chapter 13 your body systems lesson 3 your circulatory and respiratory systems
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 13
Your Body Systems
Lesson 3Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Building Vocabulary
circulatory system
The group of organs and tissues that carry needed materials to cells and remove their waste products
cardiovascular system
Organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products
heartThe muscle that acts as the pump for the circulatory system
arteriesBlood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Lesson Home
Building Vocabulary
veinsBlood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart
capillariesTiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all body cells and connect arteries and veins
cell respirationProcess in which the body’s cells are nourished and energized
pulmonary circulation
When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Lesson Home
Building Vocabulary
systemic circulation
When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except the lungs
plasma The yellowish, watery part of blood
respiratory system
The organs that supply your blood with oxygen
lungsTwo large organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Lesson Home
Building Vocabulary
respiration The exchange of gases between your body and the air
larynxThe upper part of the respiratory system, which contains the vocal cords
tracheaA passageway in your throat that takes air into and out of your lungs
epiglottisA flap of tissue in the back of your mouth that keeps food out of your trachea
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Lesson Home
Building Vocabulary
bronchiTwo passageways that branch from the trachea, one to each lung
diaphragmA large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that expands and compresses the lungs, enabling breathing
air quality index (AQI)
A measure of ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and fine particles close to the ground
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Lesson Home
Your Circulatory System
cardiovascular system Organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your circulatory system keeps your body working. The circulatory system includes the heart, different types of blood vessels, and the blood. It is also called the cardiovascular system.
circulatory system The group of organs and tissues that carry needed materials to cells and remove their waste products
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New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Your Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
The circulatory system moves blood to and from tissues in the body. The blood delivers oxygen, food, and other materials to cells. It also carries waste products away from cells.
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Parts of The Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your heart is always at work. It pushes blood through tubes called blood vessels.
heart The muscle that acts as the pump for the circulatory system
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New Vocabulary
Parts of The Circulatory System
capillaries Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all body cells and connect arteries and veins
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
The three different types of blood vessels are: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
veins Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart
arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body
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New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Parts of The Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
The process in which the body's cells are nourished is called cell respiration.
cell respiration Process in which the body’s cells are nourished and energized
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New Vocabulary
Parts of The Circulatory System
systemic respiration When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except the lungs
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Pulmonary circulation takes place when blood travels from the heart, through the lung, and back to the heart. When blood travels this path, it gets rid of carbon dioxide. It also fills up with oxygen. Then systemic circulation begins. At the same time, blood also delivers other nutrients to the cells and picks up waste products
pulmonary circulation When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart
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New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Parts of The Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
The top chambers of the heart are called atria. Blood enters the heart through the two atria. The lower chambers are called ventricles.
Blood leaves the heart through the two ventricles. Blood pressure is highest when the heart contracts, or pushes out blood. It is lowest between heartbeats, when the heart relaxes.
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Parts of The Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
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Your Blood
plasma The yellowish, watery part of blood
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Blood supplies your body with nutrients. It also helps fight off illness. Blood is made up of several parts—both liquids and solids. The liquid part of blood is called plasma. Its job is to transport blood cells and dissolve food. The solid parts of blood include red and white blood cells and platelets.
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New Vocabulary
Your Blood
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
are small, disk-shaped structures that help your blood clot.
Red blood cells carry oxygen to all other cells in the body. They also carry away some waste products.
White blood cells help the various body systems destroy disease-causing germs.
Platelets
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Your Blood
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Red blood cells are one of four specific types: A, B, AB, or O.
Your blood type is inherited from your parents and remains the same throughout your life.
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Your Blood
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Some blood types are compatible. This means they can be safely mixed if a person needs blood. Mixing blood types that are not compatible can be harmful or even fatal.
People with any blood type can receive type O. As a result, people with type O blood are called "universal donors." People with type AB blood can receive any blood type but can only give to others with type AB. They are known as "universal recipients."
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Your Blood
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Blood may also carry an Rh factor, or a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. Blood is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative.
People with Rh-positive blood can receive blood from donors who are either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. People with Rh-negative blood can only receive blood from donors who are also Rh-negative.
Both the blood type and the Rh factor must be compatible in order for blood to be received safely.
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Problems Affecting the Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Hypertension, which is also called high blood pressure. It can lead to kidney failure, heart attack, or stroke.
Heart attack, or the blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Stroke, which usually results from blood clots in the brain, or from a torn blood vessel.
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Problems Affecting the Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Arteriosclerosis, or a condition in which arteries harden and reduce blood flow.
Anemia, which is an abnormally low level of hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in the red blood cells.
Leukemia, or a type of cancer in which abnormal white blood interfere with production of other blood cells.
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Your Respiratory System
respiratory system The organs that supply your blood with oxygen
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. Air moves in and out of your lungs through the respiratory system. Breathing in, or inhaling, brings oxygen into your lungs.
lungs Two large organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
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New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Your Respiratory System
respiration The exchange of gases between your body and the air
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your blood circulates through your lungs, exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen. This process is called respiration. Exhaling, or breathing out, is the action of your lungs getting rid of carbon dioxide and other waste materials from your body.
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New Vocabulary
Parts of the Respiratory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
When you breathe in, air enters through the nose and mouth. In the nose, air is warmed and moistened. Hairs and sticky mucus in the nose help track dust and dirt from the air. Air passes through the nose and mouth into the throat.
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Parts of the Respiratory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
The pharynx is a tube-like passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose.
The epiglottis is a flap of tissue at the lower end of the pharynx. It keeps food and liquids from entering the respiratory system.
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Parts of the Respiratory System
larynx The upper part of the respiratory system, which contains the vocal cords
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Air passes from the pharynx into a triangle-shaped area called the larynx. Two thick folds of tissue in the larynx—the vocal cords—vibrate and make sounds as air passes over them. The tissues of the larynx allow a person to speak.
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New Vocabulary
Parts of the Respiratory System
epiglottis A flap of tissue in the back of your mouth that keeps food out of your trachea
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Air then enters the trachea. The epiglottis covers the trachea when you eat and uncovers it when you breathe. The trachea branches into two narrower tubes called bronchi. Inside the lungs, the bronchi continue to branch off into even smaller tubes.
trachea A passageway in your throat that takes air into and out of your lungs
bronchi Two passageways that branch from the trachea, one to each lung
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New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
How You Breathe
diaphragm A large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that expands and compresses the lungs, enabling breathing
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands. As it gets larger, it pushes on the lungs, forcing out the air.
Breathing involves both voluntary and involuntary muscle movements. You do not have to think about breathing. However, you can hold your breath or control the rate of your breathing.
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New Vocabulary
Problems Affecting the Respiratory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Tobacco smoke, chemicals, germs, and air pollution are harmful to your health because they can damage the many parts of your respiratory system. Some respiratory illnesses can make breathing difficult. Others can become life-threatening.
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Problems Affecting the Respiratory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
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Caring for Your Circulatory System
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsBIG IDEA Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
• Set a goal of getting 60 minutes of physical activity each day. • Try to limit the amount of fat you eat.
• Avoid tobacco.
• Learn to manage the stress in your life.
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