chapter 11-1862 (new orleans, 2nd bull run, antietam, and fredericksburg notes

7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes

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Battle of New Orleans

April 1862

Two Union commanders invaded NewOrleans in the spring of 1862

Naval Commander- David Farragut

Ground Troops Commander- Benjamin Butler

Confederates gave up the city without muchof a fight

Burned tons of cotton sitting in the port

Butler instigated many atrocities while

establishing martial law over the city whichearned him the nickname “Beast Butler”

Significance- Allowed Union access to thelower Mississippi River



General John Pope (USA)

Given the command of the newlycreated US Army of Virginia

Given a threefold task-

To protect Washington D.C.

To protect the Shenandoah

ValleyTo draw Lee’s army from the

defense of Richmond



2nd Bull Run/Manassas

August 28-30, 1862

Confederate Generals Lee, Jackson, and JamesLongstreet mobilized their troops to meet up withJohn Pope in the Shenandoah Valley

General Jackson captured Pope’s supply depot at

Manassas Junction and threatened to cut off communications to Washington, D.C.

General Pope focused his entire offensive at trappingThomas Jackson who had been joined on thebattlefield by General Longstreet

Confederate artillery repulsed General Fitz JohnPorter’s Union attack

General Longstreet’s troops counterattacked,destroyed the Union’s left flank, and pushed Pope’stroops back to Bull Run



General Lee Goes on the Offensive

General Lee succeeds infending off the Union

offenses in the spring andsummer of 1862

The Peninsular Campaign

2nd Bull Run/Manassas



Lee Goes on the Offensive

General Robert E. Lee had decided tocarry the war into the North As all the fighting had been done in Virginia and

deeper in the South

Confederates were hoping to getGreat Britain to join the war on theirside at this point

General Lee marched north intoMaryland after 2nd Bull Run/Manassas



Battle of Antietam Creek

September 17, 1862

General McClellan followed Lee intoMaryland and launched an offensive fromAntietam Creek near Sharpsburg

Union General Joseph Hooker successfullyattacked Lee and Jackson’s left

Union assaults on the Confederate centersucceeded as well but not taken advantageof by McClellan

Union General Ambrose Burnside breached aConfederate-defended bridge on the right

All seemed to be going in favor of the Union,but…




September 17, 1862 Confederate General A.P. Hill marched

his troops from Harper’s Ferry andupon arrival was able to push

Burnside back over the bridge General A.P. Hill was the deciding

factor as the Confederates pushed theUnion troops back to previously held

territory




September 17, 1862

More casualties on this day than any otherday of the war

Both sides claimed victory, but no clear-cutwinner

General Lee had to retreat back into Virginia

General McClellan proved too cautious and did notutilize reserve units to overcome Lee’s army

Last of McClellan’s battlefield commands as

President Lincoln had grown tired of McClellan’s repeated defeats and apparentlack of commitment in executing battleplans



Battle of Fredericksburg

December 1862

President Lincolnreplaced GeneralMcClellan with GeneralA.E. Burnside inNovember 1862

General Burnsideimmediately launched a

late fall offensiveagainst the Confederatecapital of Richmond byway of Fredericksburg,Virginia




December 1862

Plan called for a feigned attack atWarrenton, Virginia (a more direct route toRichmond) while Burnside would make aswift change in direction through

Fredericksburg hopefully taking Lee bysurprise at Richmond

Union troop strength was 115,000

Confederates only had a few hundred

defenders within the town of Fredericksburg




December 1862 Problem for Burnside was that he had

to cross all of these troops over theRappahannock River to get into the

town As a result- Burnside hesitated while

waiting for a pontoon bridge to bebuilt and allowed Confederate troops

to reinforce the town




December 1862

General Lee builds Confederate troopstrength within Fredericksburg to78,000

Burnside’s troops finally crossed theriver on December 11 after days of being sniped at by southernsharpshooters

Confederates turned back the Unionadvance fourteen times as waves of Union soldiers were shot down




December 1862

Burnside had to be persuaded by hissubordinates to call off the frontalassaults as casualties were mounting

Burnside is immediately relieved of his command by President Lincoln

Union morale reaches an all-time low,while the Confederate morale isextremely high

chapter 11-1862 (new orleans, 2nd bull run, antietam, and fredericksburg notes

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