chapter 10 social2_final

PrejudiceAttribution

CategorizingDissonance

CultsBystanderAggressionLoveAttraction

AttitudeObedienceComplianceGroupthink

Conformity

Links to Learning ObjectivesLinks to Learning Objectives

SOCIAL INFLUENCE LO 10.1 ConformityLO 10.2 ComplianceLO 10.3 Obedience

SOCIAL COGNITIONLO 10.4 Attitudes LO 10.5 Cognitive dissonance LO 10.6 Social Categorization

LO 10.7 Explaining others’ actions

SOCIAL INTERACTION

LO 10.8 Prejudice & discrimination

LO 10.9 Why are people prejudiced?

LO 10.10 Attraction and love

LO 10.11 Aggressive behavior

LO 10.12 Altruism

LO 10.13 Cults

Prejudice & Discrimination








Conformity

Prejudice and DiscriminationPrejudice and Discrimination

• Prejudice – negative thoughts & feelings about a particular group

• Discrimination – treating others differently because of prejudice

• In-groups and out-groups

• Realistic conflict theory

• Scapegoating

• Stereotype vulnerability & self-fulfilling prophecy

10.8 How are prejudice and discrimination different?





Conformity


• In-groups and Out-groups: Us and Them

• Realistic Conflict Theory: An increase in competition between groups increases prejudice and tension.

• Scapegoating: member or members of an out-group used as a target of in-group frustration





Conformity


• Stereotype Vulnerability: Effect that awareness of stereotypes have on behavior

• Stereotype threat: awareness of how your behavior reinforces a stereotype

• Self-fulfilling Prophecy: The effect that expectations have on out comes





Conformity

Social Identity Theory?Social Identity Theory?10.9 Why are people prejudiced and how can it be stopped?





Conformity

How do you define yourself?How do you define yourself?

• Social Identity Theory: Identity within a group and the assumption of behaviors, attitudes and concepts of that group– Social categorization– Identification– Social comparison





Conformity

Social Identity TheorySocial Identity Theory

– Social categorization: Who am I?– Identification: Who are we?– Social comparison: Who are they?

Into The Robber’s “Cave”Into The Robber’s “Cave”

• Boys assigned to one of three groups competing with each other…

1. within-group solidarity

2. negative stereotyping of other group

3. hostile between-group interactions

Coming Out of The “Cave”Coming Out of The “Cave”

• Overcoming prejudice through:1. Equal status contact

2. Common goals (intergroup dependence)

3. One-one-one interactions

Attraction, Aggression& Altruism








Conformity

PersonalityPersonality

• Personality is the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual





Conformity

The Personality CanoeThe Personality Canoe

• The Big Five– Conscientiousness: Organization and

Motivation– Agreeableness: Easy going and pleasant– Neuroticism: Emotional instability– Openness: Willingness to try new things – Extraversion: Center of attention





Conformity

Rules of AttractionRules of Attraction

• Interpersonal attraction - liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person.

• Factors– Attractiveness– Proximity – Similarity– Reciprocity

10.10 What factors govern attraction and love?





Conformity

Birds of a featherBirds of a feather

• Similarity draws people together and keeps them there

• Complementary qualities can be rewarding but these relationships don’t usually last





Conformity

INTIMACY: feelings ofemotional closeness

Components of LoveComponents of Love

PASSION: emotional & sexual arousal

COMMITMENT: decisions about relationship





Conformity

Different Forms of LoveDifferent Forms of Love

Liking

INTIMACY

COMMITMENT PASSION

Companionate

Empty

Fatuous

Infatuation

Romantic

Consummate





Conformity

Sternberg’s TriangleSternberg’s Triangle





Conformity

AggressionAggression

• Aggression – deliberate behavior intended to hurt or destroy another organism– frustration aggression – biological

• amygdala, low serotonin, high testerone

– Observation• media violence





Conformity

Aggression and BiologyAggression and Biology

• Identical twins are more similar in aggression than fraternal twins

• High testosterone correlates with high aggression

• Alcohol: Sober man’s thoughts, drunk man’s words





Conformity

The Power of Social RolesThe Power of Social Roles

• Social roles – pattern of behavior expected of person in particular social position– Stanford prison experiment

Visit the Stanford Prison Experiment online





Conformity

Stanford Prison ExperimentStanford Prison Experiment

• Phillip Zimbardo assigned 70 men to be either guards or prisoners for two weeks

• Two days in an unplanned revolt broke out and the guards aggressively put it down

• Five days in the experiment was cancelled after conditions became unbearable





Conformity

Abu Ghraib PrisonAbu Ghraib Prison





Conformity

Violence in the MediaViolence in the Media

• Brief exposure to violent media and games increases violent behavior

• More aggressive children prefer more violent media





Conformity

• Altruism & prosocial behavior

• Bystander Effect

• Diffusion of Responsibility– Fewer bystanders less diffusion help

Altruism & The Bystander EffectAltruism & The Bystander Effect10.12 What is altruism?





Conformity

AltruismAltruism

• Helping someone in need with no expectation of reciprocity or fear for one’s safety

• Bystander effect: The more people around the less likely someone will intervene

• Diffusion of responsibility: Failure to take action because of the presence of others





Conformity

Latané & Darley’s StudyLatané & Darley’s Study

• Participants in room filling with smoke more likely to report smoke when alone





Conformity

Five Steps in Making a Decision to HelpFive Steps in Making a Decision to Help

Notice

Define emergency

Take responsibility

Plan course of action

Take action

11

22

33

44

55





Conformity

Deciding to HelpDeciding to Help

• Noticing: Realizing there is a situation

• Defining: Interpreting the cues in the situation

• Taking Responsibility: Assuming the responsibility to act

• Planning: Deciding how to help

• Taking Action: intervening





Conformity

CultsCults

• What is a cult?

• What kind of person joins a cult?

• How do cult leaders control the members of their cult?

10.13 Why do people join cults?

chapter 10 social2_final

Technology

social interaction

prejudice ingroups

discrimination ingroups

discrimination different

obedience social cognition

objectives social influence

aooression attraction

group interactions