Chapter 15, Section 2Chapter 15, Section 2

Early Years of the Early Years of the WarWar

New TechnologyNew Technology

►New New rifles and cannonsrifles and cannons were more were more accurate and had greater range than accurate and had greater range than previous weapons.previous weapons.

► IroncladsIronclads were a great improvement were a great improvement over older wooden warships. over older wooden warships.

EventEvent

►Forts Henry and DonelsonForts Henry and Donelson►February 1862 February 1862

Military Leader:Military Leader: Union: Union: GrantGrant

Outcome: The Union takes control of Outcome: The Union takes control of two water routes into the western two water routes into the western Confederacy Confederacy

EventEvent

►Use of IroncladsUse of Ironclads

►Outcome: ironclads are used by the Outcome: ironclads are used by the South against the Union blockadeSouth against the Union blockade

►used by the North to hold the used by the North to hold the Mississippi R.Mississippi R.

EventEvent

► Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh► April 1862 April 1862

► Military leaders: Union: Military leaders: Union: GrantGrant► Confederacy: Confederacy:

A.S. JohnstonA.S. Johnston

Outcome: Outcome: Union takes control of major railroad center Union takes control of major railroad center

and part of the Mississippi Riverand part of the Mississippi River

EventEvent

►New OrleansNew Orleans►April 1862April 1862

Military Leader:Military Leader:

- Farragut- Farragut

►Outcome: The North controls almost Outcome: The North controls almost all of the Mississippi River. all of the Mississippi River.

EventEvent

►Outside Richmond, VirginiaOutside Richmond, Virginia►May and June 1862 May and June 1862

►Military Leader: Union – McClellanMilitary Leader: Union – McClellan

►Outcome – Richmond is not takenOutcome – Richmond is not taken

EventEvent► Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam► Sept. 1862 Sept. 1862

Military Leader: Military Leader: ► Union: Union: McClellanMcClellan► Confederacy: Confederacy: LeeLee

► Outcome: Outcome: Lee is forced to stop his invasion of the NorthLee is forced to stop his invasion of the North One day of the battle was the bloodiest day of the warOne day of the battle was the bloodiest day of the war Neither side really won the war, but the North claimed Neither side really won the war, but the North claimed

victory victory Lincoln used the victory to announce the Lincoln used the victory to announce the

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Chapter 15, Section 3Chapter 15, Section 3

Emancipating the Enslaved Emancipating the Enslaved

► Lincoln’s main war goal was to Lincoln’s main war goal was to restore (or restore (or preservepreserve) the Union. He did not free slaves ) the Union. He did not free slaves at the beginning of the war in order to avoid at the beginning of the war in order to avoid causing causing border states to secedeborder states to secede. .

► Lincoln issued the Lincoln issued the Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation on Jan. 1, 1863. on Jan. 1, 1863.

► However, it only freed slaves However, it only freed slaves in states in states fighting the Unionfighting the Union, so very few enslaved , so very few enslaved people were immediately freed. Most Union people were immediately freed. Most Union soldiers supported the proclamation soldiers supported the proclamation because it weakened the Southbecause it weakened the South..

Emancipating the Enslaved Emancipating the Enslaved

►The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation caused the Civil War to become a war caused the Civil War to become a war abolish slaveryabolish slavery. .

► It also kept Britain from It also kept Britain from recognizing recognizing the South’s independence.the South’s independence.

African Americans Help the African Americans Help the Union Union

►More than half of African American More than half of African American volunteers serving in the Union army volunteers serving in the Union army were were former slavesformer slaves..

►Confederates did not treat captured Confederates did not treat captured African Americans as African Americans as prisoners of war; prisoners of war; they faced slavery or deaththey faced slavery or death..

African Americans Help the African Americans Help the UnionUnion

Noncombat positions held by free African Noncombat positions held by free African Americans in the Union Army:Americans in the Union Army:

► cookscooks► wagon driverswagon drivers► hospital aideshospital aides

Ways enslaved African Americans hurt the Ways enslaved African Americans hurt the Confederate war effort:Confederate war effort:

► provided information to the Unionprovided information to the Union► refused to workrefused to work

Chapter 15, Section 4Chapter 15, Section 4

DivisionsDivisions

In the North, some people:In the North, some people:►opposed the Emancipation opposed the Emancipation

ProclamationProclamation►believed the South had the right to believed the South had the right to

secedesecede

►Northern Democrats opposed to the Northern Democrats opposed to the war were called war were called copperheadscopperheads

DivisionsDivisions

Areas of South less supportive of war:Areas of South less supportive of war:►poor backcountry regions with poor backcountry regions with few few

enslaved peopleenslaved people

Opposition to the war was strongest in Opposition to the war was strongest in

-- Georgia and North Carolina. Georgia and North Carolina.►Divisions were created by strong Divisions were created by strong

support for states’ rightssupport for states’ rights..

DisruptionsDisruptions

►Way people disrupted the war effort:Way people disrupted the war effort:►Encouraged soldiers to desertEncouraged soldiers to desert►Helped prisoners of war to escapeHelped prisoners of war to escape►Tried to prevent men from Tried to prevent men from

volunteeringvolunteering►Held peace protestsHeld peace protests

DisruptionsDisruptions

►Both sides dealt with disruptions in Both sides dealt with disruptions in some areas by suspending some areas by suspending habeas habeas corpus. corpus. – – constitutional protection constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment.against unlawful imprisonment.

Draft LawsDraft Laws

►DesertionDesertion was a problem for both was a problem for both sides. Many soldiers left their units sides. Many soldiers left their units to to plant or harvest cropsplant or harvest crops..

►Each side established a Each side established a draftdraft, a system , a system of of required military servicerequired military service. .

►Anger at exceptions to this Anger at exceptions to this requirement caused requirement caused riots in many riots in many placesplaces

Women in the Civil WarWomen in the Civil War

► Women’s contributions to the war effort on Women’s contributions to the war effort on both sides:both sides:

► Disguised themselves as men to join the Disguised themselves as men to join the armyarmy

► Became spiesBecame spies► Took over businesses and farmsTook over businesses and farms► Worked in factoriesWorked in factories► Barriers for women fell, especially in the field Barriers for women fell, especially in the field

of of nursingnursing. . ► Clara Barton – cared for the wounded on the Clara Barton – cared for the wounded on the

battlefield. Founded the battlefield. Founded the American Red CrossAmerican Red Cross..

Economic StrainsEconomic Strains

►Congress levied the first Congress levied the first income taxincome tax to to pay for the war.pay for the war.

►The Union printed large amounts of The Union printed large amounts of paper moneypaper money, causing the cost of , causing the cost of goods to goods to increaseincrease..

►Union blockades of the South caused Union blockades of the South caused shortagesshortages that made goods that made goods expensiveexpensive

Inflation during the Civil War

NORTH   SOUTH  

Wholesale prices in 1861

1.00 Wholesale prices Jan- April 1861

1.00

1862 1.17 Dec 1861 1.72

1863 1.48 Dec 1862 6.86

1864 1.89 Dec 1863 2.464

1865 2.16 Dec 1864 4.285

April 1865 9.211

- taken from Gallman 1994, p. 97.

IA