CHAPTER 14

The Age of Reform

Abolitionist

A person who strongly favors doing away with slavery (p. 418)

2. Civil Disobedience

Refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust as a nonviolent way to press for changes (p. 566)

3. Second Great Awakening

A revival of religious feeling and belief in the 1820s and 18302 that emphasized the role that individuals played in their own societies.

3b. How did it contribute to reform movements? Religious groups had an increased sense

of confidence in themselves and their country. Women took active roles in church and missionary societies.

4. Temperance movement

A public campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol

5. Underground Railroad

A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North (p. 422)

6. How was the women’s rights movement an offshoot of the antislavery movement? Neither group had rights to vote, so the

women supported the anti-slavery movement and were vocal opponents.

As they fought to end slavery, they recognized their own bondage.

7. What did women at the Seneca Falls Convention demand? Women to be allowed to enter the all-

male world of trades, professions, and businesses.

They called for an end to all laws that discriminated against women.

8. What conditions did Dorothea Dix find in the Massachusetts prisons? Prisoners were chained to walls Little if any clothing Many were mentally ill, not guilty of any

crime

9. Why did reformers seek to expand public education in the 1820s?

Only New England had free elementary education.

Many poor people could not afford to send their children to school, and were too prideful to ask for help

10. Why did temperance groups want to end the drinking of alcohol? The groups blamed alcohol for poverty,

breakup of families, and even insanity.

Chapter 14.1

Social Reforms

14. Utopian

Communities based on a vision of a perfect society

15. Name of most famous community

New Harmony, Indiana

16. Founder

Robert Owen

17. Most successful community

Mormons

Temperance – War Against Alcohol

18. Leader – Lyman

Beecher

Education – Education for Some 19. First state to support schools with

tax money: Massachusetts

20. Mann’s recommendations: Longer school year (6 months) Better school curriculum Doubled teacher’s salaries Better training for teachers

Higher Education

21. Religious groups founded most colleges between 1820 and 1850

22. Amherst and Holy Cross (Mass.), Trinity and Weslayan (Conn.)

23. Oberlin College is special because it admitted women and African Americans

24. Mt. Holyoke - 1st permanent women’s college

25. Ashmun Institute – 1st college for African Americans

People with Special Needs 26. Thomas Gallaudet – developed a

method to educate people who were hearing impaired, opened the Hartford School for the Deaf in Connecticut in 1817.

27. Samuel Gridley Howe: Headed the Perkins Institute, school for the blind, in Boston. Developed books with large raised letters that people with vision impairment could “read” with their fingers (Braille)

Cultural Trends28. Transcendentalists: Stressed the relationship

between humans & nature, along with the

importance of the individual conscience.

Ch. 14.2

Abolition

Early Efforts to End Slavery 29. American Colonization Society

A. Founder: group of white Virginians

B. Plan: To free enslaved workers gradually by buying them from slaveholders and sending them abroad to start new lives.

Clashes over Abolition, Opposition in the North, The South Reacts 30. South – slaveholders and many

Southerners who did NOT own slaves, opposed abolition because they believed it threatened the South’s way of life, which depended on enslaved labor.

31. North – saw the antislavery movement as a threat to the nation’s social order. Afraid abolitionists could bring a destructive war between North & South. Claimed if slaves were freed, they could never blend into American society.

Clashes over Abolition, Opposition in the North, The South Reacts (cont)

31a. The North Star was written by: Frederick Douglass in an anti-slavery movement.

31.b The New England Anti-Slavery Society was started by William Lloyd Garrison.

Chapter 14.3

Women’s Rights

The Movement Grows 32. suffrage – vote

33. Leaders and what they wanted

A. Lucretia Mott – Quaker wanted temperance, peace, workers’ rights, and abolition. Organized the Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Society

The Movement Grows (cont)

B. Elizabeth Cady Stanton –wanted women to have the right to vote

C. Susan B. Anthony – a Quaker from rural New York worked for women’s rights and temperance.

Marriage and Family Laws 34. Changes by the 1800s (3) New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana,

Wisconsin, Mississippi, & the new state of California recognized the right of women to own property after their marriage

Some states has laws letting women share guardianship of their children jointly with their husbands.

Marriage & Family Laws (cont.)

Indiana – 1st state to let women divorce if their husbands were alcohol abusers

Breaking Barriers

35. First woman doctor: Elizabeth Blackwell

She was turned down by over 20 schools.

Graduated at the head of her class at Geneva College in New York

Outline

I. Section 1 Social ReformA. The Reforming Spirit

1. The Religious Influence2. War Against Alcohol

B. Reforming Education1. Education for Some2. Higher Education3. People with Special Needs

Section 2 – The Abolitionists

I. Early Efforts to End SlaveryA. American Colonization Society

II. The Movement ChangesA. William Lloyd GarrisonB. The Grimke SistersC. African American AbolitionistsD. Frederick DouglassE. Sojourner Truth

III. The Underground RailroadA. Clashes Over AbolitionismB. Opposition in the NorthC. The South Reacts

Section 3 – The Women’s Movement I. Women and Reform

A. The Seneca Falls ConventionB. The Movement Grows

II. Progress By American WomenA. EducationB. Marriage and Family LawsC. Breaking Barriers