for 2 cents an acre

Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853

Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853

The Japanese View of

Commodore Perry

The Japanese View of

Commodore Perry

II. Expansion in the PacificB. Japan

1852, President Franklin Pierce sends Matthew C. Perry to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty

1854 Japan opens two ports to trade with the U.S.

U. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in Hawaii

Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

1875 – 1875 – Reciprocity Reciprocity Treaty Treaty

1890 – 1890 – McKinley McKinley TariffTariff

1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.

Sanford Ballard DoleSanford Ballard Dole

proclaims the proclaims the Republic Republic of Hawaii in 1894.of Hawaii in 1894.

Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils

To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

II. Expansion in the PacificC. Hawaii 1872 recession in Hawaii, the US exempts

Hawaiian sugar Tariff comes up for renewal and the Senate insists that

Hawaii give the U.S. exclusive rights to the naval base at Pearl Harbor

McKinley Tariff 1890 – subsidies to sugar producers in the U.S. causing the price of Hawaiian sugar to decline and therefore the economy of Hawaii to decline

1891 – Queen Liliuokalani became the Queen of Hawaii. 1893 – group of sugar planters with help of U.S. Marines

forced the Queen to give up power Planters set up a temporary government and ask the U.S. to

annex Hawaii

Trade and Diplomacy in Latin America

III. Trade and Diplomacy in Latin America

A. Pan-Americanism – The U.S. and Latin America will work together 1889 1st Pan-American Conference in Washington

D.C. Goals were to create customs union and a system to

work out disputes Both rejected by Latin Americans

Commercial Bureau of the American Republics Agreed to by the Latin Americans To promote cooperation among the nations of the

Western Hemisphere Today it is called the Organization of American States

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVtkZ6Sv16M

““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism

““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

William Randolph Hearst

William Randolph Hearst

Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington: You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! and I’ll furnish the war!

video clip on yellow journalism

De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter

Dupuy de Lôme, Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishSpanishAmbassador to the Ambassador to the U.S.U.S.

Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as weak and weak and aabidder for the bidder for the admirationadmirationof the crowd, besidesof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be being a would-be politicianpoliticianwho tries to leave a who tries to leave a doordooropen behind himself open behind himself whilewhilekeeping on good termskeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hiswith the jingoes of hisparty.party.

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

IV. The Coming of War with CubaA. Cuban rebels declare independence from

Spain, but rebellion failed and rebels escaped to U.S. Americans were neutral until…

B. Yellow Journalism William Randolph Hearst- New York Journal Joseph Pulitzer – New York World News articles with exaggerated stories of

Spanish attacks on Cubans Americans begin to side with Cuba

C. General Valeriano Weyler Spanish governor of Cuba Caused death of thousands of Cubans in

reconcentration camps

D. de Lome letter Spanish Ambassador to U.S., Enrique Dupuy

de Lome, wrote a letter describing President McKinley as weak

NY Journal prints the letter

E. USS Maine anchored in Havana, Cuba explodes Killed 266 American sailors

Look at the many items created to commemorate the sinking of the Maine

http://www.authentichistory.com/1898-1913/4-imperialism/2-saw/1-prelude/index.html

Listen to the song “Uncle Sam Tell Us why you are Waiting” and answer the questions in your notes

http://www.authentichistory.com/1898-1913/4-imperialism/2-saw/1-prelude/18980000_Uncle_Sam_Tell_Us_Why_Are_You_Waiting-George_J_Gaskin.html

Factors that led Americans to call for war with Spain in the late 1800s

The Spanish-American WarMake an illustrated timeline of the following events. Mark them as Pacific or Atlantic

April 23, 1898 blockade of Cuba April 24 – attack on the Spanish fleet in the Phillipines May 1898 – George Dewey destroyed the Spanish

warships in Manila Bay, Philippines and seized the island of Guam

June 1898 – troops attack El Caney and the Rough Riders (including Theodore Roosevelt) attack San Juan Heights

August 12, 1898 – Spain and US agree to a cease-fire December 10, 1898 – the Treaty of Paris is signed

Cuba becomes an independent country U.S. acquires Puerto Rico and Guam U.S. pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines

Revolution in the PhilippinesEmilio Aguinaldo – ordered troops to attack

American soldiers in the PhilippinesGen. MacArthur was forced to set up

reconcentration campsWilliam H. Taft (Gov. of the Philippines)

introduced new reforms in education, transportation and health care

Reforms lessened Filipino hostility

Puerto Rico 1900 congress passed

the Foraker Act making Puerto Rico an unincorporated territory

1917 Puerto Ricans made citizens of the U.S.

Have territorial government

No representation in Congress

CubaAfter the war the U.S. set up a military

government in Cuba. Cuba technically an independent country Platt Amendment

Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that would weaken its power or allow another foreign power to gain territory in Cuba

Cuba had to allow the U.S. to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba

Cuba’s debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment

The U.S. would have the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order

CUBA = PROTECTORATEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=IU5l4yQCpMM

America Becomes a World Power Times

For each of the topics below, create a headline for our newspaper and draw a picture to go with your headlineThe US in CubaThe US in the Philippines

American DiplomacyLate 1800s China was

divided into Spheres of Influence (trading zones)

The US did not have a sphere

The US encouraged an Open Door Policy in China (free trade with all countries)

Not well received by the Chinese

The Boxer RebellionBoxers = a secret

society in China that hated foreigners and the Open Door Policy

Wanted to kill all Foreigners

Captured some Americans

US Marines sent in to free hostages

China : People and Places clip (Empress Tsu Hsi and the Boxer Rebellion)

Panama CanalThe US Strongly

supported the building of the Panama Canal to make shipping easier

Building of the CanalThe US and President Theodore

Roosevelt helped the Panamanians in overthrowing Colombian Rule

Panama then allowed the US to construct the Canal

Roosevelt then issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineThe US will intervene in Latin American

affairs when it deemed necessary

America Becomes a World Power Times

Create a headline and picture for America and the Panama Canal