chapter 12 power point
TRANSCRIPT
© Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016
An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9eDianne Hales
Alcohol and Tobacco
12
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After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:
• Outline the patterns of alcohol consumption among different populations
• Discuss the patterns, reasons, and perils of drinking on campus
• Describe the characteristics of alcohol and its effects on human health, including serious disorders
Objectives
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• Review racial, ethnic, and gender differences in alcohol-related risks
• Examine the health consequences of alcohol-related disorders
• Compare the patterns of tobacco consumption among the populations in America, including college students
• Discuss gender, racial, and ethnic differences in tobacco consumption
Objectives (cont’d.)
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• Identify immediate effects of tobacco consumption on body and brain functions
• Evaluate the serious health risks and dangers associated with cigarette smoking
• Review the health risks posed by different forms of tobacco
• Compare the different ways of quitting
• Analyze the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke on health
Objectives (cont’d.)
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• Alcohol causes more disability and premature death than any cause other than heart disease
• Many Americans use alcohol– Most do not misuse or abuse it
• Types of people who should not drink at all– Recovering alcoholics, pregnant women,
anyone who plans to drive, those younger than 21, and those taking certain medications
Drinking in America
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• Motivations– Feeling of relaxation
– To heighten the sense of masculinity or femininity associated with drinking
– Social ease
– Role models
– Relationship issues
– Childhood abuse or trauma
– Unemployment
Why People Drink
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• Highest proportion of heavy drinkers and those with alcohol abuse disorders– 18 to 25 years old
• Abuse of alcohol– Top health concern for college students
• College men drink more and more often than college women– Women’s drinking is on the rise
• Increases risk of sexual assault
Drinking on Campus
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• Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)– Type of alcohol in beverages
• Hand sanitizers can contain as much as 60 percent alcohol
• Methyl (wood) alcohol is a poison
• Amount of alcohol in drinks varies– Beer: five percent alcohol
– Wine: about 12 percent alcohol
– Distilled spirits: 50 percent alcohol
Understanding Alcohol
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• Directly and quickly absorbs into bloodstream– Carried to the heart, liver, and brain
– Metabolized by the liver
• Alcohol has nearly as many calories as fat
• Some effects on the brain– Impaired perception and motor skills
– Dulled smell, taste, and temperature sensation
The Impact of Alcohol on the Body
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• Women absorb 30 percent more alcohol into bloodstream than men– Due to smaller quantity of protective enzyme
• Result: women become intoxicated more easily
• Fetal alcohol syndrome– Result of drinking while pregnant
• Race influences tendency to drink– Whites drink more than African Americans
– Asian Americans tend not to drink at all
Alcohol, Gender, and Race
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• Some symptoms of alcohol use disorder– Drinking larger amounts of alcohol or for a
longer time than intended
– Strong urge or craving to use alcohol
– Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down
– Using alcohol in hazardous situations
• Alcoholism– Chronic, progressive, and often fatal disease
Alcohol-Related Disorders
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• About 18 percent of Americans use some form of tobacco– Combustible (smokable) products most
dangerous
• Some reasons why people smoke– Limited education
– Underestimation of risks
– Adolescent experimentation or rebellion
– Parental role models
Tobacco in America
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• 68 percent of college students have never smoked– 20 to 25 percent currently smoke
– Most smokers start before age 18
• White students have highest rates of smoking
• Students may smoke to manage stress
• Social smokers– Smoke less often than others
Tobacco Use on Campus
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• 35 percent of males in developed countries smoke– 50 percent in developing countries
• Some specific risks to men– Increased risk of prostate cancer
– Reduced sexual performance
• Some specific risks to women– Osteoporosis, fertility reduction, and early
menopause
Smoking, Gender, and Race
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• Nicotine: primary active component of tobacco– One of the most toxic poisons
– Directly affects the brain
• Tobacco companies have increased levels of nicotine in cigarettes
• Tobacco produces tar, a carcinogen
• Smoke contains carbon monoxide– 400 times the level considered safe
Tobacco’s Immediate Effects
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• Premature death
• Heart disease and stroke
• Cancer– Smoking causes 80 percent of all cases of
lung cancer
• Respiratory diseases
• Gum disease
• Anxiety and panic attacks
Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking
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• Cigars– Can cause lung and digestive tract cancer
• Water pipes (hookahs)– Smoke passes through water prior to
inhalation
– Risks are similar to or greater than cigarettes
• Pipes
• Bidis– Skinny, sweet-flavored cigarettes
Other Forms of Tobacco
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• Clove cigarettes– Contain two-thirds tobacco and one-third
clove
• Smokeless tobacco– Just as addictive as smoking
• Snus– Similar to chewing tobacco
Additional Tobacco Forms
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• Physical benefits– After 15 smoke-free years, risk of smoking-
related cancer drops to same level as those who never smoked
• Mental benefits– Quitters less likely to report anxiety or
depression
• Nicotine-replacement therapy– Allows smokers to taper off gradually
– Various forms include patches and gum
Quitting Tobacco Use