behind the civil war civil war song. war begins modern war strategy- union strategy- confederacy...
TRANSCRIPT
Behind the Civil War
Civil War
Song
Song
Song
Song
Behind the Civil War
War Begins
Modern War
Strategy-UnionStrate
gy-Confederacy
Advantages-Union
Advantages-Confederacy
Government Powers
Raising Armies
Supplying ArmiesWar P
oliticsOthers in the War
Soldier’s Lives
War Begins
• Election of 1860• Secession of lower states• Confederate States of America– Jefferson Davis first President
• Firing on Ft. Sumter• Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC,
and Tenn.• 11 States Leave Union
Modern War
• Uses both old and new methods of war
• Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations
• Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons
Strategy-Union
• Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan developed by Winfield Scott
• Divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports
Strategy-Confederacy
• Defensive battle
• European recognition
Advantages-Union
• Most of the population
• Large advantages in resources
• Most of the transportation and industry
Advantages-Confederacy
• Defending their homes
• Strong sectional pride
• Better military tradition and leadership
Government Powers
• Both sides had to increase central government powers
• Raise an army• Supply armies• Finance the war• Suppress any opposition
Raising Armies
• Northern Advantage• Volunteers at first• Drafts begin– Riots– Bounties paid– Substitution possible
• Many volunteers
Supplying Armies
• Northern Advantages• Industrial Capacity• Transportation Capabilities• Financial Centers• Foraging the land• Shortages
War Politics
• War to Preserve Union• Civil rights were restricted• Emancipation Debated– Needed higher cuase
• Emancipation Proclamation– Jan 1, 1863
Others in the War
• African Americans– Segregated Forces– 54th Massachusetts
• Women– Nursing– Clara Barton
Soldier’s Lives
• Disillusionment of war• Filthy conditions• Poor food• Bad medical care• Prison camps– Andersonville
Civil War
Shots Fired
ShilohAnti
etamVicksburgCon
federate Victories
Gettysburg
South is Split
Sherman’s March
Grant in Pursuit
War’s End
Shots Fired
• War begins at Fort Sumter, S.C. 1861• Bull Run• July 1861• Southern Victory• Did not pursue the retreating Union
army• Citizens watched the battle
Shiloh
• April 1862
• Costly victory for Grant
• Demonstrated the cost of victory would be great
Antietam
• Sept, 1862
• Bloodiest single day of the war
• Union victory for McClellan
Vicksburg
• Nov. 1862
• Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi
• Try to split the south
Confederate Victories
• Confederates greatly outnumbered but Lee still wins
• Dec. 1862– Fredericksburg
• May 1863– Chancellorsville– Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is killed
Gettysburg
• July 1863• Lee invades North• Little Round Top• Cemetery Ridge• Pickett’s Charge• Turning point of the war as Lee is
defeated• Gettysburg Address given by Lincoln
several months later
South is Split
• July 1863
• Grant captures Vicksburg after long siege
• Grant is called to command Union armies
Sherman’s March
• 1864• “March to the Sea”• Total War– “War is Hell”
• Burning of Atlanta• Destroy the will to fight
Grant in Pursuit
• 1864• Lee in retreat• Grant attacks repreatedly at great loss of
life• Lincoln wants speedy end to war
War’s End
• April 1865
• Grant surrounds Lee outside Richmond
• Surrender at Appomattox