chapter 16 the civil war begins - kyrene school district · sq3r chapter 16—the civil war begins,...

Chapter 16

The Civil War Begins

Objective: What events, leaders, and strategies shaped the early years of the American Civil War?

Student Name_______________________ Period__________

Teacher_________________ Test Date___________________________

Goal: Determine the significance of key Civil War events.

4 I am an expert and can teach others about events like Fort Sumter, Bull Run, Fort Henry,

Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Antietam, and others.

3 I can pass a test on the significance of Fort Sumter, Bull Run and Antietam.

2 I think I know a little about the events, but I’m not sure I know why they were important.

1 I am really confused about the whole thing. I don’t understand any of it.

Goal: Determine the importance of key Civil War people and groups.

4 I am an expert and can teach others about the people & groups below…AND MORE!

3 I can pass a test on the important political & military leaders, the role of African-Americans,

and the role of women in the war.

2 I think I know a little about the people and groups, but I’m not sure I know why they were

important.


Goal: Analyze the impact of the Civil War on personal, social, and economic aspect of American

life.

4 I am an expert and can teach others about American life was transformed by the Civil War.

3 I can pass a test on how Americans dealt with the widespread destruction, railroads,

Americans fighting Americans, types of warfare used, disease, high casualties, and change of

status for slaves.

2 I think I know a little about how the topics affected American life, but I’m not sure.


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SQ3R Chapter 16–The Civil War Begins, Section 1-War Erupts p.510-515

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 1) One American’s Story 2) First Shots at Fort Sumter 3) Lincoln’s Decision 4) Lincoln Calls Out the Militia 5) Preparing for Battle 6) Choosing Sides 7) Planning Strategies 8) First Battle of Bull Run 9) Intense Fighting 10) Lessons of Bull Run

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 11. Fort Sumter 12. Confederacy 13. Robert E. Lee 14. Border States 15. Anaconda Plan 16. First Battle of Bull Run

SURVEY continued 17. Thomas J. Jackson 18. Uprising 19. Populous Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 20. p.510 21. p.511 22. p.512 23. p.513 24. p.514 25. p.515

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QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:

What did Lincoln do about the federal forts in Confederate territory?

What was each side’s strategy for winning the war?

What were the effects of the First Battle of Bull Run?

Which side had the greater advantage?

What events, leaders, and strategies shaped the early years of the war?

READ continued 31. Choosing Sides

In 1863 WV secedes from VA & rejoins USA. Border States are MO, KY, WV, MD, and DE. USA=24 states; CSA=11 states. 32. Planning Strategies

South: get help from Europe for cotton; Defense! Drag out war & North will quit. North: Offense! Gen. Scott’s Anaconda Plan 1. Use navy blockade to cut off South’s supplies; 2. Control Mississippi River; 3. Capture Richmond, VA (CSA capitol). 33. First Battle of Bull Run

North demanded immediate attack on Richmond. US troops had to get past CSA troops in Manassas. 34. Intense Fighting

July 16, 1861 US forces led by McDowell meet CSA troops at Manassas. Stonewall Jackson rallies CSA troops and give “Rebel Yell”. CSA forces send North running. Casualties: USA=2700; CSA=2000. 35. Lessons of Bull Run

War would be bloody and take long time. South would fight fiercely. Lincoln sends militia home & asks for 500,000 men for 3 years. Appoints General George McClellan as Union Army of EAST commander.

READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words:

26. One American’s Story

Emma Holmes witnessed the 1st attack of the war at Fort Sumter, SC. Both North & South thought it would be a short war (3 months) but it lasted 4 years. 27. First Shots at Fort Sumter

Many forts in CSA land were taken by CSA when seceded. Others, like Ft. Sumter stayed USA. Lincoln needed to supply those US forts in CSA land. 28. Lincoln’s Decision

Lincoln told CSA he was sending supplies to Ft. Sumter, SC. CSA attacks Ft. Sumter on April 12, 1861. 34-hour barrage until Robert Anderson (US) surrenders. No Union deaths during attack.

29. Lincoln Calls Out the Militia

Lincoln asks for 75,000 militia men for 90 days. NC, VA, TN, and AR join CSA. KY refuses to send troops. 30. Preparing for Battle

When VA joined CSA, they had better chance to win. VA was populous, wealthy, & had Robert E. Lee. Lee quit US Army to lead CSA military forces.

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RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!

36. What did Lincoln do about the federal forts in Confederate territory?

Lincoln sends letter to CSA telling them he intends to send supply ships to forts

He doesn’t want to start a war accidentally

He won’t abandon US forts (like Fort Sumter)

37. What was each side’s strategy for winning the war?

38. What were the effects of the First Battle of Bull Run?

War will be bloody & take a long time

Militia won’t work. Needs real army (500,000 men/3 years).

CSA will stop at nothing to defend their homeland (very determined).

CSA surprisingly won the battle (Stonewall Jackson gains fame)

CSA’s Rebel Yell is effective at unnerving Northern soldiers & spectators.

39. Which side had the greater advantage? (p.514)

North: 22 million population to pull from; 85% of nation’s factories; almost all of Navy ships & shipyards; 70% of all railroad track; Anaconda plan doesn’t rely on outsiders

South: Vast size (sq. miles); better generals (Lee); motivated to defend homes; started out by winning first 2 engagements (Ft. Sumter & 1st Bull Run) so was confidence building

40. What events, leaders, and strategies shaped the early years of the war?

NORTH STRATEGY Anaconda Plan: Use Navy

ships to block CSA supplies; Take control of Miss.

River; Capture Richmond, VA (CSA capital).

SOUTH STRATEGY Get help from Britain &

France in exchange for cotton; Drag out war as

long as possible; Fight a mostly defensive war!

The Civil War Erupts (Begins)

Events Leaders Strategies

Fort Sumter-Lincoln

1st Bull Run (Manassas)

Anaconda Plan-Scott Robert E Lee

Stonewall Jackson Defense & Ask Europe

George McClellan

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REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!

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SQ3R Chapter 16—The Civil War Begins, Section 2–Life in the Army p.516-521

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings:

1) One American’s Story 2) Civilians Become Soldiers 3) Joining Up 4) Turning Civilians into Soldiers 5) A New Kind of War 6) Unhealthy Conditions 7) Civil War Prison Camps 8) Changes in Military Technology

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 9. The Monitor 10. The Merrimack 11. Enlist 12. Contractor 13. Hygiene

SURVEY continued Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 14) p.516 15) p.517 16) p.518 17) p.519 18) p.520

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What were the reasons why men volunteered to fight?

Why did so many die because of disease?

What new types of technology contributed to so many deaths?


READ continued 23. A New Kind of War

Army life didn’t meet expectations. Disease & new tech brought high casualties. 24. Unhealthy Conditions

Training camps filthy! No hygiene. More die from disease than on battlefield. Infested with lice & fleas. No garbage disposal. Doctors don’t wash between surgeries. 25. Civil War Prison Camps

Prison camp POWs endured severe hardships. North: Elmira, NY; South: Andersonville, GA. In Elmira, 24% of POWs died in 1 year. In Andersonville, 13,000 POWs died. Suffer from disease, exposure, & in South starvation. 26. Changes in Military Technology

New weapons change strategies. Rifles & minie balls effective against cavalry charges. Ironclads faster and stronger ships. 1st Ironclad battle in March 1862, USS Monitor v. CSS Merrimack ends in a tie. Trenches & grenades.


19.One American’s Story

1862: Lincoln asked for 300,000 more soldiers. Peter was 1 of many not prepared for horrors of war. 20. Civilians Become Soldiers

Most ages 18-30, but some 11-83 years old. Come from big cities, small towns & rural farms. 21. Joining Up

Enlisting out of loyalty, glory, excitement, to escape job/boring life, & money. US=2 million; CS=under 1 million. US uses German & Irish immigrants; 1863 also AfrAms. 22. Turning Civilians into Soldiers

After enlist, go to training camps (US tents or cabins; CS whatever they can find). Uniforms: US=dark blue; CSA=gray or yellow/brown. Contractors supplied US with poor quality items. CSA sometimes scavenged off of dead on battlefields.

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27. What were the reasons why men volunteered to fight?

Help stop slavery or protect slavery (a cause); money; excitement &

glory; adventure; get away from boring lives; loyalty to state or

country

28. Why did so many die because of disease?

Contaminated water sources; rotting garbage attracts vermin (flies & rodents);

poor hygiene (didn’t wash!); doctors have improper sanitation techniques

29. What new types of technology contributed to so many deaths?

Minie balls & rifles Grenades & trenches Ironclads


Ironclads (mon v. mer) new tech prison camps

Unhealthy hygiene bad medical practices trenches

Rifles & minie balls grenades

Life in the Army

Soldiers Camps New Technology

Reasons for enlisting

Training camps Rifles/minie balls

Grenades/trenches Uniforms

Average 18-30 (11-83)

Where from? Prison camps Ironclads (Mon&Merr)

Who are they? Garbage & lack of hygiene

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REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of

reading!

The Civil War affected American life in many ways. First, several men enlisted in the Union and Confederate militaries. (write out pink sentences here that support “Soldiers” category).

Next, life in the camps were not what everyone expected. (write out pink sentences here that support the “Camps” category).

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SQ3R Chapter 16 –The Civil War Begins, Section 3 – No End in Sight p.522-529

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 1) One American’s Story 2) Union Victories in the West 3) Grant Opens Up the South 4) The Battle of Shiloh 5) The Fall of New Orleans 6) Southern Success in the East 7) Lee’s Victories 8) Lee Invades the North 9) Fighting to a Draw at Antietam

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 10. George McClellan 11. Ulysses S. Grant 12. Battle of Shiloh 13. William Tecumseh Sherman 14. David Farragut 15. Seven Days’ Battle

SURVEY continued 16. Battle of Antietam 17. Plunder Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 18) p. 522 19) p. 523 20) p. 524 21) p. 525 22) p. 526 23) p. 527 24) p. 528 25) p. 529

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SQ3R SQ3R Chapter 16 –The Civil War Begins, Section 3 – No End in Sight p.522-529


Which Union leaders participated in the Anaconda Plan and how did they help try to achieve the North’s goal?

Which Confederate leaders participated in the South’s plan and how did they help try to achieve the South’s goal?

What were the major early battles in the Civil War?


READ continued 30. The Fall of New Orleans

April 25, 1862- Admiral Farragut took control of New Orleans, LA. CSA left with only 150 miles of Miss river. 31. Southern Success in the East

USA General McClellan still trying to take Richmond in his “Peninsula Campaign” 32. Lee’s Victories

Lee & Stuart attack McClellan in Seven Days’ battle (June 25-July 1, 1862). McClellan retreats with 15,848. CSA 20,000 dead . CSA wins battle 33. Lee Invades the North

Lee goes North in 1862 so that CSA soldiers can plunder supplies, give VA farmers a break , can show CSA has a chance to win, convince Europe to side with CSA, force Lincoln into peace talks. 34. Fighting to a Draw at Antietam

Sept 17, 1862 Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, MD – Lee against McClellan. McClellan had Lee’s plans and still couldn’t capture him. Bloodiest day in American history. 23,000 total dead ¼ of Lee’s army . McClellan let Lee go- Nov 1862, Lincoln fires McClellan.


26. One American’s Story

Sarah Morgan witnessed Union’s ironclad attack on Baton Rouge, LA. CSA had several victories in East. USA is winning in West. 27. Union Victories in the West

Lincoln says McClellan has “the slows” because he trains rather than attacks in the EAST. 28. Grant Opens Up the South

USA’s Grant used ironclads to get control of TN (Ft. Henry & Ft. Donelson—Feb. 1862; Nashville & Shiloh). Grant’s strategy <find enemy, get at him quickly & strike hard, keep going> 29. The Battle of Shiloh

April 6, 1862, CSA Johnston v. USA Grant near TN River. CSA Johnston dies, Beauregard takes over. USA Sherman gets 3 horses shot from under him. US wins battle. USA=13,000/65,000 & CSA=11,000/41,000 dead. Lincoln won’t fire Grant because “he fights.”

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36.

West- General Johnston & Beauregard- lost Mississippi and Tennessee – Johnston gets killed at Shiloh – Beauregard

loses the battle

East- General Lee and Jeb Stuart very successfully defend Richmond- Win Seven Days’ battle

37.

Shiloh- Union

Seven Days Battle- CSA


35. Which Union leaders participated in the Anaconda Plan and how did they help try to achieve the North’s goal?

East: General McClellan (capture Richmond, VA- confederate capital) was not successful. Kicked Lee out of Maryland and ends Lee’s attack on the North.

West: Generals Grant and Sherman ( took control of the Mississippi river from North to the South) were successful! Took control of Tennessee and Fort Henry and Donelson

Admiral Farragut – (take control of MS river south to north) Very Successful! Took New Orleans and Baton Rouge

36. Which Confederate leaders participated in the South’s plan and how did they help try to achieve the South’s goal?

East: General Lee and Jeb Stuart are very successful defending Richmond

-Win the Seven Days’ battle against McClellan

West: Generals Johnston and Beauregard lost control of the Mississippi

Johnston gets killed at Shiloh- Beauregard loses battle

37. What were the major early battles in the Civil War?

Antietam- Union 1st

Bull Run- CSA Monitor and Merrimack- tie 2nd

Bull Run- CSA

Fort Sumter- CSA Fort Henry- Union Fort Donelson- Union

New Orleans and Baton Rouge- Union


No End in Sight: Events, Leaders, and Strategies shaped the early years of the Civil War.

Events Strategies Leaders

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REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of

reading!

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chapter 16 the civil war begins - kyrene school district · sq3r chapter 16—the civil war begins,...

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