Chapter 13Chapter 13Industrialization and Industrialization and

NationalismNationalism

Section 1Section 1

SECTION 1Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Before the Industrial Before the Industrial Revolution, there was an Revolution, there was an

Agricultural Revolution . . . Agricultural Revolution . . .

What is a revolution?

SECTION 1Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Enclosure MovementEnclosure Movement

SECTION 1Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Jethro Tull

Seed Drill 1701 …resulted in farming becoming less labor intensive and allowed farmers to grow crops on a much larger scale.

SECTION 1Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Charles “Turnip” Townshend

crop rotation

I. The Industrial Revolution in GBI. The Industrial Revolution in GBA.A.The industrial Revolution The industrial Revolution

began in Great Britain in the began in Great Britain in the 1780s for several reasons.1780s for several reasons.

1.1. Improved farming Improved farming methods increased the methods increased the food supply, which drove food supply, which drove

down food prices down food prices allowing allowing families to spend money families to spend money

on on manufactured goods. manufactured goods. Also, Also, increased food supply increased food supply caused caused population growth.population growth.

2.2. Britain had a ready supply of Britain had a ready supply of capital, meaning money capital, meaning money

to to invest, for industrial invest, for industrial machines machines and factories. and factories. Wealthy Wealthy entrepreneurs were looking entrepreneurs were looking

for ways to invest and make for ways to invest and make profits.profits.

3.3. Finally, Britain had abundant Finally, Britain had abundant natural resources and natural resources and

supply supply of markets to sell goods.of markets to sell goods.

B.B. In the eighteenth century In the eighteenth century Great Britain had surged Great Britain had surged

ahead in the ahead in the production of production of cotton cotton goods. The two-step goods. The two-step process of spinning and process of spinning and

weaving had been done by weaving had been done by individuals in their homes, a individuals in their homes, a

production method production method called called cottage industry.cottage industry.

C.C. A series of inventions, A series of inventions, including the spinning jenny including the spinning jenny (Richard Arkwright) and the (Richard Arkwright) and the water-powered loom invented water-powered loom invented

by by Edmund Cartwright in 1787, Edmund Cartwright in 1787, made made both weaving and spinning both weaving and spinning faster.faster.

Cottage industry was no Cottage industry was no longer efficient, so workers longer efficient, so workers were brought to the were brought to the

factories.factories.

D.D. The production of cotton The production of cotton goods became even more goods became even more productive after the Scottish productive after the Scottish engineer James Watt engineer James Watt improved the steam engine in improved the steam engine in 1782 to drive machinery.1782 to drive machinery.

Steam power was used to Steam power was used to spin and weave cotton. spin and weave cotton. Steam engines used coal, so Steam engines used coal, so factories no longer had to be factories no longer had to be located near water.located near water.

E.E. By 1840 cotton cloth was By 1840 cotton cloth was BritainBritain’’s most valuable s most valuable product. Its cotton product. Its cotton

goods goods were sold all were sold all over the world.over the world.

F.F. The expanding use of coal The expanding use of coal transformed the iron transformed the iron

industry.industry.

Henry Bessemer developed a Henry Bessemer developed a process called Bessemer process called Bessemer

Process, Process, which used coal and which used coal and air to burn air to burn away the impurities away the impurities in pig iron to in pig iron to create steel.create steel.

Steel was a higher quality of Steel was a higher quality of iron iron which was more durable.which was more durable.

G.G. Railroads were crucial to the Railroads were crucial to the Industrial Revolution, Industrial Revolution, because they were an because they were an

effective way to move effective way to move resources and goods.resources and goods.

The first public railway line The first public railway line opened in 1830. The 32-opened in 1830. The 32-

miles miles of track went from of track went from Liverpool Liverpool to Manchester, to Manchester, England. England. Stephenson’s “rocket” Stephenson’s “rocket” went 28mph.went 28mph.

H.H. The building of railroads The building of railroads became a new job for farm became a new job for farm laborers and peasants. laborers and peasants.

This less expensive This less expensive transportation lowered transportation lowered

the the price of goods and made price of goods and made for for larger markets.larger markets.

More sales meant the need for More sales meant the need for more goods, which more goods, which

brought brought about more about more factories.factories.

I.I. The factory was an important The factory was an important aspect of the Industrialaspect of the Industrial

Revolution, because it created Revolution, because it created a new kind of labor system.a new kind of labor system.

To keep the machines going To keep the machines going constantly, workers had to constantly, workers had to

work in shifts. Factory work in shifts. Factory owners had to train the rural owners had to train the rural laborers to work the same laborers to work the same hours each day and to do hours each day and to do repetitive work.repetitive work.