chapter 12 empires in east asia 660-1350 a.d.. vocabulary: part i moveable type: blocks of metal or...
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Chapter 12Empires In East Asia 660-1350 A.D.
Vocabulary: Part I
Moveable Type: Blocks of metal or wood, each bearing a single character, that can be arranged for page printing
Gentry: A class of powerful, well-to-do people who enjoy a high social class/status
Acupuncture: Chinese form of medicine. Needles in body to relive stress/pain (Chinese Anatomy)
Clan: Group of people descended from a common ancestor
Genghis Khan: United Mongols. Created largest empire in the world
Pax Mongolica: The “Mongol Peace.” A period from 1250-1350 A.D. when the Mongols imposed stability, law and order across much of Eurasia
Vocabulary: Part II
Kublai Khan: Grandson of Genghis Khan. Goal was to rule/conquer all of China. Tried to conquer Japan multiple times.
Marco Polo: Italian merchant/explorer. Served Kublai Khan for 17 years. Opened Europe to the greatness of China
Shinto: Native Religion of Japan (Nature Based)Samurai: One of the professional warriors who served
Japanese feudal lordsBushido: The strict code of behavior followed by samurai
warriors in Japan Shogun: In feudal Japan, a supreme military commander
who ruled in the name of the Emperor
Vocabulary: Part III
Khmer Empire: A southeast Asian empire, centered in what is now Cambodia, that reached its peak of power around.
Angkor Wat: A temple complex built during the Khmer Empire and dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu
Koryu Dynasty: Dynasty that ruled Korea from 935-1392 A.D.
CHAPTER 12 :1
Tang and Song China
Two Great Dynasties in China
The Tang Dynasty Expands China Tang Rulers Create a Powerful Empire After collapse of Han Dynasty in 220 AD, it took until 589
AD for Chinese to restore a new dynasty Tang Emperors lowered taxes and concentrated on foreign
trade and agriculture for income Built Roads/Canals Conquered Northern lands Influences Korea Empress Wu Zhao (Only Women Empress)
Tang Dynasty Map
Empress Wu Zhao
The Tang Dynasty
Scholar-Officials Tang revived examination system (Civil Service) for
choosing government officials Giant Bureaucracy to rule empire
Tang Lose Power Military expansion had wrecked economy by mid
700’s. Taxes too high Tang lost control of central Asia – Silk Road routes Chinese rebels murdered the last Tang Emperor
(Child)
The Song Dynasty Restores China
Song TaizuFounded Dynasty that
lasted from 960-1279The Song returned
China to prosperity, but steadily lost lands to invading nomads
10 cities over 1 million people
Expanded via “Sea Trade”
Song Dynasty
An Era of Prosperity and Innovation
Science and Technology
Innovations lead to the most advanced society in the world
Movable type and gunpowder were invented
Vietnamese Rice Other inventions
Paper Money Porcelain, Mechanical Clock, The Magnetic Compass
Trade and Foreign Contacts
Trade and Foreign Contacts
Trade expanded over the ocean as the Silk Roads were lost to nomads
Chinese became greatest naval power in the world
Cultural Diffusion: Tea, new ideas in math and astronomy to China, Buddhism to Southeast Asia and Japan
A Golden Age of Poetry and Art
Tang and Song dynasties fostered artistic brilliance
Li Bo and Tu FuTopics:
Life/Confucian Ideas/Battle
Chinese Paintings: Nature/Black Ink
Changes in Chinese Society
Levels of SocietyThe Gentry: Scholar-officials and their
families, emerged as the ruling class in ChinaLaborers, soldiers, and peasants made up the
lowest classes of societyFew control land
The Status of Women
The Status of WomenWomen raised to be
subservient to men, especially in the upper classes
Practice of foot-binding was started, crippled women for life
Was considered a sign of prestige for men
12:2 The Mongol Conquests
Nomads of the Asian Steppe
Vast dry grasslands (Steppe) Trade routes/open lands
Central Asia to Eastern Europe Home of the Hittites, Huns, Turks, Mongols
Dramatic Weather Changes Better weather in the West (constant migration)
Nomads constantly fighting over lands Importance of the HorseDevelopment of Clans vs. Kingdoms
Empire of the Great Khan
The Mongol EmpireTemujinGenghis Khan
(Universal Ruler) United all Mongol
tribes by conquest in 1206 AD
Used organization and new battle tactics to defeat enemies
Fear convinced many people to surrender to Mongols
Genghis Khan 1162-1227
“Man’s greatest fortune is to chase and defeat his enemy, seize his total possessions, leave his married women weeping and wailing, and ride his horse…”
Genghis The Conqueror
Organized Military Followed Chinese Military Organization based on
armies of 10,000 Silk Armor
Gifted Strategist Set up traps on attacking armies Skilled Horsemen
Cruelty Terrifying enemy into surrender Two Choices: Join or Die (Slaughter) Won on Reputation of Cruelty
Mongols as Rulers
Mongols destroyed much of the land that they conquered
4 Khanates: Descendent Rulers Khanate of the Great Khan (Mongolia and China) Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia) Khanate of Ilkhanate (Persia) Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)
Over time, they began to blend into societyFrom 1250 to 1350, Mongol Peace/ Pax
Mongolica fostered trade and cultural diffusion throughout Asia
Consequence: The Bubonic Plague
Tsonjin Bolog, Mongolia
The Mongol Empire12:3
Kublai Khan Conquers China
Kublai Khan, grandson to Genghis Khan“Great Khan”Beginning a New Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty unified China The armies of Kublai Khan conquered China in 1279 Kublai tolerated Chinese traditions and did not change
government Abandoned Mongol Life Style….. Enjoyed Luxuries Moved Capital to China
Failure to Conquer Japan
Kublai sent two invasions to conquer Japan (1274/1281) Forced the Koreans to
build, sail and provide supplies (Why?)
150,000 (Largest Until WWII) Typhoon swept across
the Sea of Japan Shipwrecked on Japanese
rocky coastline Kamikaze Wind “Divine
Wind”
Mongol Rule in China
The Mongols and the Chinese Mongols lived apart from
Chinese Most important
government posts went to Mongols or foreigners
Kublai built canals and roads that improved transportation in China
Extended the Grand Canal
Marco Polo at the Mongol Court
Kublai Khan invited visitors to stay with him
Traveled to China in 1275 and stayed 17 years
His writings were the first European records of China
Encouraged later European interest and exploration of routes to China
The End of Mongol Rule
Yuan Dynasty overthrown Mongols suffered several military defeats, causing
taxes to increase Kublai’s successors were cruel towards the Chinese
people Dynasty overthrown in 1368 By 1480, all lands the Mongols had once ruled became
independent once again
Feudal Powers In Japan Chapter 12:4
The Growth of Japanese Civilization
Geography of Japan Made up of about 4,000 islands Four Main Islands – Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku,
Kyushu Very Mountainous, few natural resources Relies on seafood 12% of land is farmable Natural Disasters: Typhoons and Earthquakes
Early Japanese History Shinto Torii Gate
Family clans dominated Japanese culture
Worshiped nature gods and goddess
Shinto Religion Evolves Shinto: meaning “way
of the gods” Respect for nature and
ancestors Kami: Divine spirits that
dwelled in nature
The Growth of Japanese Civilizations
Yamato Emperors
Yamato family ruled as emperors of Japan from the 5th century
Most emperors lacked any real power
Dual Structure of Government
The Growth of Japanese Civilizations
Japanese Culture
The Japanese Adopt Chinese Ideas Buddhism in Japan
Combined traditional Chinese form with aspects of Shinto (Zen Buddhism)
Cultural Borrowing from China In 600s, Japanese sent
envoys to China to study ways of the Chinese
Writing, Cooking, Gardening, Drinking Tea and Hairdressing
Decline of Central Power
Samurai Warriors/Bushido
Landowners living away from the capital set up private armies
Small landowners looked to local lords for protection
Beginning of a “Feudal System” in Japan
Central government not interested in affairs outside of capital
Samurai bodyguards of loyal warriors “one who serves”
Bushido Code “the way of the warrior” Reckless courage Reverence for the gods Fairness Generosity toward weak Dying an honorable
death
Feudalism Erodes Imperial Authority
A Samurai's Life
A Samurai's Life
A Samurai's Life
A Samurai's Life
Seppuku
Also called Hara-kiri (Belly Cutting)
The honorable way of taking one’s own life
Bring honor to dishonorable name
Part of Bushido CodePlunge sword into left
side of stomach and cut all the way over to the right
Geisha
The Kamakura Shogunate
Minamoto clans take control in 1192, leader takes title of Shogun, or supreme military ruler
Shogun ruled as military dictator, daimyo ruled each province
Emperor remained as puppet ruler
Emperor
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasants/Artisans
Merchants
Kingdom of Southeast Asia and Korea
12:5
Southeast Asia Kingdoms of Southeast Asia Geography
Myanmar (Burma)LaosCambodiaVietnamMalaysiaIndonesia, ThailandSingaporeBruneiPhilippines
India and Pacific Oceans
Indochina and the Islands
Warm Humid Tropics
Monsoon winds/Seasonal winds
Southeast Asia
Influence of India and China
The Khmer Empire
Trade ships from China and India
Hindu and Buddhist Missionaries
CambodiaImproved rice and
irrigation (4 crops)Angkor Wat
Hindu Temple to Vishnu 1 square mile Moat Largest religious
structure in the world
Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
Geography of Korea Early History
Korean PeninsulaMountainous land
divides it from Manchuria
Climate is moderate
Clans and tribes rule
Chinese ruled Centralized
government, Confucianism and writing
Korean Dynasties
The Koryu Dynasty
Wang Kon takes over empireEstablished a central service examFaced the Mongols 20,000 horses, clothing for 1 million soldiers,
children and artisans as slaves