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161/48 Chapter16 강체의 평면 운동학 (Pl Ki i f Ri idB d ) (Planar Kinematics of a Rigid Body)

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Page 1: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16장 1/48

Chapter16강체의평면운동학

(Pl Ki i f Ri id B d )(Planar Kinematics of a Rigid Body)

Page 2: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16.1 강체운동16장 2/48

강체(Ri id B d )

(Rigid-Body Motion)

강체(Rigid-Body):변형이없는물체이므로강체내의임의의두점사이의거리는변하지않는다.

강체의운동 (Rigid-Body Motion):운동이제각각인강체내의모든점의운동을일일이구할필요는없다. 왜냐하면강체내의한점의운동과강체의회전에관한정보(각속도와각가속도)만알면강체내의모든점의운동을알수있기때문이다.

강체운동의이러한특성을밝히는것이 16장(평면운동)과 20장(3차원운동)의주된내용이다.

Page 3: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16장 3/48

강체의평면운동(The planar motion for a rigid body):강체내의모든점의운동이특정평면에평행하게일어나는운동

병진

평면운동의종류

• 병진(Translation):– 강체내의임의의직선이운동도중평행하게남아있는운동

• 직선병진(rectilinear translation) : 운동경로가직선• 곡선병진(curvilinear translation) :운동경로가곡선• 곡선병진(curvilinear translation) : 운동경로가곡선

• 고정축(운동평면에수직인축)에대한회전(Rotation about a fixed axis):

– 강체가하나의고정축을중심으로회전할때, 회전축상의점을제외한다른모든질점들이원형경로를따라움직인다.

• 일반적인평면운동 = 회전과병진의조합(General plane motion)

Page 4: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16.2 병진운동(Translation)

16장 4/48

(Translation)• 위치벡터

– A에대한 B의상대위치벡터

강체내의두점A와 B의

BA rr ,

ABAB

ABAB

rrrrrr−=

+=

/

/

dtd

dtd

dtd ABB /rrr A +=

• 속도

dtd AB

AB/rvv +=

Because is constant ( as is rigid body)& direction of is constant ( as body is translating)

AB /rAB /r

∴∴& direction of is constant ( as body is translating)AB /r ∴

BA vv =병진운동 (직선병진이든곡선병진이든)하는강체의모든점의속도는같다.

BA vv &Note. : Absolute velocity ( measured from Oxy axes)

tdd

tdd BA VV = BA aa = 병진운동 (직선병진이든 곡선병진이든) 하는

강체의모든점의가속도는같다

• 가속도

tdtd 강체의모든점의가속도는같다.

Note. Kinematics of a particle in Ch.12 can be used for the kinematics of points in a translating rigid body

Page 5: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16.3 고정축에대한회전( Rotation About a Fixed Axis)

16장 5/48

( Rotation About a Fixed Axis)

• Point 크기가없다 no angular motion (각운동)• Only line or bodies can have angular motion

각변위

Only line or bodies can have angular motion

• Angular Position (각위치) of r : 고정기준축과 r사이의각도 θ

•각변위(Angular Displacement) :회전각 dθ을크기로갖고오른나사의진행방향 (즉엄지손가락이가리키는방향)을방향으로갖는벡터물리량

Note Δθ : Not a vector dθ : Vector, dθ k

A l l it (각속도) ti t f h i th l iti

kω=ω

• Angular velocity (각속도) : time rate of change in the angular position

tddθ

=ω벡터 magnitudewhere

엄지방향 (회전축방향)의

• Angular acceleration(각가속도) : time rate of changes of the angular velocity

엄지방향 (회전축방향)의

단위벡터단위 : rad/s반시계방향을양(+)의

회전으로임의로정의

θωωθωα

dd

dtd

dtd 2

2

===kα =α where magnitude벡터

Page 6: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

ωωθθωω αα dd

dd

=⇒= Angular motion (각운동)

vdvadsdsdvv

dtdva =⇒==Rectilinear motion (직선운동)

Similar relationship

Constant angular accelerationg

If angular acceleration is constant, cαα =

tαωω +=

)(221

22

2coo

co

tt

t

θθαωω

αωθθ

αωω

−+=

++=

+=

)(2 oco θθαωω −+=

Page 7: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Position of r : r θ

•Displacement : dr dθ

•Position of r : r θ

dθd•velocity td

dθ=ω

l ti

tddrv =

2d θ2 rd•acceleration

2 dtd θα =2

dtrda =

tαωω +=t

)(221

22

2coo

co

tt

t

θθαωω

αωθθ

αωω

+

++=

+=

)(221

22

2coo

co

ssavv

tatvss

tavv

+

++=

+=

)(2 oco θθαωω −+=)(2 oco ssavv −+=

Page 8: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

고정축에대해회전하는강체위의점 P의운동16장 8/48

Pr고정축 (회전축) 위의임의의점 O′에대한점 P의상대위치벡터

dd

rP = O′O + r

dtd

dtd P rr

=

O′

점 P의속도 크기 : ωrFig16-4(c) Fig16-4(d)

ωθθ rrvrvr ==== && ,0

v

또는 P dd rr

점 P의속도 : 크기 :방향 : 원의접선방향

ωrv

Same!

또는P

P

dtd

dtd rrrrv ×=×==≡ ωω Check the direction by right hand rule!

크기 : ωrωrv P == φsin

ωω ×≠× PP rrNote.

Page 9: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

점 의가속 접선성분rddv ω

16장 9/48

점 P의가속도 접선성분

법선성분

rdt

rddtdvat αω

===

rrva 222 )( ωω===

αθ rrat == &&

Orr

an ωρ

rran 22 ωθ == &PO

)

)( PPPP dt

ddtd

dtd

dtd

r(r

rrrvarr

××+×=

×+×=×====

ωωα

ωω

ω&&&&

) PP r(r ××+×= ωωα

를 로 대체할수도있으므로(점 O도회전축위의한점이므로)Pr r

와 은서로직교므로

의크기는 이며

방향은 과같다

rrr(ra

)( )

2−+×=

××+×=

ωα

ωωα rω)( r×× ωω 2ωr

방향은 과같다.nt aa += r−

방향은원의접선방향이면서부호는 가결정α jkk×× )( rωω

jik

−−

Page 10: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Ex 5.2

Pulley A가일정한각가속도 2rad/s2로돌기시작한후, Wheel B가한바퀴돌았을때점 P의속도와가속도의크기?

No slip 벨트의이동거리일정 at both wheel and pulley radπ2

α = constant , pulley A has

sradAA

oco

/188.8)076.16)(2(20

)(22

22

=⇒−+=

−+=

ωω

θθαωω

dtd

Belt has same speed and tangential acceleration for both pulley and wheel

dtd

Motion of P :

hence

Page 11: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

예제 16-1 The rope of diameter d is wrapped around the tapered drum which has the dimensions shown. If the drum is rotating at a constant rate of , determine the upward acceleration

f th bl k N l t th ll h i t l di l t f th bl kω

16장 11/48

Block의수평변위를무시하면속도 j j는수직방향의단위벡터

of the block. Neglect the small horizontal displacement of the block.

속도 v=vj, j는수직방향의단위벡터( 는일정)ωrv = ω

dv

dtdrr

dtd

dtdv )( == ωω

jadtdv

=가속도

dxrrdr

xL

rrrr

dtdtdt

12

121

−=

−+=

dtLdt=

rr rdxdd ::2 θπ =

πθ

2d

ddx

=이므로

2rr rωdx

1r

Ld

Lrr

dtdd

Lrr

dtdr 1212

22ω

πθ

π−

=−

=

π2d

dL

dLrr

dtdv 212

π−

=∴

Page 12: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16.4 평면의절대운동해석(Absolute General Plane Motion Analysis)

General plane motion = translation + rotationGeneral plane motion = translation + rotation

Motion of a point on the body 직선위치좌표 s를사용하여점의위치를나타낸다

Can completely specify the general plane motion by knowing

Angular rotation of a line fixed in the body 각위치좌표 를써서선의방향을나타낸다.θ

만일직선운동을하는한점의변위 s와어느강체의각변위 사이에구속방정식s=f( )를갖는경우

θθs=f( )를갖는경우

이방정식을시간에대해두번미분함으로써그점의직선

ds dθ

θ

2sd운동(속도 와가속도 )과강체의회전운동(각속도 와

각가속도 )사이의 관계를구할수있다.

dtdsv =

dtdθω =

d

2dtsda =

2

2

dtd θα =

αθ

ωθ

ωθ

θddf

dtddf

ddf

dtd

dtfd

dtsda +=⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛=== 2

2

2

2 )(s=f( )θ dtd

ωθ

θθ d

dfdtd

ddf

dtdsv ===

dtd

dt

Page 13: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Ex 16.3) The end of rod R maintains contact with the cam by means of a spring. If the cam rotates about an axis through point O with an angular acceleration α and angular velocity ω, determine the velocity and acceleration of the rod when the cam is in the arbitrary position θcam is in the arbitrary position θ.

Since OC = CB = r cos θ,

θcos2rx =Time Derivatives. Using chain rule of calculus, we have,

sin2

)(sin2

θω

θθ

−=

−=

rvdtdr

dtdx

)(cos2sin2

sin2θθωθω

θω

−⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛−=

=

dtdr

dtdr

dtdv

rv

)cossin(2 2 θωθα +−= ra

Page 14: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Ex 16.4) At a given instant, the cylinder of radius r, has an angular velocity ω and angular acceleration α. Determine the velocity and acceleration of its center G if the cylinder rollsvelocity and acceleration of its center G if the cylinder rolls without slipping.

Position Coordinate Equation By inspection point G movesPosition Coordinate Equation. By inspection, point G moves horizontally to the left from G to G’ as the cylinder rolls. Its new location G’ will be specified by the horizontal position coordinate sG, which is measured from the original position (G) G g p ( )of the cylinder’s center.

As the cylinder rolls, points on its surface contact the ground such that the arc length A’B of contact must be equal to the g qdistant sG.

Consequently, the motion requires the radial line GA to rotate θ to position G’A’. Since the arc A’B = rθ, then G travels a distance ,

θrsG =Time Derivatives. Taking successive time derivatives of this equation, realizing that r is

t t dθ/dt d d /dt i th l ti hiconstant, ω = dθ/dt, and α = dω/dt, gives the necessary relationships:

αωθ rarvrs GGG ===구름이미끄럼을동반할경우에는 SG 와 사이에는 구속방정식이존재하지않는다.

θθrsG ≠

Page 15: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

예제

16장 15/48

예제

The end A of the bar is moving to the left with a constant velocity . Determine the angular Avvelocity and angular acceleration of the bar as a function of its position .

ω αx

점 A의직선운동 x와봉의회전운동 사이의구속방정식θ θsinxr =

따라서

0 cos sin cos cos sin

0 cos sin2 =+−++

=+

θθθθθθθθθ

θθθ&&&&&&&&

&&

xxxxx

xx

이므로0 , === AA vxvx &&&&2/3222

222

2/122 )()2( ,

)(

rxxvrxr

rxxrv AA

−−

==−

−== θαθω &&&

2/1222 )(1

cossin

rxxrv

rxrv

xx A

A

−−

=−

=−

=θθ

1cossin,sin 22222 =+= θθθxrHint)

21x

x −

Page 16: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16.5 상대운동해석 : 속도(Relative Motion Analysis : Velocity)

16장 16/48

(Relative-Motion Analysis : Velocity)일반적인평면운동 = 병진 + 회전

위치벡터 rrr +

병진과회전을분리하여해석 easy⇒ Will use relative-motion analysis

(Translation w.r.t. fixed frame only, No rotation)위치벡터 ABAB /rrr +=

Fixed frame(고정, A와B의절대위치측정)

No rotation)

일반적인평면운동 =병진 + 회전

시간 dt동안의점 B의위치의변화즉변위 drB

= 병진에기인한변위 drA + 점A에대한상대운동(회전)에기인한변위 d

일반적인평면운동 병진 회전

의크기:ABd /r θdr AB/

상대운동(회전)에기인한변위 drB/A

Displacement during time dt drB= drA +drB/A⇒

점 B의점 A에대한상대운동이회전인이유는?점 A와 B는강체내의점이므로강체의구속즉두점사이의거리가불변이라는구속때문에점 B가 점 A에대해 할수있는상대운동은회전일수밖에없다.

Page 17: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

VelocityVelocity

ABABABAB

dtd

dtd

dtd

// vvvrrr

+=⇒+=

= 점 B의 (절대)속도= 점 A의 (절대)속도

BvAv

= 점 B의점 A에대한상대속도혹은병진기준계 에서 본점 B의속도yxA ′′

크기 : v ωθθ

ABABAB r

dtdr

dtdr

/// ==

AB /v

AB/v dtdt

방향 :원호의접선방향 = 와강체의각속도 에수직한방향AB/r ω

결국 ABAB // rv ×= ω

ABAB /rvv ×+= ω ---(16-16)/

ω

AB /r= 강체의각속도

= 점 B의기준점 A에대한상대위치벡터

( )

Page 18: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Graphical representation of velocity of B

Velocity of B : ABAB / vvv +=

ABAB /rvv ×+= ω (16-16)

Page 19: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

식 의의미⇒강체내의한점 (A)의속도를알고강체의

16장 19/48

ABAB /rvv ×+= ω ( )각속도( )를알면강체내의어느점(B)의속도도알수있다는것이다.ω

ABAB /

점 B는링크 BC위의점이기도하고링크 AB의점이기도하므로점 B의운동을점 C에대한회전운동으로볼수도있지만 점 A의운동에다가점 B의점 A에대한상대

BC

도있지만, 점 A의운동에다가점 B의점 A에대한상대운동의합으로이해할수도 있다는것이다.

Fig16-11

마찬가지로미끄럼없이구르는바퀴의중심 B는노면과평행한직선을따라직선운동을하지만, 접촉점 A의

g

순간속도(16.6절참고)가 이므로점 A에대해순간적으로회전운동을 하고있다고볼수도있다.

0

Fig16-12

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예제16-3(Example 16-7)The cylinder shown in Fig 16-14a rolls without slipping on the surface of a

16장 20/48

The cylinder shown in Fig.16 14a rolls without slipping on the surface of a conveyor belt which is moving at 2ft/s. Determine the velocity of point . The cylinder has a clockwise angular velocity at the instant h

Arad/s15=ω

shown.

그림의순간은미끄럼없이구르고있는강체인원통내의점 B가컨베이어벨트에접하는순간이므로 B의속도는벨트의속도와같다. 따라서식(16-16)을적용하면원통내의다른점 A의속도는점 B의속도에다가점 A의점 B에대한상대속도 를합한것과같다.BABA // rv ×= ω

즉 BABA /rvv ×+= ω

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

가점 A의점 B에대한상대속도 를합한것과같다.BABA //

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ijiji

jikiji

50.750.72

5.05.0152

++=+

+−×−+=+

yAvxAv

yAvxAv

( ) ft/s50.950.72 =+=xAv ( ) ( ) ft/s1.12250.7250.9 =+=Av( )( ) ft/s5.7=yAv

xAo3.38

50.950.71tan =−=θ

ANS)

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Ex 16.8)The collar C is moving downward with a velocity of 2 m/s. Determine the angular velocities of CB and AB at this instant.

Velocity Equation.

Link CB (general plane motion):

×+= CBCBCB /ω rvv

++−=−×+−=

×+=

vv

CBCBB

CBB

CBCBCB

2.02.02)2.02.0(2

/

ωωωω

ijjijikji

rvv

+−==v

CB

CBB

CBCBB

2.0202.0

ωω

→==

smvsrad

B

CB/2

/10ω

Link AB (rotation about a fixed axis):

BABB ×= ω rv

AB

AB

BABB

2.02)2.0(2

=−×=

ωω jki

sradAB /10=ω

Page 22: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Ex 16.9) The bar AB of the linkage has a clockwise angular velocity of 30 rad/s when θ = 60°. Determine the angular velocities of member BC and the wheel at this instantvelocities of member BC and the wheel at this instant.

Solution (Vector Analysis)

Kinematics Diagram.

• the velocities of point B and C are defined by the rotation of link AB and the wheel about their fixed axes

Velocity Equation.

Link AB (rotation about fixed axis):

BABB

)60sin2.060cos2.0()30( jik

rv

+×−=

×=oo

ω

sm /}0.320.5{ ji −=

BCBCBC /×+= ω rvv

Link BC (general plane motion):

smvvv

C

BCC

BCC

/205)0.32.0(20.5

)2.0()(0.320.5

=−+=

×+−=ω

ωjii

ikjii

srad

smv

BC

BC

C

/150.32.00

/20.5

=−=

=

ωω

Page 23: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Wheel (general plane motion):

D

D

CDC

1.020.5)1.0()(20.5

=−×=

×=

ωωω

jkirv

sradD

D/52=ω

Page 24: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Prob. 16-75The two-cylinder engine is designed so that the pistons are

16장 24/48

connected to the crankshaft BE using a master rod ABC and articulated rod AD. If the crankshaft is rotating at determine the velocities of the pistonsrad/s30=ω

Cv

Dvat , determine the velocities of the pistonsC and D at the instant shown.

rad/s30=ω

풀이과정

①각속도 30 rad/s으로회전하는크랭크샤프트위의점 B의속도를구한다.식:②피스톤 C는 d ABC위의한점이기도하므로

EBBEEB /rvv ×+= ω0

r×+②피스톤 C는 rod ABC위의한점이기도하므로(수평, 수직성분으로분해하면 2개의식)으로부터 vC와 의크기인 2개의미지수 vC와 를구한다.

BCABCBC /rvv ×+= ω

ABCωABCω

③점 A의속도도구한다. 식 : ④피스톤 D는 rod AD위의점이기도하므로 식(2개의식)으로부터 vD와 의크기인 2개의미지수 vD와 를 구한다

ABC

BAABCBA /rvv ×+= ω

ADADAD /rvv ×+= ωω ADω(2개의식)으로부터 vD와 의크기인 2개의미지수 vD와 를 구한다. ADω ADω

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계산식16장 25/48

250250///

/

⎞⎛

×+×=×+=×=

BCBCEBBCBCBC

EBB

rrrvvrv

ωωωω①

( ) ( ) ( )

)2165.0(5.145cos

60sin15cos25.060cos

15cos25.005.03045sin45cos

−−=−

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +×+×=−−

BCC

BCCC

v

vv

ω

ω

o

o

o

o

o

oo jikjkji

i 성분:

rad/s394Ans m/s776.0

125.045sin

−==

=−

C

BCC

vv

ω

ωoj성분:

rad/s39.4

//////

/

×+×+×=×+×+=×+=×+==

ADADBABCEBADADBABCBADADAD

BABCBA

BCω

rrrrrvrvvrvv

ωωωωωωω③

)1768.0(1552.05.145cos

)45sin25.045cos25.0()(

)45sin05.045cos05.0(39.4()05.0()30(45sin45cos

−+−=

−+−×+

+×−+×=−

ADD

AD

DD

v

vv

ω

ωo

oo

oooo

jik

jik)jkji

i성분:

A/061rad/s36.3

1768.01552.045sin

)1768.0(1552.05.145cos

−=−=−

+

AD

ADD

ADD

v

v

ωω

ωo

i 성분:j성분:

Ans m/s06.1=Dv

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16.6 순간중심16장 26/48

(Instantaneous Center of Zero Velocity)

rvv ×+= ω 에서기준점 A를속도가 인점으로선택하면0ABAB /rvv ×+= ω 에서기준점 A를속도가 인점으로선택하면

가된다.ABB /rv ×= ω

강체내의점(혹은강체와함께운동하는점)으로서속도가 인점을회전의순간중심0

0

강체내의점(혹은강체와함께운동하는점)으로서속도가 인점을회전의순간중심

(IC)이라한다. 왜냐하면강체는순간적으로이점에대해회전운동하고있다고볼수있기때문이다.

0

는모두수직이므로 , 따라서

강체의각속도

ABB / , , rωv ABB rv /ω=

거리까지의순간중심에서점그속도의점한강체내의

)()( )(

ABBB

rv

==ω거리까지의순간중심에서점그 )( )( / ABABr

여기서강체내의점이란반드시기하학적으로강체내부의점만이아니라강체와함께운동

하는점도지칭하고있다. 예로써 ring의중심은 ring의밖에있는점이지만 ring과함께움직이므로운동학적측면에서 ring내의점이라고생각하자는말이다 이를위해질량이없는강이므로운동학적측면에서 ring내의점이라고생각하자는말이다. 이를위해질량이없는강한물질(massless rigid material)로써강체를확장시켰다고생각할수도있다(Fig.16-19참조).

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순간중심을알면

주의 16장 27/48

Fig16-17 순간중심을알면

강체내부점의

속도를구하기가

매우쉬워진다.

미끄럼없는구름의경우노면과의접촉점이순간중심(IC)이되고

각속도 oBC vvv===ω

ICoICBICC rrr ///

===ω

centrode

순간중심은속도가 일뿐 가속도마저반드시 이되는것은 아니므로, 물체가운동함에따라순간중심이이동하게되는데이때순간중심의정지공간상의궤적을 centrode라한다

0 0

centrode

라순간중심이이동하게되는데이때순간중심의정지공간상의궤적을 centrode라한다.Fig.16-17에선노면을나타내는직선자체가 centrode이다.

Page 28: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16장 28/48How to find IC?

순간중심은언제나속도에수직한방향에위치한다는점을이용하여순간중심의위치를구하도록한다. ( , 평면운동상의한점의속도)ICAA / rv ×= ωQ

Solution

1물체내의한점(A)의속도( vA )와물체의각속도( )를알경우ω1.물체내의한점(A)의속도( vA )와물체의각속도( )를알경우ω

A에서 vA에수직인보조선을긋고 A로부터 만큼떨어진순간중심

(IC)을찾되 와 vA의 방향을고려하ω

AICA

vr =/

ω(IC)을찾되 와 vA의 방향을고려하

여야한다.즉 가되도록 IC를정한다

ω

ICAA /rv ×= ω한다.

Fig16-18

Page 29: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16장 29/48

2.평행하지않는두속도의방향을알경우

두점으로부터속도에수직한보조선을그으면교두점으로부터속도에수직한보조선을그으면교

점이바로순간중심이다. vA의크기도알경우, rA/IC

와 rB/IC가구해졌으므로

ICA

A

rv

/

=ω각속도

를먼저구하면 도구하게된다.ICBB rv /ω=

Location of IC

Fig16-8(b)

Knowing the lines of action of vA and vB

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평행한두속도의크기와방향을알경우

16장 30/48

BA vv

3.평행한두속도의크기와방향을알경우

속도에수직한보조선즉두점을연결하는직선과두속도

ICB

B

ICA

A

rr //

==ω속도에수직한보조선즉두점을연결하는직선과두속도의끝점을연결하는직선과의교점이바로순간중심이다.

①속도의방향이반대일경우

Fig16-18(c)

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②속도의방향이같을경우16장 31/48

병진의경우, vA = vB

이므로

순간중심은무한히먼곳에존재한다

∞→= ICBICA rr //순간중심은무한히먼곳에존재한다.

☆강체의확장

16-18 (d)

순간중심이물체내에있지않을경우에는강체

를확장함으로써이순간중심을포함하는상상

의물체를구성한후 순간적으로이물체가순의물체를구성한후, 순간적으로이물체가순간중심(IC)에대해회전한다고생각하면된다.

16-19

Page 32: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Ex 16.11) Block D moves with a speed of 3 m/s. Determine the angular velocities of links BD and AB, at the instant shown.

From the geometry,

mr ICB 4.045tan4.0/ == o

mr ICD 566.045cos4.0

/ ==o

Since the magnitude of vD is known, the angular velocity of link BD is

sradr

vICD

DBD /30.5

566.03

/===ω

r ICD 566.0/

The velocity of B is thereforesmrv ICBBDB /12.2)4.0(30.5)( / ===ω

45°

From the figure, the angular velocity of AB is

sradvB /30512.2 ===ω sradr AB

AB /30.54.0/===ω

Page 33: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Prob. 16-95 If the collar at C is moving downward to the left at vC =8m/sdetermine the angular velocity of link AB at the instant shown.

16장 33/48

①점 B와 C의속도의방향이주어졌으므로 Link BC의순간중심을구할수있다BC의순간중심을구할수있다.

C BvB

그림의순간 link CB는수평으로가정

o45o75

o60C B

vC

②점 C의속도의크기도주어졌으므로 link CB의각속도와점 B의속도도구한다

IC

도와점 B의속도도구한다.

고정점

③점 B는고정점 A에대해회전하는 link AB위의점이기도하므로

BAB

v=ω 을구할수있다.

ABAB r /

을구할수있다.

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계산식

16장 34/48

계산식

m2562.060sin45sin75sin

350.0

=

== −−

BIC

CICBIC

r

rrooo

VV +

But, why bother with VB

rad/s494.258m3138.0

56.0

===

=−

cCB

CIC

BIC

Vr

ω ICCCBICc rVV /ω+=

BCCBBc rVV /ω+=or

d/5315.6m/s5315.6)2562.0(494.25

3138.0

/

/

===

B

ICBCBB

ICCCB

Vrv

rω CBBCCB

orrVV /ω+=

Ans rad/s1.135.0

5315.6

/

===AB

BAB r

VV

ICBBCICB rVV /ω+=

Use of IC easy calculation!ABABAB rVV /ω+= y

Page 35: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16.7 상대운동해석 : 가속도16장 35/48

(Relative-Motion Analysis:Acceleration)

속도관계식 를시간에대해미분하면vvv +A x′

y′For a general plane motion

속도관계식 를시간에대해미분하면ABAB /vvv +=

ABAB ddd /vvv+=

:점 B의가속도Ba B

y rA

rB

rB/A

ABAB

dtdtdt/aaa +=

+=:점 A의가속도

:점 B의점 A에대한상대가속도혹은병진기준계 에서본점 B의가속도yxA ′′

Aa

AB/a

O x

병 기 계 에서 의가속yxA점 B는점 A에대해상대적으로회전운동을하므로(A sees B as moving along a circular path)

)()(

)(

)( )()(

/2

/

//

///

ABAB

ABAB

nABtABAB

rr

rraaa

ω−+×=

××+×=+=

α

ωωα :강체의각속도

:강체의각가속도ωα)( // ABAB

tAB )( /a크기:

방향: 접선방향이며부호는 가결정한다.αABr /α

nAB )( /a크기:

방향: -rB/A방향, 즉점 B에서 A로향하는방향

ABr /2ω

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16장 36/48nABtABAB )()( // aaaa ++=Graphical representation of

+= +(a) (b) (c)

aB

Fig 16-23(d) Fig 16 23(d)

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16장 37/48Ex)

Fig 16-24

위의그림에서점 B는크랭크 AB의점이기도 BC의점이기도하므로

0

CBBCCBBCC

ABABABABAB

/2

/

/2

/

α

α

rra

rraa

ω

ω

−×+=

−×+=0

Page 38: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

16장 38/48Ex)

Fig16-25

No slipping condition으로부터

CB rr θθ CB = (r 와 r 는각각기어 B와 C의반경)

시간 t에대해미분하면22

CB rr θθ CB (rB 와 rC는각각기어 B와 C 의반경)

tAtACB

CBCCB

rrrrrr

)()(CB

2C

2BB

′=→=≠→=

aaααωωωω nAnA )()( ′≠ aa

No slipping의경우두기어의접촉점 A와 의가속도가같기위한필요

충분조건은 rB = rC이다.A′

B C

Page 39: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Ex 16.13) The rod AB is confined to move along the inclined planes at A and B. If point A has an acceleration of 3 m/s2 and a velocity of 2 m/s both directed down the plane at the instant thevelocity of 2 m/s, both directed down the plane at the instant the rod becomes horizontal, determine the angular acceleration of the rod at this instant.

IC 10 −− AICBIC rr

o45o45A B

ICvB

m2

1045sin10

45sin45sin90sin

===

==

−− AICBIC

AICBIC

rr o

ooo

BvA rad/s283.0

1022===⇒=

−−

BIC

AABBICABA r

Vrv ωω

Kinematic Diagram. Acceleration Equation.

/2

/ rraa −×+= ωαooo

ABABAB

)10()238.0()10()(

45cos345sin45cos2 iik

jji

−×

+=+

α

oooBB aa

)10()2830(45cos345cos 2oo

)10(45sin345sin

)10()283.0(45cos345cos 2

α+−=

−=oo

B

B

a

a

Solving, we have 2

2

/344.0

/87.1

srad

smaB

=

=

α

Page 40: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

Ex 16.14)

(직선경로)

Just before A touches the ground, its velocity is directed downward, And just after contact, is directed upward ⇒ A begins to accelerate

미끄러짐이없으므로점A가지면에접촉하는순간 0=Av

속도

upward when it leaves the ground A

속도

가속도

equating i and j components yields

미끄러지지않고굴러가는모든원형물체에적용

A가순간중심이지만가속도가 0이되지는않는다

For 구르는물체Acceleration

of G, not A’srα

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Ex 16.16)

회전체 C.G.에대한상대속도를구하라!

Using the result of the previous example

Point B

equivalent

nGBtGBGB )()( // aaaa ++=

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Ex16.17) The collar is moving downward with an acceleration of 1 m/s2. At the instant shown, it has a speed of 2 m/s which gives links CB and AB an angular velocity ωAB = ωCB = 10 rad/s. D t i th l l ti f CB d AB t thi i t tDetermine the angular accelerations of CB and AB at this instant.

Solution (Vector Analysis)

Acceleration Equation.

Link AB (rotation about to a fixed axis):

rra 2−×= BABBABB ωα

jiajjka

202.0)2.0()10()2.0()( 2

+=−−−×=

ABB

ABB

BABBABB

αα

jABBLink BC (general plane motion):

jikjjirraa

)2020()(12020/

2/

++−×+= CBCBCBCBCB ωα

jiijjjiji

jikjji

20202.02.01202.0)2.02.0()10(

)2.02.0()(1202.02

−−++−=+−−

−×+−=+

CBCBAB

CBAB

ααα

αα

jjjj CBCBAB

Thus,

202.0120202.02.0

++−=−=

CB

CBABα

αα

CB

22

2

/95/95

/5

sradsrad

srad

AB

CB

=−=

=

α

αSolving,

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Ex)16.18

+Aa

00=Aa

Piston C moves upright direction only

i-방향j-방향

피스톤감속중

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16.8 회전축을이용한상대운동해석(R l i M i A l i U i R i A )

16장 44/4

(Relative-Motion Analysis Using Rotating Axes)

So far, 병진기준계를이용한상대운동해석으로병진과회전으로분해하여해석: 평면의일반적운동의해석

,병진기준계를이용한상대운동해석 병진과회전 분해하여해석

강체내의두점사이의상대운동또는핀으로연결된여러강체상의점들의해석에유용

강체에대해상대운동(e.g.sliding motion)을하는질점의 해석: 병진과회전을겸하는강체에고정된기준계 (즉 운동기준계 moving frame)을이용 more general

Both gives thsame result!

는강체에고정된기준계 (즉, 운동기준계, moving frame)을이용 more general

기준계 OXYZ : 고정기준계 (fixed frame)

ij 점 B: moving frame 에대해 상대운동하는질점또는Axyz

기준계 : 기준계 OXYZ에대해병진하면서 (각속도 와

각가속도 로) 회전하는기준계(운동기준계kΩ=Ω

kΩ&& =ΩAxyz

J

ij 점 B: moving frame 에대해 상대운동하는질점또는

moving frame 와함께운동하는강체위에서움직이는질점

AxyzAxyz

ABAB /rrr += 고정기준좌표계에부착된 OXY에서본점 BI ABAB /rrr +=

jir BBAB yx +=/moving frame = local frame

고정기준좌표계에부착된 OXY에서본점 B의절대위치

회전, 병진운동하는강체에부착된 Axy좌표계에대한 B점의상대위치

기준계 의병진정보 : 원점 A의속도( ) 와가속도( )

회전정보 : 이기준계의각속도 와 각가속도kΩ=Ω kΩ&& =ΩAv Aa

Axyz

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Y

General plane motion

rrADisk중심에

강체내의두점이상대운동하지않는경우(A와 B사이의상대거리불변)

rBADisk 중심에부착된회전/병진좌표

rB/A = fixed

y

B

XxO, A

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Y

YB

xB

yB

rrADisk중심에 rBADisk 중심에부착된회전/병진좌표 y B

강체 (disk)에대해질점이상대 ( lidi )운동을하는y B 상대 (sliding)운동을하는경우(A와 B사이의상대변위

time varying)

x XO, A XB

Ex) 크레인붐의길이가계속변하고, 동시에크레인이붐축을기준으로회전하고, 크레인중심축을중심으로크레인중심축을중심으로회전할때붐끝점의속도, 가속도구하는문제

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BrB/AAY 강체 (disk)에대해

질점(자동차)이상대운동을

Disk중심에 회전운동없이병진만할경우

질점(자동차)이상대운동을하는경우

rBrADisk 중심에부착된회전/병진좌표 y

회전운동없이병진만할경우

만약자동차가A에대해전후진을반복할경우XB(t) = rA+sin (t) = rB자동차의절대속도y

B자동차의절대속도

BABB rdt

tdVXV &43421

& )sin(=+==

O, A xV AB

2/

X

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병진 + 회전운동할경우

XB(t) = rA+sin (t) = rB

AB rdr

VXV / ×Ω++== &B

자동차의절대속도

XB(t) rA+sin (t) rB

ABAABA

V

ABABB

rvV

rdt

VXV

AB

//

/

)(

/

×Ω++=

×Ω++==44 344 21

BrB/AA

Y ABAxyzABA rvV // )( ×Ω++Y

( ) ( ) ( )•×Ω+•=• AxyzOXYZ dtd

dtd ||

ABr /×ΩrBrA (vB/A)Axyz=

Disk 중심에부착된회전/병진좌표

y

(v )

BrB/AA

O, A좌표

xB

이동( 에대하여)

X

(vB/A)Axyz

이동( A에대하여)즉, A에대한상대운동

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속도16장 51/48

점 B의속도

ABOXYZAOXYZBOXYZddd

/||| rrr +=

점 B의속도

ABOXYZAOXYZBOXYZ dtdtdt /||| rrr +

벡터의시간에대한미분에선반드시어느기준계에대한미분이냐를언급해야한다.여기서미분은고정기준계에대한미분을나타낸다.

즉d | rvv +=즉 ABOXYZAB dt /| rvv +=

고정기준계에서본 점 의속도

고정기준계에서 고정기준계에서본점 B의 = v본 점 B의속도 본점 A의속도 점 A에대한상대속도 = vB/A

A와 함께 병진하는 기준계에서

=

본 B의속도

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dd

16장 52/48

)()(

)(

||

|| //

jiji

jirv

BB

BBOXYZABOXYZAB

dydxdydx

yxdtd

dtd

+++=

+==

)()( || jiji OXYZBOXYZB dty

dtx

dtdt+++=

기준계 Axyz에서본 B점의 기준계 Axyz의회전에기인한기준계 Axyz에서본 B점의속도

xyzAB

d/

|

)(

r

v=기준계 Axyz의회전에기인한상대속도성분

i j의 OXYZ에대한미분이므로 i j의방향의변화즉ABAxyzdt /| r= i, j의 OXYZ에대한미분이므로 i, j의방향의변화즉

회전때문에생기는속도성분

스칼라량인 xB와 yB의미분에서기준계를언급하지않은이유는기준계의속도가광속

에근접하지않는한기준계에따라스칼라량의미분값이변하지않기때문이다에근접하지않는한기준계에따라스칼라량의미분값이변하지않기때문이다.

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i와 j는점 A를중심으로각속도 를가지고회전하는점들의위치벡터라고볼수있으므Ω

16장 53/48

i 와 j는점 A를중심으로각속도 를가지고회전하는점들의위치벡터라고볼수있으므

로 으로부터고정기준계에서본이점들의속도는

d d

Ωrv ×= ω

ii ×= ΩOXYZdtd | jj ×= ΩOXYZdt

d |와 이다.

ddABBBOXYZBOXYZB yx

dtdy

dtdx /)(|| rjiji ×=+×=+ ΩΩ

dd결국 …(16-23)ABABAxyzABOXYZ dt

ddtd

/// || rrr ×+= Ω

vB/A 운동기준계 Axyz의각속도

어떤벡터(r )의특정기준계(OXYZ )에대한변화율은이기준계에대해상대운동을하

위식의의미

어떤벡터(rB/A)의특정기준계(OXYZ )에대한변화율은이기준계에대해상대운동을하는기준계(Axyz)에대한변화율에다가상대운동기준계(Axyz)의각속도( )에그벡터(rB/A)를외적하여얻은벡터를합한것과같다.

Ω

( ) ( ) ( )•×Ω+•=• AxyzOXYZ dtd

dtd ||

회전이 involve된어떤물리량의미분

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16장 54/48

ABAB /vvv += ……(16-24)

ABAxyzABAB /// )( rvv ×+= Ωy

ABAxyzABAB // )( rvvv ×++=⇒ Ω

: 고정기준계(fixed frame)에서본점 B의속도(점 B의절대속도) : 고정기준계 (fixed frame)에서본점 A의속도(점 A의절대속도)

Bvv

: 고정기준계에서본점 B의점 A에대한상대속도(고정기준계에대한상대변위 rB/A의변화율)

:운동기준계 (moving frame) 에서본점 B의속도

AvAB/v

Axyz: 운동기준계 (moving frame) 에서본점 B의속도(상대변위 rB/A의운동기준계에대한성분 , 의변화율에기인한상대속도성분)

운동기준계의회전에기인한상대속도성분

AxyzAB )( /v

Ω

Bx ByAxyz

: 운동기준계의회전에기인한상대속도성분: 운동기준계의회전속도

AB/ r×ΩΩ

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가속도 16장 55/48

ABOXYZxyzABOXYZAOXYZBOXYZ dtd

dtd

dtd

dtd

// )( |||| rvvv ×++= Ω

dd ||

dd )()()( || vvv ×+= Ω

( ) ( ) ( )•×Ω+•=• AxyzOXYZ dtd

dtd ||Remembering

xyzABxyzABAxyzxyzABOXYZ dtdt)( )()( /// || vvv ×+= Ω

xyzAB )( /a=

ABOXYZABOXYZABOXYZ dtd

dtd

dtd

/// ||| ) ( rrr ×+×=× ΩΩΩ

d 0주의ΩΩΩ ×+= |Axyzdt

d 0ABxyzAB // )( rv ×+Ω기준계 Axyz의각속도의변화율

은기준계에무관하다

주의

Ω= &Ω

( ) ( ) ) ( )( ///// ABxyzABABxyzABxyzABAB rvrvaaa ×Ω×Ω+×Ω++×Ω+×Ω++=⇒ &

ABAB /aaa += AB/a

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ABAB /aaa += …(16-27)16장 56/48

( )xyzABABABxyzABAB ///// 2) ( )( vrraa ×+××+×+= ΩΩΩΩ&

( )xyzABABABxyzABAB //// 2) ( )( vrraaa ×Ω+×Ω×Ω+×Ω++=⇒ &

: 고정기준계 (fixed frame)에서본점 B의가속도(점 B의절대가속도): 고정기준계에서본점 A의가속도(점 A의절대가속도):고정기준계에서본점 B의점 A에대한상대가속도

BaAa

: 고정기준계에서본점 B의점 A에대한상대가속도(고정기준계에대한상대변위 rB/A의 2차변화율)

: 운동기준계(moving frame) Axyz에서본점 B의가속도AB )( /a

AB/a

(상대변위 rB/A의운동기준계에대한성분 xB , yB의

2차변화율에기인한상대가속도성분): 각가속도에기인한상대가속도성분

xyzAB )( /a

AB/r×Ω&: 구심가속도성분(Centripetal acceleration): 코리올리가속도성분(Coriolis acceleration)

AB/ rΩ) ( /ABr×× ΩΩ

xyzAB )( 2 /v×Ω

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기준계 A 를지구위에세워둔기준계라고할때지구의회전에기인한세개의상대가속도

주의1 16장 57/48

기준계 Axyz를지구위에세워둔기준계라고할때지구의회전에기인한세개의상대가속도성분중에서 Coriolis가속도가특별히중요한의미를갖는이유는다음과같다.첫째, 지구의회전(자전) 각속도는거의일정하다고볼수있으므로 0≅Ω&둘째, 으로서매우작은값이므로 에비례

하는구심가속도보단 에비례하는 Coriolis가속도가더심각한기여를할가능성이높다.rad/sec )/(2/day1 360024 ×== πΩ 회전

2ΩΩ

주의2

점 A와 B가하나의강체내의두점인경우, 즉점 B가운동기준계 Axyz에부착되어있는경우엔 , 이므로

,

0a =xyzAB )( /0v =xyzAB )( /

rvv ×+= Ω )( rraa ××+×+= ΩΩΩ&,

기준계 Axyz의각속도 와강체의각속도 를동일시하면앞의절(16.5~16.7)의결과와같은결과를얻게된다.

ABAB / rvv ×+= Ω ) ( // ABABAB rraa ××+×+= ΩΩΩ

Ω ω

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16장 58/48

주의3

질량이 이고작용한외력이 F인질점 B의운동방정식은질량이 m이고작용한외력이 F인질점 B의운동방정식은이지 , 임을유의하라.

즉뉴턴의운동법칙의적용에세심한주의가요구된다.BmaF = xyzB/Am )(aF ≠

즉고정기준계 OXYZ에서측정한절대가속도

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예제16-6

싱크대에서물이빠지는모습이나태풍의구름을촬영한위성사진을관찰하면북반구에선

16장 59/48

싱크대에서물이빠지는모습이나태풍의구름을촬영한위성사진을관찰하면,북반구에선반시계방향으로, 남반구에선시계방향으로안쪽으로감겨들어가는것을알수있는데왜그런가?

( )xyzABABABABxyzAB ///// 2) ( )( vrraa ×−××−×−= ΩΩΩΩ&

지구에고정된관측지구에고정된관측자가관측한물이나구름의가속도

aB – aA

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b

Summary 회전 병진운동을 하는 강체에 부착된 좌표계에 대해상대운동을 하는 질점의 절대가속도

Ωb

)( bbac

bac

×Ω++=

+=

&

&&&

c

dtdbb

dtd

dtbdac ×Ω+×

Ω++=

&&&&&

&&&&& OXYZ모든 항 ⇒

a

)(

)()()(

bbbbba

bbbbba

×Ω×Ω+×Ω+×Ω+×Ω++=

×Ω+×Ω+×Ω×Ω+Ω+×Ω++=&&&&&&&

&&

( )2)()( vrraaa ×Ω+×Ω×Ω+×Ω++= &

)(2 bbbba ×Ω×Ω+×Ω+×Ω++= &&&&&&

f ( )xyzABABABxyzABAB //// 2) ( )( vrraaa ×Ω+×Ω×Ω+×Ω++=c.f.

a : moving frame까지의변위 (fixed frame에서본 moving frame의위치) = rA: moving frame의절대속도 (fixed frame에서본 moving frame의속도) =a& Av

b : moving frame에서본질점의상대위치 (moving frame에서본질점의위치) = rB/A: moving frame에대한질점의상대속도 (moving frame에서본질점의속도) =

: moving frame의절대속도 (fixed frame에서본 moving frame의속도) = : moving frame의절대가속도 (fixed frame에서본 moving frame의가속도) =

aa&&

b&

AaAv

AAB )( /v: moving frame에대한질점의상대속도 (moving frame에서본질점의속도) : moving frame에대한질점의상대가속도 (moving frame에서본질점의가속도) =

Ω : moving frame의 fixed frame에대한회전속도 (fixed frame에서본 moving frame의회전속도)

bb&&

AxyzAB )( /vxyzAB )( /a

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Ex.16.19

0&&&

i

i

2

2.00

=

====

b

baaa

&

jiiki

i

i

6.02)2.03(2)(

3

2

−=×−+=×Ω++=

=

bbac

b

b

&&&

&&

jikikiki

j

)6.02()3(2.0)2(2)3(23)(2

)()(

−×−+×−+×−+=×Ω×Ω+×Ω+×Ω++= bbbbac &&&&&&&&

ji 4.122.1 −=

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xyzOCOCOC )( // vrvv +×Ω+=

xyzOCxyzOCOCOCOC )()(2)( //// avrraa +×Ω+×Ω×Ω+×Ω+= &

{ }{ } sm

mOCO/2)(0

2.00 /ivairv ==

Motion of moving reference Motion of C with respect to moving reference

{ }

{ } { }{ }

smsrad

sm

xyzOC

xyzOCO

/3)(/3

/2)(02

/

/

iak

iva

=−=Ω

==

&

{ } 2/ /12)2()3(2)(2 smxyzOCCor jikva −=×−=×Ω=

{ } srad /2k−=Ω&

//

2)2.0()3(0

)( xyzOCOCOC

iik

vrvv

+×−+=

+×Ω+=

{ }//// )()(2)(

/6.02 sm

xyzOCxyzOCOCOCOC avrraaji

+×Ω+×Ω×Ω+×Ω+=

−=&

[ ]{ } 2/4.1220.1

3)2()3(2)2.0()3()3()2.0()2(0

smji

iikikkik

−=

+×−+×−×−+×−+=

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예제16-7Ω

16장 63/48

A straight tube is attached to a vertical shaft at a fixed angle as shown in the figure. The shaft rotates with a constant angular velocity Ω. A particle moves along the tube with a constant velocity relative to the

α

v

Ω

p g ytube. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the particle when it is at a distance along the tube from the center. Do this problem by setting up a moving and a fixed coordinate system and using the known expression for

lmoving and a fixed coordinate system and using the known expression for the acceleration of particle which moves in a moving coordinate system.

k

i

j

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( )2)()( vrraaa ×+××+×++ ΩΩΩΩ&

16장 64/48

( )xyzABABABxyzABAB //// 2) ( )( vrraaa ×+××+×++= ΩΩΩΩ

)( ilΩ = Ω k

b

0kiv

kirαα

αα

)() cos (sin)(

)cos(sin

/

/

vl

xyzAB

AB

+=+= 0=== aaa &&&

b&0=b&&= b

=

irjr

0a

ααΩ

α

sinΩ) ( , sin

)(2

//

/

ll

v

ABAB

xyzAB

−=×=×

=

Ω×ΩΩ

일정하므로가와Q

jv αΩ sin2)( 2 / vxyzAB =×Ω

jia αΩαΩ sin2sin2 vl + jia αΩαΩ sin2sin vlB +−=

22 )2(1sin αΩ vla BB +== a )(1sinΩ

αΩl

la BB +a주의

고정기준계와원통좌표계를사용하여이결과를구해보라고정기준계와원통좌표계를사용하여이결과를구해보라.

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Problem 16-145

16장 65/48

The quick-return mechanism consists of a crank AB, slider block B and slotted link CD . If the crank has the angular

Problem 16-145

gmotion shown, determine the angular motion of the slotted link at this instant.

Y

M i

X

xyMoving

frame cxy

풀이과정

①크랭크 AB의각속도와각가속도로부터, 원운동하는 B의속도와가속도를구한다.

XFixed frame CXY

② B는 link CD 위를움직이므로 B의절대운동과 link에대한상대운동과의관계로부터 link의각속도와각가속도를구할수있다.

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Solution

m/s30103 ×ω

16장 66/48절대속도인데 I,J로표기않고 i, j로표기해도되나?Ans) 병진좌표계에서본속도이므로어느좌표값으로표시하더라도값은똑같다.단지표현한좌표계가다를뿐!

( )( )

ABABtB

ABABB

ra

rv

/90103

m/s9.01.09

m/s3.01.03

222

2/

/

=×==

=×==

α

ω xBtB va ,)(

o60 D

( )xyzCBCBCDcB

ABABnB ra)(

m/s9.01.03

//

22/

2

vrvv +×Ω+=

=×== ω

nBa )(o30A

B

b)( bb Ω&&&

( )/

/

rad/s866.0,m/s15.03.060sin60cos3.0

==+×+=+

CDCB

CBCD

vv

ωω iik0ji

y

c

b)( bbac ×Ω++= &&

=b&

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

////

/

30sin30cos9.060sin60cos9.0

2

rad/s866.0 ,m/s15.0

+−++

×Ω+×Ω×Ω+×Ω++= xyzCBCBCBxyzCBCB

CDCBv ω

jiji

vrraaa &

c

0=== aaa &&&

b

( )/

15.0866.02 3.0866.0866.03.0

××+××+×++= CDCBa α

ikikkiki0 bCB =/r

bxyzCB&=)( /v

bxyzCB&&=)( /a)(2 bbbbac ×Ω×Ω+×Ω+×Ω++= &&&&&&&&

2

2/

rad/s23.3

m/s104.0

=

−=

CD

CBa

αAns

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Ex) Disk D, of radius R, is pinned to end A of the arm OA of length L located in the plane of the disk. The arm rotates about a vertical axis through O at the constant rate , and the disk rotates about A at the constant rate . Determine (a) the velocity of point P (b) the acceleration of P (c) the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the disk

1ω2ω

the disk.

b: moving frame Oxyz에대한상대위치 (moving frame Oxyz에서본점 P의속도)

b& : moving frame xyz에대한상대속도 (moving frame xyz에서본점 P의속도)

ji RLbaaa 0=== &&&

Ω : moving frame xyz의 fixed frame에대한회전속도 = 1ωb g y ( g y )

y

ji

i

ji

RRb

Rb

RLb

2

2

ωα

ω

−−=

−=

+=

&&

&

jiji

ji

RLRbbacV

RRb

P

12

22

)(0)(

ωω

ωα

+×+−=×Ω++==

−−=&&&

x

z

ki

bbbbaca

LR

P

12

12

)(2

ωω

×Ω×Ω+×Ω+×Ω++==

+−=&&&&&&&&

z

ikj

jijjijj

LRR

RLRR2121

22

112122

2

))(()(20

ωωωω

ωωωωω

−+−=

+××+−×+−=

Page 66: Chap16-2008Gwak.ppt [호환 모드] - dasan.sejong.ac.krdasan.sejong.ac.kr/~kwgwak/postings/Dynamics/Chap16-2009Gwak.pdf · 16장1/48 Chapter16 강체의평면운동학 (Pl Ki i f

kj 21

)()( ωωωαωωω

×Ω+==+=

OXYZ && ( ) ( ) ( )•×Ω+•=•OXYZdd ||

Note.

ikjj

21

211 )(0

)()(

ωωωωω

ωωωα

=+×+=

×Ω+oxyzOXYZ ( ) ( ) ( )×Ω+oxyzOXYZ dtdt||

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Prob 16-142) determine the velocity and acceleration of the object held at the grip C

Y

XFixed frame CXY

jii )15sin15(cos125.0,3.00

21

+=−==

===

rrbrr

aaa &&&

kkkk

15

2

1

=−′===

ωωωωω

( )kkk

k

22222

22

21

××+×=

×=

+=

rrb

rb

rrb

ωωα

ω&&

&

kkkk

kkk

02

1

2

1

2

=−′===

ααααα

ωωωLink AB와같이움직이면서본상대각(가)속도이므로

( )

JIji 0235.29441.02244.21941.0)( 1

22222

+−=+=×++= bbac ω&&&

I-J-K좌표로변환하면

JIji 1536.42066.110062.278.11)(2 1111

−−=+−=××+×+×++== bbbbacaP ωωαω &&&&&&&

I J K 좌표로변환하면