Chapter 16 Guided Notes SOUND & LIGHT

Section 1: Sound Properties of Sound

Type of ______________________________ _______________________________________ In air, ____________ directions ___________ from the source.

1. Speed of sound depends on the medium

Travel _____________________ and ____________ than__________

Some solids (_________________) dampen vibrations, making waves ____________________. (Sound proofing) 2. Loudness

Measured _____________________________________________________ Is measured in __________________________

0 dB 20 dB 50 dB 90 dB 100 dB 120 dB 140 dB 150 dB

3. Pitch High Pitch Low Pitch

Defined as the ________________________________________ ◦ Determined by_______________ ◦ High pitch ____________________________ ◦ Low pitch ____________________________

Human hearing ◦ Humans hear sound waves in a

__________________________________ ◦ Many animals can hear frequencies of sound_______________________________________ ◦ Human hearing ranges from ______________________________

Frequency Range

Doppler Effect

Frequency changes when the source _________________________________________ o Ex. ______________________________________________

Doppler effect-an observed ___________________________________ of a wave when the source or _____________________________________________________

A sound wave frequency change is noticed as ___________________________ The Doppler effect occurs for many types of waves, including _____________________ and _______________

Musical Instruments ______________________ is an effect in which the

vibration of one object causes the vibration of another object at a ________________________________

Instruments use ______________________________________ (guitar)

Ultrasound and Sonar

Like all waves, _______________________________ The reflection of sound waves can be used to _____________________________________________________

◦ ________________made by different boundary surfaces by a computer. _______________ is used to create sonogram (1,000,000,000 Hz and 15,000,000 Hz). Not ___________________________________

_________is a system that uses reflected sound waves to determine the distance to and location of objects Sonar is used for _________________________________ Distance can be determined by the formula ________

Section 2: The Nature of Light Light

◦ Type of __________________________________________ ◦ Light can behave as_______________ and as ___________________.

◦ Wave model- ________________________ ◦ Particle model-light ____________________________ a metal plate or light traveling through

____________ Both models are ____________________________________ The energy of light is _______________________________________

◦ Each photon of light can be thought of as _____________________________________________. ◦ The _________________________________ is proportional to the frequency of the corresponding

____________________________________________.

Type of wave Wavelength Wave Frequency Photon Energy

The ______________________________ depends on the_______________

◦ In a vacuum, light travels at the __________________, ◦ c =3 x 108 m/s.

◦ _______________________________ than the _________________. ◦ Light is the fastest signal in the electromagnetic spectrum. ◦ Light _____________________________________________________ through a _______________

◦ Transparent mediums like ___________________________________ ◦ Light travels _________________________ than sound.

Fill in the diagram Electromagnetic Spectrum- Types of light

EM Spectrum- consists of waves at all possible ____________, frequencies, and ________________ ________________ are used in communication and radar

◦ Lowest ______________________________________ ◦ ____________________________

________________________ used in cooking and communication ◦ __________________________________over a long distance. (Space to Earth)

__________________________ can be felt as_________________ ◦ Sun or a heat lamp warm you. ◦ Weather satellites read (temperature changes) for the tracking of cloud movement

Visible Light Spectrum

◦ Light __________________________ ◦ __________________________ – Acronym for remembering

the colors of visible light ◦ _________________to

________________________________ R- __________ O- _________________ Y- _________________ G-_________________ B-_________________ I-_________________ V-________________

______________________ has higher energy and shorter wavelengths than ________________________. ◦ ___________ contains ultraviolet light (UV rays) (9%) ◦ UV rays can pass through thin layers of clouds, causing sunburn.

_____________________________________ are used in medicine. ◦ Both have _____________________ and ___________________________ than UV rays ◦ ____________________________ have the highest energy and the shortest wavelengths. ◦ Both rays ___________________________________, or turn them into cancer cells. ◦ Gamma rays can be used to __________________________, by _____________________________

Reflection of Light

Every object ______________________________ and ___________________________________. Light can be ______________________________________

◦ In direction light travels A light ray travel in ______________________________________

Reflection ________________________ reflect light rays in __________directions. ________________________ reflect light rays in _______ direction. The angle of ___________________is the light ________________________ off the surface. The angle of_____________________ is the light ________________________________ the surface

Mirrors 1. ______________________________

Form ___________________________ by reflection. A virtual image is an image that forms at a point from which light rays appear to come but

___________________________________________________________. Some of the light rays are_____________________ off the mirror ______________________________.

◦ Perceive an image of ____________________________________________

2. ________________mirrors Can ______________________

◦ The normal line points in ________________________________ for different parts of a ___________mirror.

◦ Two types: Type 1: ________________mirrors ◦ Curve or ___________________ ◦ Produce a ____________________ ◦ Light rays that start out

___________________________________________________ ◦ Make objects ____________________________ than

________________________________ ◦ Ex. Mirrors on the

____________________________________________ Type 2: _________________ mirrors ◦ _________________ shape ◦ Create _________________________ AND virtual images ◦ A real image results when light rays are

____________________________________________ or small area ◦ Ex. Used by _____________________ ◦ Ex. Radio telescopes gather radio waves from extremely distant objects.

Seeing Color Objects have color because they ________________________________________________

◦ The colors that you perceive ____________________________________________________ that reach your eyes

Light through a _________________separates _____________________________________

________________________ from the sun contains light from all the ____________________________ of the electromagnetic spectrum

White light

◦ ___________________________ - ROY G. BIV ◦ an object…

◦ ___________________________________ ◦ ___________________________________

____________is the ________________________; all light is ___________________ ◦ No light gets to your eyes

Section 4: Refraction, Lenses, and Prisms Refraction of light

• Refraction- ______________________________, or refract, when they pass from one _______________________________________________

◦ Objects appear to be in ________________________ ◦ Refraction of light in the _________________________________________. ◦ __________________________ in air of different temperatures. (light refracted over hot asphalt) ◦ Light can be reflected at the boundary between ________________________________________ ◦ Refraction creates_______________________________________

Lenses A lens is a transparent object that ____________________________________, causing light rays to

_______________________________ Rely on ____________________ A ___________________________ bends light ____________(virtual or real image) A __________________________ bends light_______________ (virtual image only)

Converging Lens Diverging Lens

Prisms

A __________is a transparent block with a _____________________________________. ◦ _____________________________ of light are _______________________________________. ◦ Light waves with _________________________________ travel at _____________________________. ◦ In the visible spectrum:

• violet –____________________ more than red-__________ Dispersion

________________________is an effect in which __________________________________ into its component ______________.

_______________________ are caused by ___________________and ______________________________. ◦ We can demonstrate this by splitting _________________________________________: ◦ This is how rainbows are formed: __________________________________________________.