chapter 13 section 1. charlemagne papal states baron
TRANSCRIPT
5th Century Germanic tribes overrun the Romans
Disruption of trade Merchants face invasions, business collapses
Downfall of cities Cities abandoned as centers of administration
At the fall of the Roman Empire:
What advantages were there to living in cities as opposed to the country?
Population shifts Nobles retreat to
rural areas City dwellers flee
to countryside Grew their own
food Western Europe
becomes rural
• Germanic invaders could not read or write
• Learning declined as families moved to the country
• Priests and church officials were literate
• Few could read Greek works
• Germans no written language
• Germanic speaking mixed with Romans
• Latin changed• Different dialects
developed with new words and phrases
• 800’s, French, Spanish, and other roman based languages evolved from Latin
400-600 small Germanic kingdoms emerge
Concept of Government Changes Family ties personal
loyalty replace citizenship in a public state
Lived in small communities
Unwritten rules
Monasteries is a religious community
Men called monks devote lives to God
Women called nuns went to convents
520 Benedict Italian monk wrote strict rules
Scholastica (Benedicts sister) headed a convent under the same rules
Monasteries best educated communities
600-700’s Monks made beautiful copies of religious writings
Preserved Rome’s heritage
Used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, help the poor
Negotiate peace treaty with the Lombard's
Italy to England, Spain to Germany his responsibility
Churchly kingdom ruled by a pope (Middle Ages)
Europe entered a period of political, social, and economic decline. Europeans fearful of invading Germanic tribes
Moved out of the city to the country Church/Pope gained significant power
with rise of Christianity
Pope Leo III Walked up to Charlemagne – placed crown on
his head Charlemagne – 1st emperor in 300 years
Building an Empire By 800 – Franks had ruled most of Europe Caroliginians – Charlemagne’s family
most influential Frank family
700 major domo or mayor of the palace most powerful person
Charge of royal household and estates
719 Charles Martel 732 defeats
Muslims in the Battle of Tours
Charles Martel -Charlemagne’s grandfather Political adviser/war leader to
Frankish king Fought mostly against Muslim
invaders Pippin III – Charles Martel’s
son King – first of Carolingian family
to be king When he died, passed throne to
son - Charlemagne
Charlemagne= “Charles the Great”
Regarded as one of the most impt leaders in European history.
Incredible military leader He built alliances
with people that he conquered Built up land, army,
and people
-Papal States – region controlled by the pope
774 – Lombards attacked Papal States Pope Leo III called on
Charlemagne Charlemagne’s army
defeated Lombards Charlemagne became
king of Lombards and Franks
799 – Angry supporters of previous pope ran Leo
out of Rome Charlemagne escorted Leo back to Rome
Restored his power
Leo names Charlemagne Emperor of the Roman People Two reasons this is significant:
Restored Roman Empire Charlemagne backed by God
Empire so big = difficult to rule Aachen –
established as first Frankish capital/central gov’t built huge palace to
reflect his greatness
Charlemagne stayed in Aachen
Named counts to rule parts of the empire Counts bound by
oath Given huge tracts
of land in return Sent secret
inspectors to check on counts
If Counts good = rewarded
If counts bad = punished
All had to answer to Charlemagne
Education really impt to Charlemagne Wanted leaders to read and write Ordered Churches/Monks to start schools Invited notable scholars to teach and copy
texts Sent copies of books all over Europe
Then they were copied more
Wanted to spread Christianity Ordered conquered people to convert
or die Sent monks to teach conquered
people