chapter 11 review.ppt

7/29/2019 chapter 11 review.ppt

1/40

Complex Inheritence

Genetic Review!


2/40

RATIO REVIEW

Cross Genotypic

Ratio

Phenotypic

Ratio

AA x aa 1:1 or 1/1

Aa

All dominanttrait

Aa x Aa 1:2:1

AA/Aa/aa

3:1

Aa x aa 1:1

Aa/aa

1:1

KNOW

THESE

KNOW

THESE


3/40

Full ColourCC or Ccch or Cch or Cc

Albino

cc

Himalayan

chc or chch

Chinchilla

cchcch

Multiple Alleles in Rabbit Coat

Color

C > cch > ch > c


4/40

Cross a FULL COLOUR

(homozygous) rabbit with a

Himalayan (homozygous) rabbit


5/40

Cross a FULL COLOUR

(homozygous) rabbit with a

Himalayan (heterozygous) rabbit


6/40

Cross an albino rabbit with a

Himalayan (heterozygous) rabbit


7/40

Inheritance

Incomplete Dominance:

When two dominant alleles together only half code.(blending of characteristics) Example: some flowers

Co-dominance: where both dominant alleles code completely.

Examples:

A,B,O blood types, Roan Cattle

KNOW THE

DIFFERENCE


8/40

Incomplete Dominance

Cross a dark Purple flower with awhite flower What is the

phenotypic and genotypic ratio?


9/40

Incomplete Dominance

Cross two light purple flowers.What is the phenotypic and

genotypic ratio?


10/40

Codominance


11/40

In some cats the gene for tail

length shows incomplete

dominance. Cats with long tails and

cats with no tails are homozygous

for their respective alleles. Cats

with one long tail allele and one no

tail allele have short tails. For each

of the following construct a punnettsquare and give phenotypic and

genotype ratios of the offspring.

a) a long tail cat and a cat with no

tailb) a long tail cat and a short tail cat

c) a short tail cat and a cat with no

tail

d) two short tail cats.

The Saskatchewan grasshopper is

is black with green and yellow

stripes. Assume that green stripes

are expressed from the GG

phenotype, yellow stripes from the

YYgenotype, and both from the

heterozygous genotype. What will

be the phenotypic ratio of the F1

generation resulting from a cross

of two grasshoppers, both withgreen and yellow stripes?


12/40

Blood types

Describe ABO

blood groups as an

example of co-

dominance andmultiple alleles.


13/40

Blood type

If you have type

A+ blood, you

could be:

IA IA RR (OR)

IA i Rr

If you have typeB- blood, youcould be:

IB IB rr (OR)

IB i rr

If you have AB blood the notation is: IA IB

If you have type O blood: ii


14/40

Back to Blood Types:

Question 1. Blood type of the mother

is A.

Blood type of the child is B.

Identify genotype of the mother is Ia i OR IaIa

Identify genotype of the child is Ib i . (received i from mom)

What blood type(s) could the father be?


15/40

"Could a man with

type B blood and a

woman with typeAB produce a child

with type O

blood?"

A. Possible

B. Not possible


16/40

The father could

be:

A. A, AB, B, or O

B. Either A or B

C. Either A or O

I am trying to figure

out what blood type

the father of my son

could have since my

son and I are both

type A. Also, my

brother is type 0 and

my mom is A.


17/40

Answer.

Note from the table

that this mother

could have createda child with type A

blood with a father

of any of the fourpossible blood

types, type A, type

AB,


18/40

My daughter is type A, my

grandson is type B, we donot know the father of the

childthere are two

gentlemen in question...my

question is what are the

types that the fathers would

have to be in order for him

to be a B?

A. B or O

B. A, B, AB

or O

C. AB or B

D. A or B

E. A, B, or

AB


19/40

Answer

The child must be

genotype BO. The

mother is thesource of the O-

allele and the

biological father isthe source of the B-

allele.


20/40

Epistasis

One allele controls the expression of one or

more other alleles.

Remember

coat color


21/40

Chocolatelab

bb

Black LabBB or Bb What aboutthe yellow lab?

t l i l b i t ll d b i t ti i


22/40

Chocolatelab

bb

Black LabBB or Bb What aboutthe yellow lab?

oat colour in labs is controlled by an epistatic gene in a

cessive form. The yellow lab will have the genotypes of BB

or bb but the epistatic gene will override.


23/40

Black Lab

Yellow Lab

Chocolate

Lab


24/40

Define sex linkage.

- Sex linkage: genes carried on the sex

chromosomes, most often on the Xchromosome.

Males must inherit the X

chromosome with the geneticdisease from their mother!

(always the case with X-linked recessive diseases)


25/40

Outline how the sex chromosomes

determine gender by referring to the

inheritance of X and Y chromosomes inhumans.

Male:

FemaleX Y

X XX XY

X XX XY

= XX = Female =

= XY = Male =

50 : 50 chance of having a boy or girl


26/40

Colourblindness

People with normalvision see all thedifferent colors andsubtle mixtures of them

by using cones sensitiveto one of threewavelength of light -red, green, and blue

There are severaldifferent kinds anddegrees of color visiondeficiencies


27/40

Colourblindness

5%-8% of men and

0.5% of women are

colorblind.

Everyone is colorblind

at birth

Emerson Moser, who

was Crayola's senior

crayon maker revealedupon his retirement that

he was blue-green

colourblind and could

not see all the colours!

Mr. Rodgers was colorblind


28/40

Which sex is more likely have a recessive, sex-

linked trait? Male Female

2. Which parent do sons inherit recessive, sex-linked traits from? Mother Father

3. Which type of sex chromosome do you find

most sex-linked traits on? X Y


29/40

A colourblind man has a

child

with a woman who is acarrier of the disorder.

a. What is the genotype of the

man? ______ b. What is the genotype of

the woman? ______

c. Fill in the Punnett Squareto the right.


30/40

In fruit flies, red eyes

are dominant over

white eyes. Eye color

is a sex-linked trait. A

red-eyed male mates

with a white-eyed

female. b. What is the genotype of the male?

________

c. What is the genotype of the

female? ________ d. Fill in the Punnett Square to the

right.

e. What is the chance that there will

be an offspring with white eyes?

_______


31/40

Hemophilia

Look at thegenotypic and

phenotypic

ratios of the F1

generation!

Neither

parent

shows

hemophilia,

but ofmale

children will

express the

hemophiliadisease.


32/40

Hemophilia

inability of the blood to clotmutation in the

blood clotting gene

Babies born with hemophilia are missing or havea low level of a protein needed for normal blood

clotting or blood coagulation

1/4000 males.


33/40

Fill in the genotypes for each person

What do you

notice about

the carriers?

What do you

notice aboutthe people

with the

condition?


34/40

Barr Bodies

If a cell has 2 X chromosomes, it will

wrap one of them up into a Barr body

because the cell can only use one at a time.

The Xs get wrapped up randomly, so thatboth copies have the same chance of being

expressed or used.

2 Xs!


35/40

2 Xs!Sometimes one X codes, and sometimes the other

one codes Cat fur color is found on the X

chromosome. Female cats with an orange fur gene

and a black fur gene will look calico.


36/40

Try this one


37/40

Only males have Y

chromosomes

Passed from father

to sons

All Y-linked traits

are expressed

Approximately three

dozen Y linked traits

have been

discovered

The hairy ears gene is

found on the Y

chromosome!


38/40

Polygenic

Many genes code for one phenotypic trait.

Hair colour and skin colour are polygenic

Th h i l lik ki l i l i


39/40

The hair colour gene, like skin color, is polygenic.

Chromosomes 3, 6, 10 and 18 code for Melanin.

The greater the number of dominant alleles, the

darker the hair.

Pheomelanins are red hair pigments.

Hair color is the result of many chromosomes

coding for redness and darkness.

GG = Heavy

Red PigmentGg = Medium

Red Pigment

rr = No Red

Pigment


40/40

chapter 11 review.ppt

Documents