chapter 17. forming the pluperfect tense in latin is so easy! just follow these steps: 1. find the...
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Pluperfect TenseChapter 17
Forming the Pluperfect: Step 1 Forming the pluperfect tense in Latin
is SO easy! Just follow these steps:1. Find the perfect stem. The
perfect stem is found by looking at the third principal part of the verb and removing the –i.
▪ Example: amo, amare, amavi, amatus perfect stem=amav-
Forming the Pluperfect: Step 2
Add the letters “era” to the perfect stem. Example: amavera-
Forming the Pluperfect: Step 3
Add the personal endings. (Use the same ones you used for the imperfect.)
-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
Example
Amo, amare, amavi, amatus
Singular Plural
1st person amaveram amaveramus
2nd person amaveras amaveratis
3rd person amaverat amaverant
Example
Duco, ducere, duxi, ductus
Singular Plural
1st person duxeram duxeramus
2nd person duxeras duxeratis
3rd person duxerat duxerant
Translation of the Pluperfect Always translate the pluperfect with the
word, “had.” Examples:
amo, amare, amavi, amatus ▪ amaveram= I had loved
moneo, monere, monui, monitus ▪ monuerat= he had warned
capio, capere, cepi, captus ▪ ceperamus= we had captured
Pluperfect of sum and possum
Although sum and possum are irregular verbs, the pluperfect is still formed just as any other regular verb would be.
Sum, esse, fui
Singular Plural
1st person Fueram – I had been
Fueramus- we had been
2nd person Fueras- you had been
Fueratis- you had been
3rd person Fuerat- he had been
Fuerant- they had been
Possum, posse, potui
Singular Plural
1st person Potueram - I had been able
Potueramus - we had been able
2nd person Potueras - you had been able
Potueratis - you had been able
3rd person Potuerat - he had been able
Potuerant - they had been able