chapter 14 personality basic
TRANSCRIPT
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Personality
Chapter 14
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What is personality?
The unique pattern of enduring thoughts,
feelings, and actions that characterize a
person
Four Main Approaches
Psychodynamic
Trait
Social-Cognitive
Humanistic
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I. Psychodynamic approach
- unconscious intrapsychic
conflicts
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Sigmund Freud
Trained as a medicaldoctor in the late1800s
Personality is like aniceberg. Partly controlled by the
unconscious
Created thepsychodynamicapproach topersonality
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Structure and development
Id
Ego
Superego
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Conflicts and defenses
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Stages in personality development
psychosexual stages
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage Boys: Oedipus complex
Girls: Electra complex
Latency Period Genital Stage
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Focus on object relations
First relationships vitally important in
personality development
Shapes thoughts and feelings about later
social relationships
Theory seen in research on attachment
Contemporary
Psychodynamic Theories
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Assumptions of Trait Approach
Personality stable across time
Personality stable across situations
Different people different amount of traits
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Traits Versus Types
Traits: Quantitative differences among
people
Types: Qualitative differences between
people
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Personality theories
Allports trait theory central & secondary
traits dict terms
Cattells Sixteen Personality Factors
Costa & McCraes Big-Five Model of
Personality
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The BIG FIVE
Openness to experience artistic, curious,insightful, imaginative, original
Conscientiousness efficient, oprganized,planful, reliable, trustworthy
Extraversion active, assertive, energetic,talkative, expressive
Agreeableness appreciative, forgiving,generous, kind, trusting, warm
compassionate Neuroticism anxious, self-pitying, tense,
emotionally unstable, impulsive, touchy,vulnerable
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Biological trait theories
Eysenck introversion extraversion;
emotionality stability
Grays approach-inhibition theory
Behavioral approach systemgo system
Behavioral inhibition systemstop system
S i l iti h
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Social-cognitive approach
learning, cognitive factors, learning
situations Functional analysis behavior to getreward and avoid punishment
Bandura and reciprocal determinism
Reciprocal determinism how person
interacts with environment
Self-efficacy do you think you will be
successful based on past experience?
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Reciprocal determinism
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Humanistic approach innate
growth tendency
Things that set human beings apart fromanimals: self-awareness, creativity, planning,decision making, responsibility
We are naturally inclined towards goodness,joy, love.
Rogers self theory everyone has anactualizing tendency we give positive regard
to help self-actualizing tendency Maslows growth theory deficiency
orientation vs. growth orientation
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Where are you?
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Personality tests
objective personality tests
MMPI-2
16PF
projective personality tests
Thematic apperception test
Rorschach ink-blot test