Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL

PSYCHOLOGY, THIRD CANADIAN EDITION

by John Hunsley and Catherine M. Lee

• Introduction to the course

• Chapter 1 material

Outline

• Introductions

• Office hours and email

• Goals & objectives for course

• Teaching & learning tools

• Evaluation

• For next class….

Introduction to the course

• Research ….

• Practice with …..

• Undergraduate and graduate teaching on…..

• Professional contributions: ….

Introductions: Instructor

• Doctoral student in clinical psychology

• Past research and clinical experiences include …...

• Currently conducting research ….

Introductions: Teaching assistant

• In groups of 6 students discuss with one another:

• Year in psychology program

• What they hope to gain from this course

• Career goals– Hoping to become a clinical psychologist

– Deciding about clinical psychology

– Planning other career

Introductions: Students

• Office hours– To discuss evaluations or clarify material from course

– Regular hours: XXXX

• Email– Please put course number in subject line

– Will address email within 2 working days

Office hours and email

Learn about clinical psychology, not how to practice clinical psychology

Goal for course

• Understand need – For psychological services that• are offered over lifespan• are tailored to diverse clientele

– For psychological assessment that will help in• diagnosis• case formulation• treatment planning & monitoring

– For prevention and treatment that is efficacious, effective & cost effective

– For ethical service delivery

Goals: Specific course objectives

• Textbook

• On-line discussions

• Lectures

• Course notes

• Class discussion

• Discussion with guests

• Assignments designed to put material into practice

Teaching & learning tools

• To allow you to comment on specific themes and propose questions for guests

Tools: On-line discussion forum

• Traditional copies available in bookstore

• Electronic version

Tools: Textbook

Lectures will be used to expand on material presented in the textbook. Notes will be posted on-line the day before each class.

Class discussion will be used extensively.

Tools: Lectures, notes & class discussion

A number of clinical psychologists will attend classes.

You are invited to submit questions in advance on-line to each of the guests.

Tools: Guests

• Read chapter

• Take time to think about material

• Review and participate in on-line discussions

• Participate in class discussion

• Contact instructor via email or in office hours for additional questions

• Give feedback on what is helpful or not helpful

Recommended learning strategy

Exams xx%

• Midterm 1• Midterm 2• Final

Discussions xx%

• 10 on-line posts

Papers XX%

• Being a clinical psychologist• Finding the right intervention

• 3 different types

• Spaced throughout the term

• Focus on making material relevant

Evaluation

• Midterm 1 multiple choice questions on all material covered in weeks 1-4. Worth XX% of course grade.

• Midterm 2 multiple choice questions on all material covered in weeks 5-8. Worth XX of course grade.

• Final: Exam period; multiple choice and short answer questions on material for the entire course. Worth XX% of course grade

• Multiple choice questions submitted by students in discussion form may be included in exams

Evaluation: Midterms and Exams

• Worth XX of course grade

• For each week, a number of discussion questions are posted on-line.

• Alternatively, you can generate a multiple choice question related to that week’s course material

• Students are required to post 10 out of the 12 weeks of term.

• All discussions are moderated by the teaching assistant.

• 1 point will be assigned to reasonable posts

• 1.5 points will be assigned to posts that are especially helpful

• 0 points will be assigned to posts that are trivial or offensive

• Students can receive a grade for only one post per week

Evaluation: Discussion forums

• To be submitted by noon the day before class

• Discussion– Create thread

– Subject: number of week

– Comment or question

On-line discussion

A career in clinical psychology

• Designed to help you think about what it is like to be a clinical psychologist– Pick any four profile boxes from textbook

– What were the influences on these people choosing clinical psychology?

– What are the characteristics of their work activities?

– How do they integrate science and practice?

– What are the challenges they face?

Evaluation: Reflection paper 1

Searching for evidence-based services for someone you care about

• Pick a DSM/ICD disorder that interests you and is listed in Exhibits 12.2 or 13.1

• Search for reviews of treatments for this disorder in both the Cochrane database and on PsycInfo– Explain how the disorder affects the person’s life

– Specify your search strategy: keywords, etc…

– Summarize what you found

– Assess its relevance to the person you are thinking of

– Give clear recommendations about the type of treatment that research has shown to be most helpful

Evaluation: Reflection paper 2

• In groups of 5-6– Psychology courses?

– Other courses?

– Work experience?

– Life experience?

– General knowledge?

Group Activity: What knowledge do you already have that is relevant to clinical psychology?

• Introduction

• Defining clinical psychology

• Evidence-based practice in psychology

• Mental health professions

• Availability of mental health service providers

• Brief history of clinical psychology

Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology

• As a future clinical psychologist

• As a future colleague of clinical psychologists– Counselling; social work; psychiatry; nursing; teaching

• As a future manager of clinical psychologists– Health care administration

• As a tax-payer– Are psychological services worth supporting?

• As a consumer of psychological services– For yourself, your colleagues, or your friends and loved ones

Why should you care about clinical psychology?

• Application of psychological knowledge to alleviate distress & promote well-being

• Range of activities: assessment, diagnosis, consultation, treatment, program evaluation, administration, research

• Guided by principles of: – Respect for dignity of persons

– Responsible caring

– Integrity in relationships

– Responsibility to society

Definitions of clinical psychology

• To what extent should clinical practice be guided by scientific evidence?

• McFall’s Manifesto for a science of clinical psychology (1991)

– Essential to describe nature of service

– Benefits must have been validated scientifically

– Benefits must outweigh possible negative side effects

Evidence-based Practice in Psychology

• Psychological treatments are helpful in treatment of anxiety and depression

• Psychological treatment at least as effective as medication

• Fund access to psychological treatments delivered by trained mental health professionals

National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

• More than 450,000,000 worldwide have mental disorders

• Life style factors associated with risk of mental health and physical health problems

• Cost of mental disorder in Canada: $63 billion a year (2013 estimate)– Absenteeism

– Unemployment and underemployment

– Disability costs

– Health service costs

– Premature death

Why do we need mental health professionals?

• Medicine– Psychiatry (approximately 4,100

in Canada)

• Nursing– Psychiatric nurse (approximately

5,200 in Canada)

• Social Work– Clinical social work

(approximately 35,000 in Canada)

• Counselling (numbers unknown as not consistently regulated across jurisdictions)

• Psychology (approximately 16,000 in Canada)– Counselling psychology

– School psychology

– Clinical psychology

– Health psychology

– Forensic psychology

– Clinical neuropsychology

Mental health professions

• World Health Organization– Canada is second only to Germany in numbers of psychologists per 100,000

of population

• Disparities in rural versus urban areas

• Variability in coverage of fees

Availability of psychologists

• Hippocrates:– Origins of biopsychosocial view

• Enlightenment period: Pinel, Tuke, Rush

• European psychiatry: Charcot, Janet, Freud

History of Clinical Psychology

• First major activity in clinical psychology– Intelligence

– Mental disorders and diagnostic systems

– Personality

History of Assessment

• Development of various theoretical orientations

• Importance of research in evaluating therapy outcomes

• Evidence-based treatments

History of intervention

• To date, only a limited focus on prevention

• Growing number of evidence-based programs focusing on disorders in children

History of prevention

• Role of science in clinical psychology

• Use of technology to increase the reach of services

• Biopsychosocial model

• Attention to cost effectiveness

The future…

For next class:

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Access Copyright (The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency) is unlawful. Requests for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his or her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.

All clipart courtesy of Microsoft.com

Copyright Notice