Your Body’s Your Body’s Organ Organ

SystemsSystems

Introduction to the body systemsIntroduction to the body systems

IntegumentaryIntegumentary SkeletalSkeletal MuscularMuscular CirculatoryCirculatory LymphaticLymphatic RespiratoryRespiratory

DigestiveDigestiveExcretoryExcretoryNervousNervousEndocrineEndocrineImmuneImmuneReproductiveReproductive

12 Different Organ Systems12 Different Organ Systems

Together these 12 organ systems carry out Together these 12 organ systems carry out the functions of the body.the functions of the body.

Together they maintain homeostasis within Together they maintain homeostasis within your body…your body…

What is What is homeostasishomeostasis????

Cellular Organization in Living Cellular Organization in Living ThingsThings

Cells – Smallest functional and structural unit of all living Cells – Smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.organisms.

Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform a Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform a specific job.specific job.

Organ – A structure that is made up of two or more Organ – A structure that is made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function.tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Organ System – A group of organs working together to Organ System – A group of organs working together to perform a particular function.perform a particular function.

Cellular Organization in Living Cellular Organization in Living ThingsThings

Example: CirculationExample: Circulation

Cells Cells Tissue Tissue Organ Organ Organ Organ SystemSystem

SkeletalSkeletal

When you hear the word skeleton, you When you hear the word skeleton, you may think of the remains of something may think of the remains of something that has died. But your skeleton is not that has died. But your skeleton is not

dead. It is very much alive!dead. It is very much alive!

What makes up your skeletal What makes up your skeletal system?system?

BonesBones

CartilageCartilage

Connective TissueConnective Tissue

BonesBones of the Skeletal System of the Skeletal System

Main FunctionsMain Functions1. Support and protects your body parts1. Support and protects your body parts2. Maintain homeostasis by storing minerals2. Maintain homeostasis by storing minerals3. Making blood cells3. Making blood cells4. Movement4. Movement

Interactions with other systems:Interactions with other systems:1. Works with your muscular system so you can move1. Works with your muscular system so you can move

Bone StructureBone Structure

Made of connective tissue and mineralsMade of connective tissue and minerals

Made up of jointsMade up of joints

Joints are held together by Joints are held together by

ligamentsligaments – strong elastic bands of – strong elastic bands of connective tissueconnective tissue

MuscularMuscularHave you ever tried to sit still, without Have you ever tried to sit still, without moving any muscles at all, for one minute? moving any muscles at all, for one minute? It’s impossible! Somewhere in your body, It’s impossible! Somewhere in your body, muscles are always working.muscles are always working.

Primary FunctionPrimary Function: Allow you : Allow you

to move!to move!

Types of MusclesTypes of Muscles

Three different kinds in your body:Three different kinds in your body:1.1. Skeletal – Enables bones to Skeletal – Enables bones to movemove and and

protectsprotects inner organs inner organs

2.2. Smooth – Found in the walls of your Smooth – Found in the walls of your blood blood vesselsvessels and and digestive tractdigestive tract

3.3. Cardiac – Found Cardiac – Found onlyonly in your in your heartheart and and pumps blood around the bodypumps blood around the body

Muscle MovementMuscle Movement

Voluntary – Muscle movement under your Voluntary – Muscle movement under your controlcontrol

Involuntary – Muscle movement not under Involuntary – Muscle movement not under your controlyour control

Muscles cause bones to move when the Muscles cause bones to move when the muscles muscles pullpull on the bones!! on the bones!!

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System Your heart, blood, and Your heart, blood, and

blood vessels make up your blood vessels make up your Circulatory system. Circulatory system.

(Note: It is also called the cardiovascular (Note: It is also called the cardiovascular system)system)

Primary FunctionsPrimary Functions1.1. Maintain homeostasisMaintain homeostasis2.2. Carries nutrients to and Carries nutrients to and

removes wastes from your removes wastes from your cellscells

3.3. Carries chemical signals Carries chemical signals called hormones throughout called hormones throughout your bodyyour body

Main parts of the circulatory Main parts of the circulatory systemsystem

Heart – Pumps blood using cardiac muscle through your blood Heart – Pumps blood using cardiac muscle through your blood vesselsvessels

Arteries – Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Arteries – Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Oxygenated bloodOxygenated blood

Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels that allow for gas exchange Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels that allow for gas exchange between body cells and bloodbetween body cells and blood

Veins – Blood vessels that carry blood back towards the heart. Un-Veins – Blood vessels that carry blood back towards the heart. Un-oxygenated bloodoxygenated blood

Blood – A Blood – A connective tissueconnective tissue made up of plasma, red blood cells, made up of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cellsplatelets, and white blood cells

Pathway of CirculationPathway of Circulation

Blood in your body always follows the same Blood in your body always follows the same pathway. From your…pathway. From your…

Heart Heart Lungs Lungs Heart Heart Body Body

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Breathing – you do it all the time. You’re Breathing – you do it all the time. You’re doing it right now. You hardly ever think doing it right now. You hardly ever think about it, though, unless you suddenly can’t about it, though, unless you suddenly can’t breathebreathe

You have to breathe in order to live! Your You have to breathe in order to live! Your body needs oxygen in order to get energy body needs oxygen in order to get energy from the foods you eat. from the foods you eat.

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Primary Function:Primary Function:

To absorb oxygen and To absorb oxygen and release carbon release carbon

dioxide from your dioxide from your lungslungs

RespirationRespiration

Respiration – The process by which a Respiration – The process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and watercarbon dioxide and water

Respiration is divided into two parts:Respiration is divided into two parts: Breathing – Inhaling and exhalingBreathing – Inhaling and exhaling Cellular respiration – chemical reactions that Cellular respiration – chemical reactions that

release energy from foodrelease energy from food

Alveoli

Main parts of the Respiratory Main parts of the Respiratory SystemSystem

NoseNose TracheaTrachea LungsLungs BronchiBronchi Alveoli Alveoli DiaphragmDiaphragm

Bronchus

Diaphragm

Lung

Trachea

Digestive SystemDigestive System

A group of organs that work together to A group of organs that work together to break down food (digestion) you eat into break down food (digestion) you eat into nutrients that can be absorbed into your nutrients that can be absorbed into your body.body.

Main FunctionsMain Functions

Breaks down foodBreaks down food Returns nutrients to the blood stream Returns nutrients to the blood stream

(circulatory system)(circulatory system) Breaks down toxinsBreaks down toxins Removes wasteRemoves waste

Main Parts of the Digestive SystemMain Parts of the Digestive System

MouthMouth StomachStomach LiverLiver PancreasPancreas Small intestineSmall intestine Large intestineLarge intestine RectumRectum

Excretory SystemExcretory System

Primary Function:Primary Function: Cleans the blood by removing waste products Cleans the blood by removing waste products

(urea and water)(urea and water)Urinary system removed wastes by producing Urinary system removed wastes by producing

urineurine Filters harmful substances from the bloodFilters harmful substances from the blood Regulates the body’s fluidsRegulates the body’s fluids

Excretory System Main PartsExcretory System Main Parts

KidneysKidneys Urinary bladderUrinary bladder

HomeostasisHomeostasis

HomeostasisHomeostasis is… the maintenance of a is… the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing constant internal state in a changing environment.environment.

Remember: Your body gets used to cold Remember: Your body gets used to cold water because is returns to homeostasis…water because is returns to homeostasis…

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System What makes up your integumentary system?What makes up your integumentary system?

SkinSkinHair Hair NailsNails

Primary Function – Protection! Primary Function – Protection! This is part of your body's This is part of your body's First LineFirst Line of defense against of defense against

disease!!disease!!

Secondary Function - Helps you maintain homeostasisSecondary Function - Helps you maintain homeostasis

Is skin dead or alive?Is skin dead or alive?

If you said both, then you are correct!! If you said both, then you are correct!! Skin is made up of both alive and dead Skin is made up of both alive and dead

cells!!cells!!

Keep water inside your body and keeps foreign Keep water inside your body and keeps foreign objects out of your bodyobjects out of your body

Keeps you in touch with the outside world, and Keeps you in touch with the outside world, and nerve endings help you feel things around younerve endings help you feel things around you

Helps regulate your bodies temperature Helps regulate your bodies temperature (structures called sweat glands help release (structures called sweat glands help release heat)heat)

Helps protect the body’s organsHelps protect the body’s organs Get rid of wastesGet rid of wastes

Skin helps you…Skin helps you…

What are the different layers of What are the different layers of your skin?your skin?

There are two main layers:There are two main layers:

1. 1. EpidermisEpidermis – Outermost layer (thinner). Made up of – Outermost layer (thinner). Made up of epithelial tissueepithelial tissue which protects and covers the underlying which protects and covers the underlying tissue.tissue.

2. 2. DermisDermis – Beneath the epidermis (thicker layer). Made – Beneath the epidermis (thicker layer). Made up of up of connective tissueconnective tissue. .

Think: When you are looking at the surface of your skin, Think: When you are looking at the surface of your skin, you are looking at ____________ tissue.you are looking at ____________ tissue.

Hair and NailsHair and Nails

Similar to skin… hair and nails are made of Similar to skin… hair and nails are made of both living and dead cells…both living and dead cells…

Hair is made up of layers of dead, tightly Hair is made up of layers of dead, tightly packed keratin-filled cells.packed keratin-filled cells.

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Primary Functions:Primary Functions: Regulates body processes, such as fluid Regulates body processes, such as fluid

balance, growth, and development through the balance, growth, and development through the use of glands and hormones (chemical use of glands and hormones (chemical messengers).messengers).

Feedback mechanisms tell the endocrine Feedback mechanisms tell the endocrine glands when to turn hormones on and offglands when to turn hormones on and off

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

The Pituitary gland is also referred to as the "master gland".

It administers the functions of the endocrine system.

The endocrine system uses negative feedback which is similar to how a thermostat works. animation

Nervous SystemNervous System

Which of the following activities do NOT Which of the following activities do NOT involve your nervous system: playing a involve your nervous system: playing a musical instrument, reading a book, musical instrument, reading a book, running, or sleeping?running, or sleeping?

Trick question!! All of these activities involve Trick question!! All of these activities involve your nervous system. Your nervous your nervous system. Your nervous system controls almost EVERYTHING you system controls almost EVERYTHING you do!do!

Nervous SystemNervous System

Primary Function:Primary Function: Send and receive electrical signals or Send and receive electrical signals or

messages from the bodymessages from the body

Structure of a nerve cell.

Your nervous system is divided into Your nervous system is divided into two systems within one…two systems within one…

Central Nervous System (CNS) – Made up of Central Nervous System (CNS) – Made up of your brain and spinal cord; it processes and your brain and spinal cord; it processes and responds to all messages coming from the responds to all messages coming from the PNS; Acts as the control center for your bodyPNS; Acts as the control center for your body

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – Made up Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – Made up nerves; it connects the all parts of the body to nerves; it connects the all parts of the body to the CNS; Acts as the the CNS; Acts as the messenger carrying messenger carrying information to and information to and from the CNS from the CNS

Main Parts of the CNSMain Parts of the CNS

Brain – Made up of the Brain – Made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and cerebrum, cerebellum, and medullamedulla

Protected by your skull!Protected by your skull!

Spinal Cord – The nerve fibers Spinal Cord – The nerve fibers inside your spinal cord allow inside your spinal cord allow your brain to communicate with your brain to communicate with your PNSyour PNS

Protected by vertebrae!Protected by vertebrae!

Two types of neurons (nerves)Two types of neurons (nerves)

Sensory neurons – They allow you to Sensory neurons – They allow you to experience a sense of touch by direct experience a sense of touch by direct contact with you skin on objects and contact with you skin on objects and sends the information to the CNSsends the information to the CNS

Motor neurons – Send impulses from the Motor neurons – Send impulses from the brain and spinal cord to tissues and brain and spinal cord to tissues and glands glands

LymphaticLymphatic

A group of organs and tissues that collect the A group of organs and tissues that collect the excess fluid and return it to your circulatory excess fluid and return it to your circulatory system by the lymphatic system.system by the lymphatic system.

Main Functions:Main Functions: Collect and return fluids to your blood streamCollect and return fluids to your blood stream Helps your body fight pathogens (disease producing Helps your body fight pathogens (disease producing

organisms)organisms)

Main parts of the Lymphatic Main parts of the Lymphatic SystemSystem

Blood vesselsBlood vessels

Lymph Nodes (tissues that Lymph Nodes (tissues that filter bacteria and disease-filter bacteria and disease-causing organisms in causing organisms in lymph)lymph)

Lymph (leaked fluids from Lymph (leaked fluids from the circulatory system)the circulatory system)

Lymphatic System Review Lymphatic System Review QuestionsQuestions

1.1. How is the lymphatic System related to the How is the lymphatic System related to the Circulatory System? Answer: It carries excess Circulatory System? Answer: It carries excess fluid back to the circulatory system (blood fluid back to the circulatory system (blood vessels)vessels)

2.2. What are the two main functions of the What are the two main functions of the lymphatic system? Answer: Collect and carry lymphatic system? Answer: Collect and carry fluids back to the blood stream and help fight fluids back to the blood stream and help fight diseases (pathogens)diseases (pathogens)

3.3. A doctor analyzes a person’s lymph nodes A doctor analyzes a person’s lymph nodes when the person is sick. What is one role of when the person is sick. What is one role of the lymph nodes? Answer: Filter disease the lymph nodes? Answer: Filter disease causing microorganisms from the lymphcausing microorganisms from the lymph

Immune SystemImmune System Primary Function:Primary Function:

Helps protect the Helps protect the body from diseasebody from disease

Cells, called Cells, called antibodies, respond antibodies, respond to disease-causing to disease-causing agents (pathogens)agents (pathogens)

Two typesTwo types ActiveActive PassivePassive